BXSObI 


Rtv.naj.KRtPS.0.0^ 

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C.M.EFIRD. 


REY.J.WI10WNE.O.D. 


PUBLICATION    COMMITTEE 


..  MO' 


HISTORY 


of  the 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod 
of  South  Carolina 

1824-1924 


Prepared  by  a/Committee  of  the  Synod 

Rev.  S.  T.'TIALLMAN,  D.D.,  Editor 

Published  by  Authority  of  the  Synod 
Printed  for  the  Synod 


Press  of  Farrell  Printinc  Company,  Inc. 
Columbia,  Soulh  Carolina 


H  IS' 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Page 

Preface  1 1 

Foreword  13 

Acknowledgment  15 

Introduction    17 

Chapter  I. — Early  History    21 

Chapter  II. — Doctrinal  History  27 

Chapter  HI. — Missionary  History  33 

Foreign  Missions 

Inner  Missions 

Woman's  Synodical  Missionary  Society 
Chapter  IV. — Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  -     59 

Theological  Seminary 

Newberry  College 

Summerland  College 

Chapter  V. — The  Publication  Cause 93 

Chapter  VI. — ^^Financial  Growth    109 

Chapter  VII. — Lay  Organizations  117 

Luther  League 

Federation  of  Men 

Chapter  VIII. — History  of  Congregations  123 

Chapter  IX.— Roll  of  Ministers 229 

Chapter  X. — Leading  Personalities  247 

Chapter  XL — Retrospective  and  Prospective    283 

Appendices    287 

1.  Ministers  Connected  with  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
from  January,  1824,  to  November,  1924. 

2.  Chronological    Record- — Officers    of    Synod    from 
the  Time  of  Its  Organization  to  Date. 

Index    311 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Page 

Frontispiece — Publication  Committee  3 

Rev.  John  Bachman,  D.D.,  LL.D 24 

Lowman   Home   39,     40 

Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps  50 

Eichelberger   Home    61 

Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D 63 

Newberry  College  73,  76,  84,     86 

Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D 77 

Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  79,     81 

Rev.  Geo.  W.  Holland,  D.D 83 

Summerland  College  88,  90,     92 

Lutheran  Publication  House  105 

St.  John's  Church,  Charleston    123,  124 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Cameron    126 

Mt.  Pleasant  Church,  Ehrhardt  129 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Pomaria  131 

Grave  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  F.  J.  Wallern  132 

Bethel  Church,  High  Hill  135 

St.  John's  Church,  Pomaria  136 

Old  Communion  Service  in  St.  John's  Church  138 

Sandy  Run  Church    140 

St.  J acob's  Church  143 

Zion  Church    144,  145 

Salem  Church  147 

St.  Peter's  Church   (Piney  Woods)   148 

St.  Nicholas'   Church    149 

Nazareth  Church    151 

St.  Peter's  Church   (Meetzes)     153 

St.  Michael's  Church   (Blue  Church)    154 

Bethlehem   Church,   Pomaria   156 

St.  Mark's  Church  1 57 

Grace  Church,  Prosperity  190 


ILLUSTRATIONS— Contmu^c^ 

Page 

Rev.  A.  R.  Rude,  D.D 249 

Rev.  J.  Hawkins,  D.D 251 

Rev.  E.  T.  Horn,  D.D.,  LL.D 254 

Mr.  Jacob  S.  Schirmer  260 

Major  P.  E.  Wise  261 

0.  B.  Mayer,  M.D 262 

Capt.  J.  C.  Seegers  268 

Capt.  Geo.  S.  Hacker    281 

Rev.  H.  J.  Black,  D.D 285 


PREFACE 

AT  the  convention  of  the  South  Carolma  Synod  held  No- 
vember 1-4,  1917,  it  was  '^Resolved,  That  the  chairman 
appoint  a  committee  to  compile  a  history  of  this  synod,  the 
same  to  be  bound  and  presented  to  this  synod  on  its  one 
hundredth  anniversary".  The  chairman  appointed  Rev.  Drs. 
S.  T.  Hallman,  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  J.  H.  Wilson,  and  Mr.  A.  H. 
Kohn.  In  1918  Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough  was  appointed  in 
place  of  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  resigned.  In  1919  the 
committee  was  reconstituted  as  follows:  Rev.  Drs.  M.  0. 
J.  Kreps,  H.  A.  McCullough,  J.  W.  Horine,  and  Messrs.  A. 
H.  Kohn  and  W.  P.  Houseal.  Rev.  Dr.  S.  T.  Hallman  was 
added  to  the  committee  in  1920  and  C.  M.  Efird,  Esq.,  in 
1922.  At  the  meeting  of  synod  in  1921  Rev.  Dr.  S.  T.  Hall- 
man was  requested  to  serve  as  editor  of  the  proposed  history 
and  this  request  was  heartily  endorsed  by  the  committee 
charged  with  the  duty  of  preparing  and  publishing  the  book. 
This  endorsement  was  readily  given  by  reason  of  the  fact 
that  Dr.  Hallman  had  been  an  active  member  of  the  synod 
for  upwards  of  fifty  years  and  was  able  to  supplement  the 
written  records  from  the  stores  of  memory.  Dr.  Hallman 
has  well  performed  his  laborious  task  and  there  are  due  to 
him  the  thanks  of  the  synod  and  of  the  historical  committee 
for  his  service  in  the  production  of  this  centennial  history. 
It  is  herewith  submitted  to  the  synod  with  the  earnest  hope 
of  those  concerned  in  its  preparation  and  publication  that  it 
will  fulfil  the  synod's  instruction  to  the  committee  and  be  a 
suitable  memorial  of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina. 

The  Committee. 


FOREWORD 

n^HE  writer  has  lived  as  a  participant  through  what  he  is 
A  firmly  persuaded  has  been  the  most  important  period 
in  the  formative  life  of  our  Southern  Lutheran  Church. 

The  time  was  when  our  Church  in  the  South  drifted  away 
from  her  rich  liturgical  heritage  and  lost  in  large  measure 
the  power  which  comes  from  a  proper  adherence  to  the  time- 
honored  customs  and  practices  of  the  Church  of  the  Refor- 
mation. 

This  was  the  result  of  the  peculiar  conditions  surround- 
ing our  people  in  the  South.  The  congregations  were  widely 
scattered;  preachers  were  few;  literature,  along  the  line  indi- 
cated, was  scarce;  and  the  rising  generation  was  therefore 
denied  the  training  necessary  to  the  appreciation  of  liturgical 
usage  and  of  our  glorious  history. 

With  the  introduction  of  the  "Book  of  Worship"  of  the 
General  Synod  in  the  South,  in  1868,  the  tide  began  to  turn. 
Discussions  in  The  Lutheran  Visitor,  in  synods  and  confer- 
ences, and  among  our  preachers  and  people,  soon  convinced 
the  membership  of  the  Southern  Lutheran  Church  that  a  veri- 
table mine  of  devotional  and  doctrinal  wealth  had  been 
opened  up  to  us,  and  that  we  were  coming  again  into  the 
possession  of  our  own  glorious  heritage. 

The  final  outcome  is  the  unification  of  our  forces,  settled 
doctrinal  positions,  and  a  pleasing  conformity  to  the  princi- 
ples and  practices  of  our  great  Church. 

And  now,  if  this  history  shall  serve  further  to  build  up 
our  people  in  "the  faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints",  and 
encourage  us  to  greater  devotion  to  God  and  loyalty  to  His 
Church,  it  will  not  have  been  written  in  vain. 

S.  T.  Hallman. 
Spartanburg,  S.  C, 
May  19,  1924. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

I  N  the  preparation  of  the  manuscript  of  this  History  of  the 
*  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina,  I  hereby 
acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  the  pastors  who  gave  valu- 
able information,  together  with  laymen  who  also  contributed 
some  material  facts  as  to  pastoral  charges;  to  C.  M.  Efird, 
Esq.,  who  furnished  sketches  of  churches  formerly  belong- 
ing to  the  Tennessee  Synod;  to  Ruth  Efird  Carroll  for  article 
on  Young  People's  Federation;  to  Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps  for 
the  history  and  work  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  and  for  valuable  matter  fur- 
nished for  the  sketches  of  women  especially  prominent  in 
our  mission  work;  to  A.  H.  Kohn  for  his  valuable  help  in 
the  development  and  execution  of  this  somewhat  difficult  task; 
to  Wm.  P.  Houseal  for  his  invaluable  help  in  handling  copy 
and  seeing  the  book  through  the  press;  to  Rev.  J.  W.  Horine, 
D.D,,  secretary  of  the  history  committee,  who  has  not  only 
given  the  benefit  of  expert  knowledge,  but  has  carefully 
handled  all  copy  and  is  giving  general  supervision  to  its 
publication;  to  Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  for  sketch  of  Sum- 
merland  College;  and  special  thanks  to  Hon.  Geo.  B.  Cromer, 
LL.D.,  and  Miss  Carolyn  Cromer,  librarian,  for  a  well  pre- 
pared roster  of  the  Faculty  of  Newberry  College  from  1868 
to  1924.  While  the  committee  could  not  well  incorporate 
the  list  in  this  volume,  it  has  been  of  great  value  in  tracing 
facts  essential  to  the  completion  of  this  history  of  the  life 
and  activities  of  the  synod. 

My  earnest  hope  and  prayer  is  that  God  will  use  our  com- 
bined labors  to  the  good  of  the  Church  and  the  glory  of  His 
Name. 

S.  T.  Hallman. 


INTRODUCTION 

\  10  history  of  any  Lutheran  synod  in  this  country  can  be 
^  ^  properly  written  without  reference  to  the  early  Lutheran 
settlers,  the  causes  which  led  to  their  coming  to  the  shores 
of  this  American  land,  and  the  principles  for  which  they 
stood. 

Every  movement  and  enterprise  involving  great  issues 
must  rest  on  tenable  grounds  and  be  actuated  by  high  and 
worthy  motives.  Otherwise  such  procedure  would  not  be 
worthy  of  our  acceptance  and  support.  Nothing  worthy  of 
a  great  soul  can  be  tolerated  that  does  not  bear  the  test  of 
reason,  sound  judgment  and  the  principles  of  Christianity. 
Starting  from  these  premises,  it  will  be  easy  to  show  that 
our  fathers  were  influenced  and  guided  by  the  purest  motives 
and  the  highest  reasons  when  their  faces  were  turned  towards 
this  country  as  an  asylum  from  the  persecutions  of  the  Fath- 
erland. The  oppressions  of  the  old  world  were  bitter  and 
prolonged.  Rome  was  not  disposed  to  yield  to  the  wishes 
of  her  Protestant  subjects,  especially  since  the  Catholics  were 
greatly  in  the  majority;  they  therefore  barely  tolerated  Prot- 
estant Christians. 

Catholic  rulers  were  generally  oppressive  in  their  treat- 
ment of  all  Protestants  and  frequently  made  their  lives  sor- 
rowful indeed.  Then  sects  came  into  being;  dissensions  and 
disputes  followed;  some  loved  their  creeds  more  than  they 
loved  God;  it  sometimes  happened  that  rulers  changed  their 
creeds  and  then  demanded  that  their  subjects  adopt  the  form 
of  confession  which  such  rulers  had  espoused. 

And  so,  as  one  authority  affirms,  "A  vast  quantity  of  human 
blood  was  shed,  countries  were  laid  waste,  cities  destroyed 
and  the  inhabitants  reduced  to  poverty  and  want." 

Under  these  most  trying  circumstances  many  devout  Lu- 
therans in  several  of  the  European  kingdoms  turned  towards 
this  "new  world"  to  escape  persecution  and  to  find  a  home 
where  they  could  worship  God,  unmolested  by  relentless  foes. 

Much  has  been  written  and  said  about  William  Penn  and 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers;  but  the  Lutherans  were  here  more  than 


18  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

forty-four  years  before  William  Penn  made  his  treaty  with 
the  Indians.  One  of  the  last  things  recommended  by  Gus- 
tavus  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden,  only  a  few  days  before  he 
fell  in  the  battle  of  Lutzen,  in  defense  of  Protestant  Chris- 
tianity, was  the  colonizing  project  so  dear  to  his  great  soul. 

Accordingly,  in  due  time  two  ships  laden  with  people, 
provisions  and  merchandise  for  traffic  with  the  Indians, 
landed  near  Cape  Henlopen  in  1638,  in  the  vicinity  of  what 
is  now  the  State  of  Delaware.  They  did  not  neglect  to  bring 
books  of  devotion  and  manuals  for  instruction  in  their  holy 
faith.  Immediately  upon  landing,  they  purchased  lands 
from  the  Indians. 

The  first  buildings  erected  were  a  fort  for  protection  and 
a  church  for  worship.  The  first  Lutheran  church  in  this 
country  was  built  at  Wilmington,  Delaware,  in  1638,  and 
the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  the  Indians  was  a  Lutheran 
preacher,  Rev.  John  Campanius,  and  the  first  book  translated 
into  the  Indian  language  was  Luther's  Catechism,  by  this 
same  missionary,  which  was  printed  in  1646. 

In  a  series  of  sermons  preached  by  Rev.  Prof.  S.  S. 
Schmucker,  D.D.,  in  1851,  we  have  the  positive  statement, 
supported  by  a  quotation  from  the  distinguished  patriarch 
Henry  Melchior  Muhlenberg,  that  Lutherans  from  Holland 
were  in  New  York  as  early  as  August,  1619.  Muhlenberg 
says,  "This  small  congregation  took  its  rise  almost  at  the 
first  settlement  of  this  country." 

Rev.  J.  C.  Kunzmann,  D.D.,  is  authority  for  the  statement 
that  Admiral  Coligny  founded  a  colony  in  Florida  in  1564, 
many  of  whom  were  Lutherans.  These,  however,  were  slain 
by  the  Spanish  General,  Menendez,  in  1665,  as  he  said, 
"Not  because  they  were  Frenchmen,  but  as  Lutherans."  Thus 
the  first  martyr  blood  shed  on  American  soil  was  Lutheran. 

Subsequently  Lutheran  people  came  from  Germany  to 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  New  York,  and  to  the 
southern  and  western  states.  In  1711  about  three  thousand 
Germans,  mostly  Lutherans,  who  had  been  sorely  oppressed 
by  Romish  intolerance,  settled  in  New  York;  in  1713,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  families  settled  in  Schoharie,  New  York. 
In  1717  a  Provincial  Council  in  Pennsylvania  called  atten- 


Introduction  19 


tion  to  the  fact,  "That  great  numbers  of  foreigners  from 
Germany,  strangers  to  our  language  and  constitution,  had 
lately  been  brought  into  the  province." 

The  tide  of  immigration  which  had  thus  set  in,  continued, 
and  our  Lutheran  people  found  their  way  into  Virginia, 
North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  into  many  other 
parts  of  the  South.  However,  in  no  record  by  historians  in 
their  chronicles  of  that  period  is  to  be  found  any  account 
of  a  body  of  Germans  (all  Lutherans)  who  came  direct  from 
Pennsylvania  and  chose  the  Dutch  Fork  section  of  Newberry 
County  as  their  permanent  abode.  In  this  respect  they  were 
distinguished  from  many  of  the  other  German  settlers  of  the 
Dutch  Fork  who  landed  at  Charleston  and  proceeded  by  vary- 
ing stages  through  Orangeburg  and  Lexington  Counties  to 
the  Dutch  Fork.  These  German  settlers  coming  directly  to 
Newberry  County  from  Pennsylvania  were  attracted  by  the 
inviting  landscape  of  the  valley  of  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers. 
As  they  reached  that  vicinity  on  their  long  journey,  being 
reminded  so  much  of  the  Fatherland  as  they  stood  on  the 
eastern  bank  of  Broad  River,  in  Fairfield  County,  they  almost 
involuntarily  determined  to  cast  their  lot  in  such  a  favored 
land.  Carrying  out  this  desire,  they  crossed  the  river  to 
Newberry  County  at  Cohoes  Falls,  the  present  site  of  the 
hydro-electric  Parr  Shoals  Power  Company. 

In  1674  Lutherans  were  located  on  the  Ashley  River, 
South  Carolina;  at  an  early  period  they  made  their  appear- 
ance in  Wilmington,  N.  C;  in  Beaufort  County,  South  Caro- 
lina, in  1732;  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1734;  the 
same  year  in  Ebenezer,  Ga.;  in  Orangeburg  County,  South 
Carolina,  in  1735;  on  Congaree  River,  South  Carolina,  in 
1737;  and  in  the  County  of  Abbeville,  South  Carolina,  in 
1763;  and  in  various  other  sections  of  the  state. 

The  religious  conditions  existing  in  Europe  in  the  early 
part  of  the  Seventeenth  century  constitute  a  sufficient  reason 
for  the  emigration  of  Lutheran  Christians.  Escape  from 
oppression  and  persecution,  combined  with  an  ardent  desire 
to  serve  and  worship  God  without  molestation,  brought  them 
to  these  friendly  shores;  and  we  thank  God  that  we  are  the 


20  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

descendants  of  a  people  who  stood  for  high  principles  and 
put  the  Triune  God  and  His  cause  above  the  things  of  this 
temporal  and  material  world. 


Chapter  I 

EARLY  HISTORY 

I  N  a  careful  study  of  the  sources  at  our  command  we  thus 
^  find  that  Lutheran  congregations  existed  in  South  Caro- 
lina as  early  as  the  middle  of  the  Eighteenth  century. 

There  was  a  small  congregation  in  Charleston  in  1750, 
and  their  first  house  of  worship  was  built  in  1756. 

In  1740  there  was  a  congregation  in  Amelia  township, 
Orangeburg  County,  and  the  churches  called  in  history  St. 
Bartholomew  and  Shiloh  existed  in  Barnwell  County  in  1750, 
and  in  the  town  of  Orangeburg  there  was  a  congregation  at 
an  even  earlier  date.  The  early  settlers  of  the  former  county 
were  mostly  German  and  Swiss  Lutherans  who  came  here  in 
1735  and  1737.  Their  first  pastor,  who  organized  a  Lutheran 
congregation,  was  Rev.  John  Ulrich  Geissendanner.  His 
labors  ended  in  death  in  the  fall  of  1738.  The  second  pas- 
tor was  the  nephew  of  the  first,  bearing  the  same  name.  He 
labored  there  ten  years  as  a  Lutheran  minister,  and  then, 
in  1749,  went  to  London  and  received  ordination  at  the  hands 
of  an  Episcopal  Bishop;  and  so,  finally,  a  Lutheran  congre- 
gation with  over  one  hundred  members  was  taken  over  by 
the  Episcopal  Church,  under  an  unjust  law  which  did  not 
allow  them  to  hold  property  without  the  so-called  "apostolic 
ordination". 

There  were  Lutherans  in  Saxe-Gotha  township,  Orange- 
burg County,  now  Lexington  County,  in  1737,  forty  years 
before  American  Independence. 

In  that  early  period  we  read  of  a  church  at  Sandy  Run 
in  1765,  and  a  little  later  of  churches  called  Zion,  near 
Saluda  River;  St.  Peter's,  about  four  miles  from  Lexington 
Court  House;  Piney  Woods;  St.  Jacob's;  St.  John's  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  Lexington  County,  and  of  others  in 
Edgefield  and  Laurens  Counties. 

Rev.  Ernest  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  is  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  seven  ministers  were  serving  these  congregations 
in  1787.    These  were  Frederick  Baser,  Christian  Theis,  J.  C. 


22  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Bamberg,  M.  Carl  Dinninger,  Frederick  Augustus  Wallburg, 
Frederick  Joseph  Wallern,  and  Carl  Frederick  Froelich. 

The  Legislature  of  South  Carolina  incorporated,  during 
its  session  in  February,  1788,  fifteen  congregations;  and 
these,  with  the  ministers  already  named,  formed  what  is 
known  in  history  as  "The  Corpus  Evangelicum".  This  or- 
ganization, however,  seems  not  to  have  lived  beyond  the  year 
1794.  Nine  of  the  churches  included  in  this  organization 
were  Lutheran,  but  the  others  were  German  Reformed,  or 
"German  Protestants",  whatever  that  meant. 

When  and  by  whom  these  churches  were  first  organized 
will  never  be  known;  for  the  learned  Dr.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  in 
his  day,  failed  to  find  any  satisfactory  record  of  their  early 
history. 

At  an  earlier  period  the  Salzburgers  were  in  Georgia, 
having  planted  a  colony  about  Springfield  in  1733.  These 
had  also  left  their  Fatherland  to  find  relief  from  the  perse- 
cutions of  Rome,  whose  leaders  sought  the  extermination  of 
all  who  favored  the  cause  of  the  Lutheran  Reformation. 

The  history  of  the  Salzburgers  forms  one  of  the  most 
interesting  stories  of  the  American  Lutheran  Church — how 
they  crossed  the  sea  on  the  same  ship  that  brought  the  famous 
John  Wesley;  their  strong  faith  and  joyous  hope  amid  a 
storm  at  sea;  the  effect  on  Mr.  Wesley,  his  subsequent  reali- 
zation of  this  hope  through  Lutheran  influence,  and  his  candid 
acknowledgment  that  they  had  a  faith  which  he  did  not  pos- 
sess. 

There  were  227  persons  on  board  the  two  ships,  27  of 
whom  were  Moravians;  the  others,  except  a  few  English, 
were  Lutherans.  In  storms  and  hurricanes,  when  others  were 
in  great  fear  and  dread  of  death,  these  adherents  of  the 
Augsburg  Confession  sang  praises  in  the  full  consciousness 
of  that  faith  which  is  the  anchor  of  the  soul,  sure  and  stead- 
fast. 

They  reached  Charleston  early  in  March,  1734,  and  on 
the  twelfth  of  March  landed  at  Savannah,  Ga.  At  Ebenezer 
they  set  up  "A  stone  of  help",  amid  prayers  and  songs  of 
rejoicing.  There,  twenty-five  miles  from  Savannah,  they 
built  a  church,  which  remains  to  this  day.     History  records 


Early  History  23 


the  fact  that  "Their  beautiful  house  of  God,  built  near  the 
Savannah  River,  was  turned  into  a  stable  for  the  horses  of 
the  British  soldiers,  and  sometimes  served  as  a  Lazaretto  for 
the  sick  and  the  wounded". 

But  God  finally  delivered  them  from  their  troubles,  and 
a  glorious  record  followed.  One  may  be  justly  proud  of 
the  claim,  "I  am  a  descendant  of  the  Salzburgers." 

The  ministers  and  churches  at  that  time  in  this  part  of  the 
South  felt  the  inconvenience  of  their  isolation,  the  great  need 
of  cooperation  and  of  a  closer  bond  of  union,  the  better  to 
accomplish  the  object  of  their  mission  as  heralds  of  the  Cross 
in  a  needy  land. 

This  naturally  led  to  the  taking  of  the  first  steps  towards 
the  organization  of  a  district  synod.     At  that  time  (1810) 
the  following  ministers  were  laboring  in  Lexington  County, 
with  one  from  Orangeburg  County: 
Rev.  John  P.  Franklow. 
Rev.  John  Y.  Metze. 
Rev.   Godfrey  Dreher. 
Rev.  Michael  Ranch. 
Rev.  Jacob  Moser. 
Rev.   Samuel  Herscher  (from  Orangeburg). 

Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  opened  the  meeting,  which  convened 
in  St.  Michael's  Church,  Lexington  County,  on  January  14, 
1824,  and  he  proceeded  to  outline  "the  rites  and  titles  which 
were  established  by  our  ancestors  in  the  year  1788,  and 
sanctioned  by  the  Government  of  the  State,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  within  the  limits  of 
its  Jurisdiction". — This  reference  to  "rites  and  titles  estab- 
lished by  our  ancestors",  and  the  "sanction  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  State",  has  evident  allusion  to  the  agreement 
entered  into  by  "The  Corpus  Evangelicum"  in  1787  and 
1788,  and  to  the  articles  of  the  constitution  adopted  by  that 
body,  August  12,  1788.  That  organization,  though  not  ideal, 
was  nevertheless  an  important  step  towards  the  formation 
of  our  synod. 

The  lay  delegates  present  at  the  initial  session  of  the  synod 
were:  John  Dreher,  Sr.,  St.  Michael's  Church;  George  Lind- 
ler,  St.  John's  Church;  Christopher  Wiggers,  Bethel  Church; 


24  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Samuel  Oswald,  Salem  Church,  and  Henry  Bookhardt, 
Orangeburg  County, 

Rev.  Samuel  Herscher  was  ordained,  and  Rev.  John  C.  A. 
Schoenberg,  from  Pennsylvania,  was  licensed. 

Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  was  elected  president  and  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Herscher  secretary,  and  at  the  next  convention,  November 
18,  1824,  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  was  elected  treasurer,  and 
Rev.  John  Bachman  president. 


REV.    JOHN    BACHMAN,    D.D.,    LL.D. 


Thus  the  organization  of  the  synod  was  completed  at  the 
second  session  in  St.  John's  Church,  Lexington  County,  South 
Carolina,  November  18,  1824.  At  this  session  the  names 
of  Rev.  John  Bachman,  from  Charleston,  and  Rev.  C.  F. 
Bergman,  from  Ebenezer,  Georgia,  appear  on  the  roll  of 
ministers,  and  the  lay  delegates  were:  Capt.  J.  H.  Margart, 
Charleston;  George  Rast,  Santee,  Orangeburg  County;  Jacob 
Kelly,  Zion,  Lexington  County;  Samuel  Oswald,  Salem,  Lex- 


Early  History  25 


ington  County;  Jacob  Rauch,  St.  Peter's,  Lexington  County; 
John  Counts,  St.  John's,  Lexington  County;  Herman  Aull, 
Bethlehem,  Lexington  County;  Samuel  Wingard,  Nazareth, 
Lexington  County;  John  Bouknight,  Bethlehem,  Newberry 
County. 

The  synod  was  now  made  up  of  eight  ministers  and  nine 
delegates: 

Rev.  John  Bachman,  President. 

Rev.   Godfrey  Dreher,  Treasurer. 

Rev.  Samuel  Herscher,  Secretary. 

The  roll  of  churches  was  as  follows:  Santee  congregation; 
Salem;  St.  Paul's,  Newberry;  St.  Peter's,  Piney  Woods;  St. 
Michael's;  Bethlehem,  Broad  River;  Zion;  St.  Jacob's;  St. 
John's;  Bethel;  Bethlehem,  Newberry;  St.  Peter's,  Meetze's; 
and  St.  Paul's,  Hollow  Creek. 

At  this  convention  the  first  parochial  table  appears,  giving 
as  the  membership  of  the  churches  a  total  of  251;  the  first 
delegate  to  the  North  Carolina  Synod  was  elected  in  the  per- 
son of  Rev.  Samuel  Herscher;  catechization  was  urged;  and 
the  first  note  was  sounded  in  the  interest  of  home  missions. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  churches  from  southern  states 
other  than  South  Carolina  were  to  be  included  in  the  organ- 
ization, the  title  adopted  was,  "The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Synod  of  South  Carolina  and  Adjacent  States." 

It  will  now  readily  be  seen  that  the  synod  was  fully  organ- 
ized by  November,  1824,  and  began  a  historic  life  which 
is  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation,  and  which  will  be 
more  fully  sketched  under  appropriate  headings. 


Chapter  II 

DOCTRINAL  HISTORY 

j  T  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  years  preceding  the 
^  organization  of  the  synod  were  days  which  tried  men's 
souls;  and  while  some  were  weak  in  the  faith,  they  were  not 
necessarily  or  intentionally  opposed  to  the  faith.  Theologi- 
cal training  and  scholarship  were  not  up  to  our  present 
standard,  nor  were  our  people  so  well  educated  as  in  this 
age  of  general  and  special  knowledge.  The  exigencies  of 
that  period  of  spiritual  destitution  often  made  it  necessary 
to  put  men  in  the  pastoral  office  whose  education  was  ex- 
tremely limited,  and  they  could  hardly  be  expected  to  grasp 
the  finer  shades  of  doctrine  easily  apprehended  by  the  thor- 
oughly trained  mind.  And  yet  many  of  the  fathers  were 
spiritual  giants,  well  grounded  in  the  Scriptures  and  in  the 
Confessions  of  the  Church. 

At  the  first  convention  of  the  synod,  by  resolution,  "the 
Augsburg  Confession  of  Faith"  was  made  "the  point  of  union 
in  our  churches";  and  no  reference  whatever  was  made  to 
any  modified  acceptance  of  the  Confession  or  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  Very  few  ministers  had  access  to  the  Symbol- 
ical Books  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church;  and  not  until 
the  learned  and  distinguished  Dr.  Socrates  Henkel  published 
the  Book  of  Concord  in  1851,  did  any  of  our  ministers  pos- 
sess an  English  copy  of  our  Confessions. 

The  synod  at  its  first  session  adopted  the  following  rule: 
"Every  candidate  for  ordination  to  this  synod  should  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  phraseology,  doctrines  and  books  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  evidences  of  Christianity;  that 
he  should  be  able  to  read  the  Scriptures  in  their  original 
languages,  and  also  have  a  knowledge  of  the  German  lan- 
guage; and  that  he  should  have  a  competent  knowledge  of 
natural  and  moral  philosophy,  and  Church  history;  and,  in 
particular,  of  the  peculiar  doctrines  of  the  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran Church." 

An  exception  of  some  branches  of  learning  was  made,  pro- 
vided the  candidate  applying  "possessed  qualifications  pecu- 
liarly fitting  him  for  the  Gospel  Ministrv". 


28  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

As  further  evidence  of  the  synod's  insistence  on  "Order 
and  Sound  Doctrine",  we  find  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Min- 
isterium  of  1833  a  firm  deliverance  against  "such  practices 
as  are  not  in  harmony  with  the  established  forms  and  usages 
of  our  venerable  and  beloved  Church". 

As  far  back  as  1831  the  synod  went  on  record  as  a  con- 
stitutional body  and  provided  for  a  general  form  of  Church 
Discipline. 

Having  previously  adopted  the  Augsburg  Confession  of 
Faith  as  their  point  of  union,  the  Holy  Scriptures  as  their 
rule  of  faith  and  practice,  and  insisting  that  all  candidates 
for  ordination  should  have  "a  competent  knowledge  of  the 
peculiar  doctrines  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church",  the 
synod  seems  to  have  regarded  that  as  a  sufficient  doctrinal 
basis.  Nor  is  the  fact  surprising  when  we  duly  consider  the 
peculiar  circumstances  surrounding  these  scattered  Lutherans. 
It  was  doubtless  taken  for  granted  that  all  confirmed  Lu- 
therans had  been  duly  instructed  in  the  word  of  God  and 
the  doctrines  of  the  Church.  Later  on,  however,  when  con- 
ditions demanded  it,  clearer  doctrinal  statements  were  made 
from  time  to  time,  and  the  synod  finally  adopted  the  follow- 
ing doctrinal  basis: 

The  Doctrinal  Basis. 

(a)  This  Synod  receives  and  holds  the  canonical  Scriptures  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments  as  the  inspired  Word  of  God,  and 
as  the  only  infallible  rule  and  standard  of  faith  and  practice, 
according  to  which  all  doctrines  and  teachers  are  to  be  judged. 

(b)  This  Synod  accepts  the  three  ecumenical  creeds — namely,  the 
Apostles',  the  Nicene  and  the  Athanasian — as  important  testi- 
monies drawn  from  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  rejects  all  errors 
which  they  condemn. 

(c)  This  Synod  receives  and  holds  the  Unaltered  Augsburg  Con- 
fession as  a  correct  exhibition  of  the  faith  and  doctrine  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  founded  upon  the  Word  of  God; 
and  acknowledges  all  churches  that  sincerely  hold  and  faith- 
fully confess  the  doctrines  of  the  Unaltered  Augsburg  Confes- 
sion to  be  entitled  to  the  name  of  Evangelical  Lutheran. 

(d)  This  Synod  recognizes  tlie  Apology  of  the  Augsburg  Confes- 
sion, the  Smalkald  Articles,  the  Large  and  Small  Catechisms 
of  Luther  and  the  Formula  of  Concord,  as  in  the  harmony  of 
one  and  the  same  pure  scriptural  faith. 


Doctrinal  History  29 


About  the  year  1835,  and  subsequently,  unfortunate  mis- 
understandings came  into  the  life  of  the  synod  and  of  our 
Southern  Church,  which  form  the  only  real  shadow  in  our 
historic  life.  Doctrinal  issues  were  injected  into  it,  but  at 
the  beginning  of  that  sad  controversy,  it  was  not  a  question 
of  doctrine.  The  persons  with  whom  the  trouble  began  be- 
longed to  this  synod,  and  their  doctrinal  views  and  practices 
were  the  same.*  We  thank  God  that  in  His  own  time  and 
through  His  mercy  the  storm-cloud  passed  away,  and  the 
most  beautiful  harmony  now  pervades  the  life  of  our  beloved 
Church. 

^  *****  * 

The  following  action  of  the  synod,  taken  at  its  convention 
in  1922,  marks  the  consummation  of  the  reunion  long  desired 
and  devoutly  prayed  for,  and  naturally  filled  every  heart 
with  deep  gratitude  to  God.  When  the  nineteen  delegates 
from  the  congregations  received,  and  their  pastors,  sur- 
rounded the  chancel  and  were  joyfully  welcomed  by  the 
whole  synod,  the  scene  was  very  touching  and  will  linger 
throughout  life  in  the  minds  of  all  who  were  present. 

Report  of  Commission  to  Confer  with  the  South  Carolina 

Conference  of  the  United  Synod  of 

North  Carolina. 

Your  Commission  held  a  meeting  with  the  Committee  repre- 
senting the  South  Carolina  Coriference  of  the  United  North  Caro- 
lina Synod.  It  was  evident  that  the  time  had  come  when  all  the 
congregations  in  this  state  were  ready  to  hold  membership  in  one 
synodical  body.  Methods  of  transfer  were  discussed  and  plans 
arranged  for  the  consummation  of  this  transfer  at  this  conven- 
tion of  our  synod.  The  congregations  represented  by  this  Com- 
mittee have  submitted  letters  of  dismissal  from  the  United  North 
Carolina  Synod  together  with  application  for  membership  in  this 
body.  Copies  of  congregational  constitutions  accompany  these 
applications,  the  same  having  been  considered  and  approved  by 
your  Commission.     We  would  recommend  the  following: 

1.  That  these  congregations  be  now  accepted  into   full   member- 
ship in  this  synod. 


*One  of  the  pastors  of  this  synod  and  several  congregations  withdrew  from  the 
Synod  and  later  connected  themselves  with  the  Tennessee  Synod,  which  synod  sub- 
sequently merged  with  the   Synod  of  North   Carolina. 


30  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


2.  That  the  pastors  serving  these  congregations  be  received  and 
their  names  placed  on   our  clerical   roll. 

3.  That  as  a  synod  we  express  our  gratitude  to  God  for  His  guid- 
ance in  bringing  us  to  this  happy  issue,  by  engaging  in  a 
special   service  of  thanksgiving. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

C.  A.  Freed, 
V.  Y.  Boozer, 
Chas.  J.  Shealy, 
S.  J.  Derrick. 

The  report  was  adopted  unanimously  and  in  the  special 
service  which  was  held  the  greetings  of  the  synod  were  ex- 
tended to  the  nineteen  congregations  by  Dr.  S.  J.  Derrick; 
response  was  made  by  Judge  C.  M.  Efird. 

The  applications  of  the  following  congregations  with  the 
accredited  representative  of  each  congregation  were  pre- 
sented : 

Congregation.  Representative. 

St.  John's  John  A.  Summer 

Mt.  Hermon  M.  N.  Kleckley 

Zion C.  M.  Efird 

St.  Thomas'  J.  C.  Fulmer 

St.  Jacob's  R.  F.  Cumulander 

Cedar  Grove  J.  Ansel  Caughman 

St.  James'  R.   E.  Shealy 

St.  Paul's  J.  L.  Sease 

Grace  .^. E.  C.  Davis 

Holy  Trinity Fred  G.  Hartley 

St.  John's  G.  0.  Schumpert 

Emmanuel's   Marshall    Roof 

Pilgrim  D.  F.  Efird 

St.  Peter's  G.  B.  Wingard 

Mt.  Tabor P.  I.  Sox 

St.  Andrew's  J.  0.  Eargle 

Bethlehem  C.  H.  Bouknight 

Mt.  Horeb  W.  A.  Ballentine 

St.  Peter's,  Chapin  L.  B.  Frick 

By  motion  the  representatives  were  received  as  commis- 
sioners and  given  the  privilege  of  the  floor.  By  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  synod  the  congregations  were  received  into 
the  synod  and  their  respective  commissioners  were  declared 
members  of  synod. 


Doctrinal  History  31 

By  motion,  Revs.  W.  H.  Riser,  W.  D.  Wise,  R.  M.  Car- 
penter, H.  A.  Kistler  and  J.  M.  Senter,  pastors  of  the  congre- 
gations just  received  into  the  synod,  were  unanimously  re- 
ceived and  their  names  placed  on  the  clerical  roll  of  the 
synod. 


Chapter  III 

MISSIONARY  HISTORY 

THE  missionary  history  of  the  synod  begins  with  the  second 
convention,  held  November  18,  1824,  A  strong  desire 
was  expressed  for  the  appointment  of  a  missionary  to  be 
sent  to  the  vacant  and  destitute  congregations  in  the  synod, 
and  in  other  states.  This,  however,  had  to  be  deferred  with 
regret,  because  of  a  lack  of  funds,  until  the  next  convention 
of  synod,  at  which  time  the  same  need  was  felt  and  consid- 
ered. At  the  fourth  convention,  November  24,  1826,  Rev. 
John  Bachman  sounded  the  keynote  in  a  sermon  on  the 
"Macedonian  cry",  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  engage 
two  missionaries  of  this  synod.  Accordingly  Mr.  J,  D. 
Scheck  was  secured  and  licensed  to  perform  ministerial  acts; 
he  was  therefore  the  synod's  first  regularly  constituted  Home 
Missionary.  Several  ministers  statedly  visited  destitute  con- 
gregations, and  thus  the  urgent  need  was  temporarily  met. 

Mr.  Henry  Muller,  reporting  for  the  mission  committee, 
most  highly  commended  the  work  of  Rev.  J.  D.  Scheck  and 
said,  "In  two  months  the  missionary  rode  nearly  nine  hun- 
dred miles,  preached  forty-seven  sermons,  and  baptized 
twenty-six  persons." 

A  Committee  on  Missions  was  therefore  constituted  early 
in  the  life  of  the  synod  and  soon  became  an  established 
part  of  the  work  of  this  body.  As  far  as  we  can  gather 
from  the  records,  the  first  committee  appointed  to  serve  for 
the  ensuing  year  was  in  November,  1827;  and  this  action 
established  a  precedent  which  has  prevailed  to  the  present 
day. 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  state  that  the  first  committee  ap- 
pointed for  annual  service  was  Messrs.  Dreher,  Caughman, 
Muller,  Metze  and  Haltiwanger  (initials  not  in  the  record). 

The  missionary  spirit  of  the  synod  continued  to  grow  and 
in  1837  led  to  the  formation  of  a  Synodical  Society,  with 
officers  separate  and  distinct  from  those  of  the  synod.  This 
was  styled,  "The  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Synod 
of  South  Carolina  and  Adjacent  States,"  and  it  cooperated 


34  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

with  a  similar  society  of  the  General  Synod  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States, 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  had  united  with  the  said  Gen- 
eral Synod  in  1833,  under  such  restrictions  as  left  the  South 
Carolina  Synod  free  in  the  legislation  of  its  own  affairs,  and 
in  the  maintenance  of  our  own  Theological  Seminary. 

Under  this  synodical  arrangement  our  district  synod 
through  a  series  of  years  made  contributions  to  the  foreign 
work  through  cooperation  with  the  said  General  Synod,  re- 
serving the  right  to  enter  any  foreign  field  that  Providence 
should  open  up  to  us.* 

The  officers  of  this  Synodical  Missionary  Society  were 
elected  as  follows:  Jacob  F.  Mintzing,  President;  Dr.  J. 
Bachman,  Mr.  W.  Caughman  and  Mr.  T.  Purse,  Vice-Pres- 
idents; Dr.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Mr. 
Joseph  Wingard,  Treasurer;  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope,  G.  Halti- 
wanger,  W.  Berly,  L.  Bedenbaugh,  and  Messrs.  H.  Muller, 
J.  Eichelberger  and  T.  Schuler,  Executive  Committee. 

This  society  continued  to  do  effective  mission  work  up 
to  1873,  when,  upon  the  adoption  of  a  new  constitution,  the 
synod  in  its  organic  law  regulated  all  the  committees  and 
funds  coming  into  its  treasury. 

An  Executive  Committee  on  Missions  was  therefore  made 
responsible  for  the  missionary  operations  of  the  synod  dur- 
ing the  interim  of  its  regular  conventions;  and  this  com- 
mittee has  grown  in  efficiency  and  importance  until  it  has 
long  since  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  agencies  in  the 
work  of  the  synod. 

It  is  a  matter  of  historic  interest  to  record  the  fact  that 
this  synod  as  far  back  as  1841  took  an  active  part  in  the 
establishment  and  support  of  the  Guntur  Mission,  India,  un- 
der Father  Heyer.  This  synod  in  1841,  through  the  For- 
eign Missionary  Society  of  the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  contrib- 
uted $696.04,  and  this  money  was  used  in  the  erection  of 
a  mission  house.  Other  sums  were  subsequently  given  for 
"the  completion  of  the  missionary  buildings",  and  were  so 
acknowledged  by  Father  Heyer  himself.     It  will  thus  be  seen 


*(See  Minutes  of  1833,  pp.   11-13.) 
(See  Minutes  of  1837,  pp.     9-13.) 


Missionary  History  35 

that  the  Guntiir  Mission  is  interwoven  into  the  life  of  this 
synod,  and  that  we  were  contributors  to  its  early  life  and 
success.* 

In  1845,  Rev.  John  Bachman,  then  president  of  the  synod, 
gave  credentials  to  Boston  Drayton,  a  colored  man,  to  go  as 
a  missionary  to  Africa.  Nor  has  this  synod  ever  faltered 
in  its  efforts  to  aid  in  the  world's  evangelization. 

This  synod  entered  upon  what  may  be  called  the  greatest 
stage  of  its  home  and  foreign  mission  activities  when  its 
women  and  children  were  organized  into  societies  for  in- 
creased interest  in  the  work  of  missions.  This  movement 
was  carried  on  largely  by  Rev.  W.  P.  Swartz  in  1884  and 
1885,  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Home  and  For- 
eign Missions  and  Church  Extension  of  the  United  Synod 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the  South. 

The  Board  reported  that  about  forty  auxiliary  societies 
had  been  organized,  with  nearly  one  thousand  members,  some 
sixty  children's  foreign  missionary  societies,  and  four  syn- 
odical  societies. 

The  organizing  operations  of  Rev.  W.  P.  Swartz,  the  mis- 
sionary-elect, ended  early  in  July,  1885,  and  on  the  twelfth 
of  that  month  he  left  New  York  for  Guntur,  India,  the  fare- 
well meeting  being  held  in  Grace  Church,  Winchester,  Va., 
July  6,  1885.  The  missionary  reached  India,  October,  1885, 
but  by  April  27,  1887,  he  had  returned  to  this  country,  and 
on  August  31  he  resigned,  and  subsequently  united  with 
another  denomination. 

The  Board  of  Missions  of  the  United  Synod  at  that  time 
was  made  up  wholly  of  ministers  and  laymen  from  South 
Carolina,  five  of  the  seven  being  members  of  this  synod  and 
thus  linking  us  very  closely  with  the  foreign  mission  work. 
Japan  now  became  the  objective  of  the  Board.  Rev.  James 
A.  B.  Scherer  was  called,  and  examined  by  a  committee  of 
the  South  Carolina  Synod,  upon  recommendation  of  the 
United  Synod's  Board.  He  was  ordained  in  St.  John's 
Church,  Charleston,  November  22,  1891,  and  sailed  for 
Japan  February  4,  1892. 


•(See  Minutes  of   1841,   p.   33;   1848,   pp.   36-37;    1844,   pp.    11,20,32.) 


36  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  this  synod,  through  all  of 
its  history,  has  been  an  active  participant  in  the  foreign  mis- 
sion work  of  our  Southern  Church  and  has  been  a  liberal 
supporter  of  all  our  missionary  enterprises.  From  her  ranks 
other  mission  workers  have  gone  to  Japan;  and  her  prayers 
and  contributions  are  still  going  out  to  the  land  of  the  Rising 
Sun. 

It  will  be  of  historic  interest  to  state  that  Miss  Alice  M. 
Wulbem,  of  Charleston,  and  Miss  Lottie  Wyse,  of  Columbia, 
married  missionaries  and  accompanied  their  husbands  to  the 
foreign  field  (Japan) — Miss  Alice  Wulbern  as  Mrs.  Arthur 
J.  Stirewalt  and  Miss  Lottie  Wyse  as  Mrs.  Clarence  E.  Nor- 
man. Two  daughters  of  congregations  connected  with  the 
synod  went  out  as  missionaries  to  the  foreign  field  and  be- 
came wives  of  missionaries,  Miss  Gertrude  Simpson,  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  J.  A.  Simpson,  of  Prosperity,  becoming  the  wife 
of  Rev.  G.  C.  Leonard,  in  the  Muhlenberg  Mission,  Mon- 
rovia, Liberia,  West  Africa,  and  Miss  Mary  Lou  Bowers, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Bowers,  of  Newberry, 
becoming  the  wife  of  Rev.  L.  G.  Gray,  in  the  Japan  Mission, 
Kumamoto. 

Inner   Missions 

The  work  of  the  Inner  Mission  is  of  comparatively  recent 
establishment  in  this  country.  It  is  commonly  known  as 
"the  ministry  of  mercy".  This  ministry,  a  revival  of  early 
Christian  practice,  arose  in  the  Evangelical  Church  of  Ger- 
many toward  the  end  of  the  Eighteenth  and  early  in  the 
Nineteenth  centuries.  The  names  of  Theodor  Fliedner  and 
Johann  Heinrich  Wichern  are  associated  with  its  inception 
and  development.  Transplanted  to  this  country,  the  Inner 
Mission  has  been  gaining  an  enlarging  sphere  of  service, 
especially  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  this  work  of  mercy 
the  South  Carolina  Synod  also  has  a  part.  Two  Inner  Mis- 
sion institutions  are  located  on  its  territory,  in  one  of  which 
the  synod  has  a  share  in  the  way  of  ownership  and  support. 

Franks  Home. 
The  Franke  Home  at  Charleston,  although  not  an  institu- 
tion of  the  Synod  of  South  Carolina,  is  located  on  the  terri- 


Missionary  History  37 

tory  of  the  synod  and  is  doing  a  most  beneficent  work.  The 
Home  was  made  possible  by  a  bequest  of  about  $33,000, 
made  in  his  will  by  the  late  C.  D,  Franke,  of  Charleston,  to 
establish  "The  Jacob  Washington  Franke  Lutheran  Hospital 
and  Home"  in  memory  of  his  deceased  son,  Jacob  Wash- 
ington Franke.  The  bequest  was  made  to  the  pastors  of  the 
Lutheran  churches  of  Charleston  "in  trust  for  the  erection, 
maintenance  and  support  of  a  Hospital  and  Home  for  the 
indigent  sick  in  the  City  of  Charleston,  to  be  built,  and 
erected,  maintained  and  supported  by  any  Association,  So- 
ciety or  Institution  that  may  hereafter  be  incorporated  by 
an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina  as 
and  for  such  Hospital  and  Home".  The  contemplated  cor- 
poration was  chartered  in  December,  1892,  under  the  name 
of  "The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Charities  Society  of  Charles- 
ton, S.  C."  The  act  of  incorporation  was  amended  in  1896, 
and  the  members  of  the  Society  in  the  new  act  are  named  as 
the  pastors  of  the  Lutheran  churches  of  Charleston  and  two 
representatives  of  each  of  said  churches,  chosen  annually  by 
the  respective  congregations.  The  control  and  management 
of  the  Home  is  in  the  hands  of  this  Society,  with  which,  to 
supplement  the  income,  is  affiliated  an  auxiliary  organiza- 
tion, whose  members  contribute  at  least  one  dollar  per  an- 
num. Anyone  contributing  at  least  one  hundred  dollars  is 
entitled  to  life  membership.  Under  the  administration  of 
this  Lutheran  Charities  Society  the  Franke  Home  has  ren- 
dered and  is  rendering  a  blessed  service. 

The  Lowman  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Helpless. 

In  the  year  1910  Mrs.  Malissa  Lowman  of  White  Rock, 
S.  C,  who  had  been  left  a  widow  with  three  incurable  invalid 
children,  offered  her  entire  estate  for  the  founding  and  main- 
tenance of  a  home  for  the  aged  and  helpless.  This  offer 
was  first  made  to  the  State  of  South  Carolina  and  was  de- 
clined. Then  the  offer  was  made  to  the  Lutheran  Synod  of 
South  Carolina,  and  was  accepted  in  1911.  The  gift  con- 
sisted of  approximately  one  thousand  acres  of  land,  lying 
between  White  Rock  and  Ballentine,  a  lot  each  in  the  towns 
of  White  Rock  and  Chapin,  and  cash  to  an  amount  between 


38  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

$1,500  and  $2,000.  The  Church  bound  itself  to  maintain 
an  institution  for  the  care  of  the  aged  and  afflicted  in  per- 
petuity, to  take  care  of  Mrs.  Lowman  and  her  children  as 
long  as  they  should  live,  and  to  sell  none  of  the  land  within 
thirty-three  years  from  the  date  of  the  deed. 

For  a  short  time  after  the  transfer  of  this  property  Mrs. 
Lowman  remained  at  her  old  home  and  her  care  and  the 
affairs  of  the  estate  were  looked  after  by  Mr.  James  Shealy, 
a  neighbor,  representing  the  synod.  The  money  given  by 
Mrs.  Lowman  was  designated  as  a  nucleus  of  a  fund  for  the 
beginning  of  a  training  institution  for  deaconesses,  to  be 
used  for  other  purposes  until  such  time  as  the  Church  might 
determine  to  begin  that  work.  This  provision  was  largely 
due  to  the  influence  of  Rev.  C.  E.  Weltner,  D.D.  The  major 
gift  was  made  to  the  Church  through  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever, 
D.D.,  who  was  then  editor  of  the  Lutheran  Church  Visitor, 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Boards  of  the  institution  from 
the  beginning  until  the  writing  of  this  sketch,  and  is  the  pres- 
ent president  of  the  Board. 

The  first  superintendent  of  the  Home  was  Rev.  W.  P.  Cline, 
D.D.,  who  retired  on  account  of  ill  health  at  the  beginning  of 
1923,  after  having  served  for  a  period  of  nearly  ten  years. 
During  Dr.  Cline's  administration  two  residences  were  built 
at  White  Rock,  a  third  one  begun  and  a  barn  erected.  The 
farms  were  operated  with  varying  success,  and  a  number  of 
needy  people  were  cared  for,  some  until  taken  by  death  and 
some  for  short  periods.  At  no  time  were  there  more  than 
five  or  six  persons  under  care.  The  Church,  during  this 
period,  made  very  small  and  irregular  contributions  to  the 
institution;  the  income  from  farm  operations  was  small  and 
uncertain,  and  no  program  of  expansion  seemed  possible. 

In  1914  the  South  Carolina  Synod  offered  the  institution 
to  the  United  Synod  in  the  South.  The  offer  was  approved. 
In  1915  the  South  Carolina  Synod  took  the  necessary  legal 
steps  to  transfer  the  property,  and  upon  the  presentation  of 
deed  and  other  necessary  papers  to  the  United  Synod  at 
its  meeting  in  1916  the  transfer  was  effected.  Following  the 
Merger  of  the  United  Synod  into  the  United  Lutheran  Church 
in  America,  the  institution  was  transferred  again  to  the  dis- 


LOWMAN    HOME 


40  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

trict  synods  in  the  South,  formerly  belonging  to  the  United 
Synod  in  the  South.  In  1924  a  charter  was  secured  from 
the  state  of  South  Carolina. 

At  the  beginning  of  1923  Mr.  C.  E.  Hotinger  took  charge 
as  superintendent,  and  a  definite  program  of  expansion  was 
begun.  The  first  of  the  permanent  buildings  has  since  been 
completed,  old  buildings  have  been  repaired,  renovated,  re- 
painted and  refurnished.  Plumbing  and  electric  lights  have 
been  installed.     Farming  operations  have  been  extended  and 


LOWMAN    HOME    FAMILY 


improved.  The  raising  of  poultry  has  been  successfully 
inaugurated,  and  other  advances  made.  The  number  of  per- 
sons under  care  has  been  increased  to  15,  the  present  capac- 
ity of  equipment,  and  the  interest  of  the  Church  at  large  has 
been  secured  in  greatly  increased  measure.  This  institu- 
tion, already  of  inestimable  service,  promises  to  grow  into 
one  of  the  greatest  of  the  contributions  of  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  to  the  Church  at  large. 


Missionary  History  41 

Woman's  Synodical   Missionary  Society   of  South 
Carolina— 1885-1923 

To  begin  the  story  of  Woman's  Missionary  organization  in 
the  South  Carolina  Synod,  we  must  travel  back  through  the 
intervening  years  and  wake  the  year  1885  from  its  long  sleep 
in  the  arms  of  the  past. 

To  make  vocal  the  story  of  a  still  earlier  past  would  be 
to  tell  the  history  of  a  period  of  time  when  the  missionary 
spirit  of  the  Church  was  at  "low  tide",  and  the  definition  of 
such  work  would  be  that  of  a  faithful  pioneer-preacher  on 
horseback,  riding  from  thirty  to  seventy-five  miles  to  preach 
the  Gospel  to  the  pastorless  churches  of  the  highways  and  by- 
ways of  our  own  state. 

Into  this  "wilderness"  of  struggle  for  local  self-support 
came  the  "voice"  of  Rev.  W.  P.  Swartz,  missionary-elect  to 
India,  bringing  to  the  women  of  the  Church  the  message, 
"The  Master  hath  come,  and  is  calling  for  thee."  His  story 
of  the  wrongs  of  heathen  womanhood  and  their  need  of  the 
Saviour  touched  the  chord  of  womanly  sympathy  and  met 
with  quick  response.  At  his  suggestion  and  under  his  direc- 
tion, women's  missionary  societies  were  organized  in  the 
churches  he  visited,  wherever  possible. 

The  power  of  direction  and  control  of  these  scattered  so- 
cieties was  in  the  hands  of  a  committee  of  the  synod,  and 
at  the  synodical  meeting  in  1885,  Revs.  J.  Steck  and  J.  Haw- 
kins, the  members  of  this  committee,  made  report  on  the 
women's  missionary  societies.  In  this  report  the  following 
list  of  organized  societies  is  given: 

Grace  Church,  Prosperity. 

St.  Luke's  and  Colony,  Prosperity. 

Luther  Chapel,  Newberry. 

Ebenezer,  Columbia. 

St.  Paul's,  Bethlehem,  and  St.  Philip's,  Pomaria. 

St.  Matthew's,  Orangeburg. 

St.  Andrew's  and  St.  Stephen's,  Lexington. 

Good  Hope,  Leesville. 

Mt.   Calvary,   Johnston. 

St.  John's,  Calk's  Road. 


42  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Bethel,  Lexington  County. 

Pine  Grove  and  Trinity,  Orangeburg  County. 

For  ihe  wonderful  progress  made  in  so  brief  a  time,  the 
committee  commends  the  zeal  of  the  women  and  bids  them 
"God-speed  in  their  work  so  well  begun". 

The  money  gathered  from  these  young  organizations 
totaled  $436.50.  We  set  up  this  report  in  the  minutes  of 
the  synod,  October,  1885,  as  the  first  milestone  in  organ- 
ized missionary  activity,  for  the  reason  that  nine  months 
prior  to  this  time,  on  February  3,  1885,  representatives  of 
these  first  societies  met  in  Luther  Chapel,  Newberry,  and 
effected  an  organization  for  state-wide  extension  work  under 
the  name  of  "The  Synodical  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  of  South  Carolina". 

At  this  meeting  officers  were  duly  elected  as  follows: 

President,  Mrs.  J.  Steck;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  P.  Rob- 
ertson, Mrs.  T.  W.  Holloway,  Mrs.  Jacob  Epting;  Record- 
ing Secretary,  Miss  Laura  E.  McFall;  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary, Miss  Kate  Mayer;    Treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Holland. 

The  purpose  of  this  organized  committee  to  blaze  a  widen- 
ing trail  of  missionary  activity  is  positively  set  forth  in  the 
second  item  of  the  constitution  adopted  at  this  time,  which 
reads:  "It  shall  be  the  aim  of  this  Society  to  promote  the 
organization  of  Auxiliary  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  So- 
cities  in  all  the  churches  of  the  synod;  to  disseminate  mis- 
sionary intelligence;  to  cultivate  a  missionary  spirit,  and  to 
engage  and  unite  the  efforts  of  Christian  women,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  United  Synod  South, 
in  supporting  missions  and  missionaries  in  the  home  and  for- 
eign fields  of  our  Church."  By  the  fruits  of  the  years,  evi- 
dence is  given  that  this  object  has  been  fully  realized. 

A  resolution  to  hold  an  annual  convention  at  or  near  the 
time  and  place  of  the  meeting  of  synod  was  adopted,  and  at 
the  further  meetings  of  this  Executive  Committee  in  1885,  the 
plans  and  program  for  this  prospective  initial  convention 
were  discussed  and  matured. 

Since  the  functioning  of  this  Executive  Committee  gave 
life  and  direction  to  the  women's  missionary  work  in  South 


Missionary  History  43 

Carolina,  it  must  be  crowned  as  the  "mother"  of  the  move- 
ment, and  the  birthday  of  organized  activity  must  be  traced 
back  to  the  year  1885,  as  a  memorial  tribute  to  those  brave 
pioneer  women  who  now  "rest  from  their  labors",  while 
"their  works  do  follow  them". 

On  the  foundation  stone  of  the  preliminary  work  so  cour- 
ageously accomplished,  against  almost  overwhelming  odds, 
in  1885  was  built  the  first  actual  convention  of  women  mis- 
sionary workers  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  South  Carolina. 
This  meeting  was  held  in  Luther  Chapel,  Newberry,  October 
11,  1886. 

Because  of  failing  health  and  removal,  Mrs.  J.  Steck,  prior 
to  this  time,  had  resigned  the  office  of  president,  and  her 
mantle  had  fallen  on  the  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  P.  Robert- 
son. Miss  Lelia  G.  Rives  had  also  succeeded  Miss  Kate 
Mayer  as  corresponding  secretary. 

There  were  present  at  this  meeting,  besides  the  eight  offi- 
cers and  members  of  the  executive  committee,  eleven  dele- 
gates, representing  nine  societies,  a  total  of  nineteen  in  at- 
tendance. A  notable  fact  is  that  all  of  these  first  mission- 
ary societies  represented,  with  three  exceptions,  were  in  New- 
berry County;  the  exceptions  being  Orangeburg,  Lexington 
and  Columbia. 

The  opening  devotional  service  of  this  first  annual  conven- 
tion was  conducted  by  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins,  D.D.  The  first 
address  of  welcome  was  made  by  Mrs.  A.  B.  McMackin;  the 
response  by  Miss  Lillian  Luther.  The  first  life  membership 
recorded  was  Mrs.  M.  C.  Rawl  of  Lexington,  and  the  first 
president's  message  was  given  by  Mrs.   P.  Robertson. 

In  Item  2  of  this  message  one  can  "read  between  the 
lines"  the  discouraging  apathy  and  opposition  which  these 
early  workers  had  to  face  and  overcome  in  the  pathetic  para- 
graph: "I  recommend,  also,  that  we  urge  upon  our  pas- 
tors the  importance  of  our  work  and  beg  that  they  will  give 
us  their  assistance  and  hearty  co-operation,  presenting  our 
claims  more  often  and  rendering  all  possible  aid." 

Mrs.  Robertson  served  the  society  officially  for  two  years, 
and  the  work  under  her  leadership  developed  so  encourag- 
ingly that  in  her  report  in   1887,  she  makes  special   men- 


44  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


tion  of  St.  Matthew's  Society,  Orangeburg  County,  Rev.  J. 
H.  Wilson,  pastor,  which  that  year  paid  into  the  missionary 
treasury  more  than  $200. 

In  this  formative  period  of  time  the  banner  of  official 
leadership  was  passed  quickly  from  hand  to  hand.  Mrs.  J. 
Steck,  Mrs.  P.  Robertson,  Mrs.  T.  W.  Holloway,  Mrs.  C. 
A.  Marks,  each  in  turn  gave  their  best  to  the  cause  and  left, 
abundant  evidence  that  the  work  prospered  under  their  direc- 
tion, and  that  the  growth,  while  "slow",  was  "sure".  About 
the  same  number  of  delegates  reported  at  each  annual  con- 
vention and  the  ground  gained  was  staunchly  held. 

An  array  of  figures  is  usually  uninteresting,  but  figures 
give  in  a  nutshell  a  story  of  substantial  advancement  which 
would  otherwise  be  long  and  tiresome. 

In  1885  the  total  amount  contributed  was  $  343.25 

In  1886  the  total  amount  contributed  was  604.55 

In  1887  the  total  amount  contributed  was  693.07 

In  1888  the  total  amount  contributed  was  647.74 

In  1889  the  total  amount  contributed  was  680.95 


Grand  total  for  first  live  years'  work $2,969.56 

The  Home  Mission  stations  aided  in  this  period  were 
Augusta,  Ga.,  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 

The  Foreign  appropriation  of  the  initial  $50,  and  a  later 
one  of  $110,  were  sent  through  Dr.  Gilbert  of  the  Northern 
Board. 

For  many  reasons  the  missionary  women  of  South  Caro- 
lina longed  and  prayed  for  a  satisfactory  channel  in  their 
own  Southern  Board,  through  which  their  gifts  to  foreign 
missions  might  be  applied,  and  in  token  of  their  faith  that 
their  prayers  would  find  an  answer,  appropriations  for  for- 
eign work  were  put  on  deposit  for  several  years. 

Then  Mrs.  C.  A.  Marks,  because  of  removal  from  the 
state,  was  forced  to  resign  the  office  of  president.  Mrs.  M. 
C.  Rawl,  of  Lexington,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacant  chair 
in  1890.  No  tribute  of  the  pen  could  ever  do  justice  to  the 
overflowing  devotion  of  Mrs.  Rawl's  heart  for  the  cause  of 
her  Saviour.     Herself  a  fluent  writer  and  poetess,  she  put 


Missionary  History  45 


her  best  talent  into  her  annual  reports,  and  the  touch  of 
the  Master  she  served  made  them  vibrant  with  the  power  of 
an  irresistible  appeal  for  the  extension  of  the  work  at  home 
and  over  the  seas. 

At  the  sixth  annual  convention  held  in  Grace  Church, 
Prosperity,  the  withholding  of  missionary  money,  while 
countless  souls  were  perishing  uncomforted  and  unsaved,  so 
distressed  the  heart  of  the  president  that  she  uttered  her  pro- 
test in  the  original  poem  with  which  she  closed  her  report 
for  1891: 

"0   Fisherman,  toiling   in  shallows, 

And  toiling  all  night  in  vain, 
Ever  seining  in  oft-tried  waters, 

And  shunning  the  pathless  main; 
Launch  out  on  the  fathomless  ocean 

Of  sorrow  and  darkness  and  sin, 
Launch  out  at  the  word  of  the  Master, 

And  gather  the  outcasts  in." 

This  poem  was  later  set  to  music,  but  the  sweetest  music 
which  resulted  from  this  fine  protest  was  the  new  note  which 
runs  through  her  official  message  in  the  year  1893,  and 
sounds  like  the  chanting  of  a  hymn  of  praise.  The  prayers 
of  the  Church  to  "the  Lord  of  the  harvest"  had  been  heard, 
and  Rev.  James  A.  B.  Scherer  had  volunteered  to  go  out  as 
a  missionary  of  the  Southern  Board  to  the  Empire  of  Japan. 
This  was  the  "Rising  Sun"  of  enthusiasm  and  new  impulse 
to  those  who  had  waited  long  for  a  channel  through  which 
their  obedience  to  the  Saviour's  last  command  could  find 
proper  expression. 

As  Rev.  James  A.  B.  Scherer  went  to  Japan  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  United  Synod  South,  the 
women  of  South  Carolina  made  their  yearly  contribution  to 
the  general  conduct  of  the  mission  he  established  at  Saga 
until  the  year  1898,  when  with  the  missionary  women  of 
North  Carolina  and  Southwestern  Virginia  they  united  in 
the  joint  support  of  Rev.  C.  L.  Brown,  a  later  recruit. 

When  Mrs.  Rawl  was  obliged  by  declining  health  to  pass 
on  the  banner  to  stronger  hands,  the  vice-president,  Mrs,  J. 
H.  Wyse,  stepped  into  line  to  receive  and  carry  it  forward. 


46  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

In  her  annual  report  for  1895  and  1896  she  showed  a  deep 
conviction  of  responsibility  and  a  wonderful  grasp  of  the 
problems  of  the  day  in  which  she  wrought.  Her  appeal  for 
the  distribution  of  more  missionary  literature  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  Week  of  Prayer  proved  the  deep  concern 
she  felt  for  the  vital  essentials  of  growth. 

The  first  decade  of  Woman's  Organized  Activity  closed 
with  a  record  of  $5,997.06  expended,  and  26  societies  with 
496  members. 

Second  Decade. 

This  period  opened  with  the  convention  at  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Pomaria,  in  1896.  It  was  at  this  meeting  that  Mrs. 
M.  M.  Kinard,  first  vice-president,  became  acting  president, 
and  was  later  duly  elected  for  her  term  of  service. 

Again  the  pendulum  which  marks  missionary  advance  fell 
into  a  steady,  even  beat.  Efficient  in  leadership',  Mrs.  Kinard 
stressed  each  year  the  main  essentials  of  the  work,  and  the 
work  prospered  in  her  hands.  Mite  boxes,  those  "forerun- 
ners" of  the  present  Thank-offering,  came  into  use  at  her 
suggestion,  and  definite  goals  were  named  for  definite  ob- 
jects. Mrs.  Kinard's  term  of  service  ended  with  her  resig- 
nation to  the  1899  convention,  which  met  in  Grace  Church, 
Prosperity,  and  again  the  honor  of  the  office  was  transferred 
to  the  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  Nease. 

And  here  we  pause  to  pay  the  tribute  of  "remembrance 
for  what  she  has  done"  to  this  worker  who  passed  from  active 
service  to  rest  and  reward  while  the  convention  of  the  next 
year  was  in  session.  The  Master  she  served  said  unto  her, 
"It  is  enough.  Come  up  higher,"  and  she  went,  crowned 
with  the  glory  of  a  young  life  well  spent,  and  rich  sheaves 
to  lay  at  His  feet. 

The  Week  of  Prayer  had  become  a  fixed  annual  feature 
of  the  work  as  early  as  the  year  1889,  but  as  the  years  multi- 
plied, its  observance  became  more  general  and  its  influence 
more  vital. 

A  Literature  Committee  had  also  been  appointed,  and  the 
appeal  of  the  societies  to  this  committee  for  light  and  infor- 
mation must  have  been  well-nigh  distracting  in  that  period  of 


Missionary  History  47 


extreme  poverty  in  tracts  and  programs.  This  demand  led 
to  the  requirement  of  a  per  capita  tax  to  meet  the  condition. 
The  story  of  the  next  decade  can  be  more  briefly  told  be- 
cause the  women  of  this  period  had  but  to  rear  the  super- 
structure of  the  future  years  upon  the  strong  foundation  laid 
by  their  courageous  sisters  of  the  earlier  days. 

The  "leavening  power"  of  the  work  was  becoming  recog- 
nized as  a  mighty  force  in  the  "measure  of  meal" — the 
Church.  When,  in  the  year  1900,  Mrs.  James  A.  B.  Scherer 
became  president,  thirty-seven  societies  reported  at  the  con- 
vention held  at  St.  Andrew's  Church,  and  ninety-four  new 
members  were  added  to  the  roll. 

In  the  year  1904  Mrs.  James  A.  B.  Scherer  and  Mrs.  M. 
0.  J.  Kreps  were  appointed  to  tour  the  churches  as  an  organ- 
izing committee.  This  tour  lasted  six  weeks  and  resulted 
in  the  formation  of  twenty  new  societies  and  an  added  mem- 
bership of  two  hundred.  For  this  aggressive  campaign  an 
appropriation  of  $50  was  made,  and  it  is  a  notable  fact  that 
the  committee  returned  to  the  treasury  a  sum  in  excess  of  the 
original  expenditure,  and  at  the  same  time  materially  stim- 
ulated gifts  to  the  Forward  Movement  which  at  that  time  was 
being  promoted. 

No  less  a  forward  movement  was  the  advance  step  whereby 
Mrs.  Kate  Eargle  as  chairman  of  the  Literature  Committee, 
and  with  the  help  of  others,  prepared  and  distributed  to  each 
society  in  1904  a  complete  program  booklet  with  all  neces- 
sary helps. 

This  wise  provision  launched  a  movement  of  far-reaching 
importance  to  the  whole  Church,  since  it  was  quickly  adopted 
by  other  states  and  finally  became  the  model  after  which 
the  program  packets  of  more  modern  times  were  planned. 

In  1906  two  original  tracts  written  by  Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps 
were  published  under  the  imprint  of  the  Synodical  Society 
of  South  Carolina.  These  tracts  were  "Aunt  Dinah's  Starry 
Crown"  and  "Love's  Offering".  They  were  notable  not  only 
for  the  fact  that  they  speedily  created  a  large  demand,  and 
passed  into  greater  usefulness,  but  also  that  they  created  an 
impulse  to  produce  for  ourselves  and  others  the  literature 
so  sorely  needed  in  the  extension  of  the  work. 


48  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  second  decade  closed  with  a  financial  total  of  $16,- 
160.20.  Adding  to  this  the  $1,800  contributed  to  the  For- 
ward Movement,  the  grand  total  was  $17,960.20;  and  to  this 
gift  of  money  can  be  added  a  wealth  of  love  and  devotion 
which  to  the  King  of  kings  is  a  priceless  offering. 

Third  Decade. 

Special  Work. 

In  the  history  of  the  first  twenty  years  there  was  no  special 
home  mission  work  assigned  to  the  women.  With  the  mod- 
esty and  devotion  of  the  woman-heart,  they  were  content  to 
aid  every  cause  adopted  by  the  synod,  without  claiming  the 
privilege  of  laying  the  hand  of  the  convention  on  any  one 
task  and  designating  it  as  the  woman's  monument  of  love 
and  self-denial. 

By  special  resolution  in  1904  this  old  order  passed  away 
and  with  the  full  endorsement  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Synod,  the  women  made  special  appropriation  to  the 
erection  of  a  mission  church  at  Spartanburg.  Mrs.  M.  0. 
J.  Kreps  represented  the  Woman's  Society  at  the  laying  of  the 
cornerstone,  and  the  Society  was  greatly  honored  by  having 
the  new  church  called  "The  Woman's  Memorial  Church  of 
Spartanburg".  Larger  obligations  have  been  assumed  for 
the  building  of  other  churches  since  then,  but  this  one  is 
still  the  only  Woman's  Memorial  within  the  bounds  of  the 
synod. 

For  many  years  there  was  a  growing  conviction  that  the 
work  of  the  women  in  each  southern  state  would  be  mater- 
ially strengthened  and  advanced  by  union  of  interest  and 
operation.  Acting  upon  the  suggestion  of  Rev.  R.  C.  Hol- 
land, D.D.,  the  matter  was  agitated  and  emphasized  in  the 
Women's  Department  of  the  Lutheran  Church  Visitor,  and 
representatives  of  the  synodical  societies  then  in  existence 
were  called  to  a  meeting  at  Dallas,  N.  C,  July  12,  1906. 

This  meeting  resulted  in  the  birth  of  the  Woman's  Mission- 
ary Conference  of  the  United  Synod  South.  This  general 
organization  mightily  broadened  and  deepened  the  tide  of 
missionary  interest  and  enthusiasm  in  South  Carolina,  as  in 


Missionary  History  49 

all  other  states  joining  in  the  union,  by  the  fresh  courage  and 
assurance  of  strength  which  is  the  unfailing  result  of  fellow- 
ship in  service. 

From  this  time  the  work  advanced  rapidly,  the  Synodical 
Society  of  South  Carolina  contributing  to  the  Forward  Move- 
ment, the  Japan  School,  the  Silver  Jubilee,  and  later  specials, 
more  than  its  proportionate  share,  and  at  the  same  time  dis- 
charging promptly  and  cheerfully  its  obligations  to  the  Home 
Board  and  the  missionary  operations  of  its  own  state  work. 

For  many  years  the  Children's  Societies  were  under  the 
direction  and  training  of  the  Woman's  Society,  but  their 
treasurer  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  and 
their  funds  were  not  included  with  those  of  the  Convention. 
As  this  arrangement  hindered  the  extension  and  development 
of  the  children's  work,  appeal  was  made  to  synod  to  trans- 
fer all  the  interests  of  Junior  Societies  entirely  to  the  women, 
and  when  this  appeal  met  with  favorable  decision,  these  so- 
cieties were  transferred  from  the  synod  to  the  Woman's  Syn- 
odical Society,  thus  putting  the  missionary  training  of  the 
children  and  the  direction  of  their  offerings  exclusively  into 
the  hands  of  the  women. 

At  this  time  kindergarten  work  in  Japan  was  being 
launched  by  Mrs.  C.  K.  Lippard,  and  the  children  of  South 
Carolina  assumed  the  obligation  of  $12  per  month  for  the 
support  of  this  work,  the  rest  of  their  annual  fund  being 
appropriated  to  Synodical  Home  Missions.  A  few  years 
later,  with  the  children's  societies  of  other  synods,  they  as- 
sumed their  proportionate  share  of  the  salary  of  Rev.  A.  J. 
Stirewalt,  who  then  became  the  children's  missionary. 

With  the  children  enlisted  in  definite  missionary  training 
and  practical  service,  the  Convention  turned  its  attention  and 
mother-concern  to  the  boys  and  girls  of  high  school  and 
college  age.  How  could  this  youthful  army  be  won  and  its 
unlimited  capacities  be  turned  into  channels  of  Christian 
service?  The  practical  attempt  to  solve  this  problem  was 
made  at  the  annual  convention  at  Spartanburg  in  1907,  when, 
with  the  program  for  that  meeting,  a  "Young  People's  Hour" 
was  featured. 


50  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

This  was  the  "pebble  in  the  stream"  of  the  great  uncharted 
river  of  youthful  enthusiasm,  which  in  its  widening  circles 
has  speedily  grown  into  the  Young  People's  Federation  of 
South  Carolina.  A  pioneer  organization  of  young  people, 
it  "blazed  the  trail"  in  working  out  its  relationships  to  exist- 
ing bodies  as  it  developed  its  own  strength  and  efficiency  in 
service,  and  in  the  making  of  its  wonderful  history  it  became 
a  beacon  of  inspiration  and  a  model  in  efficiency. 


MRS.    M.    O.    J.    KREPS 


At  the  1908  convention,  which  met  in  Grace  Church,  Pros- 
perity, there  was  a  "vacant  chair"  and  a  familiar  face  sadly 
missed  in  the  official  force,  which  for  nearly  eight  years  had 
remained  unbroken.  Because  of  removal  to  the  sunset-side 
of  America,  Mrs.  James  A.  B.  Scherer  resigned  the  office 
of  president,  and  Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps  was  transferred  from 
the  office  of  recording  secretary,  which  she  had  held  for  nine 
years,  to  the  higher  honors  of  official  leadership. 


Missionary  History  51 

At  this  time  there  were  three  girls  of  the  Synodical  Society 
who  had  volunteered  for  definite  Christian  service,  wherever 
the  Church  should  call  them,  and  were  in  training  under 
Pastor  C.  E.  Weltner  at  St.  Luke's  Church,  Olympia  village. 
These  girls  were  Gertrude  Simpson  of  Prosperity,  Mary  Lou 
Bowers  of  Newberry,  and  Josephine  Copeland  of  Ehrhardt. 
The  equipment  for  this  training  home  at  Olympia  was  pro- 
vided by  the  Women's  Societies,  and  but  for  overwhelming 
obstacles  this  work  would  have  been  continued  under  the 
very  able  direction  of  Pastor  and  Mrs.  C.  E.  Weltner. 

After  finishing  the  course,  Gertrude  Simpson  answered  a 
temporary  call  to  become  Field  Secretary  of  the  Woman's 
Synodical  Society,  and  served  with  fine  success  until  she  an- 
swered a  more  compelling  call  to  become  a  missionary  to 
Africa.  Mary  Lou  Bowers  also  gave  herself  to  the  Japan 
mission  field,  and  Josephine  Copeland  took  up  Christian  so- 
cial service  in  industrial  communities. 

After  the  organization  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Con- 
ference of  the  United  Synod  South,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Cronk  was 
appointed  Chairman  General  Literature  Committee  for  the 
whole  southern  territory,  and  the  Thank-off^ering  box  became 
the  permanent  successor  to  the  Forward  Movement. 

At  the  convention  of  1910  forty-five  new  societies,  rep- 
resenting all  stages  of  life  from  grandmothers  to  the  wee 
flowers  of  the  growing  Cradle  Roll,  were  added.  These  new 
organizations  were  in  large  part  the  result  of  Miss  Simpson's 
field  work. 

For  many  years  the  strongest  note  of  the  convention  was 
training  the  children,  and  committees  were  appointed  yearly 
to  advocate  and  introduce  missions  into  the  regular  curric- 
ulum of  the  Sunday  Schools.  Mission  study  also  was  en- 
couraged in  all  possible  ways,  and  classes  multiplied  every- 
where and  were  reported  in  encouraging  number  at  each 
convention.  The  forces  of  the  Young  People  also  mobilized 
like  those  of  the  Youthful  Crusaders,  and  their  high  courage 
became  infectious  to  the  workers  of  more  mature  years.  In 
the  year  1910  the  following  resolution  was  off"ered  by  these 
workers  to  the  convention: 


52  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


"Resolved,  That  as  representatives  of  the  Young  People  of  the 
South  Carolina  Synod,  we  petition  the  Woman's  Convention  to 
appoint  an  Executive  Committee  of  five  young  people,  naming  the 
General  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  which  Committee  shall  seek 
to  advance  the  work  among  young  people  in  all  the  congregations 
of  the  synod." 

This  was  the  first  step  in  the  severance  of  the  work 
launched  and  fostered  by  the  mother  organization  in  behalf 
of  its  young  sons  and  daughters — a  step  made  necessary  by 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  younger  body,  which  from  this  date 
became  the  Federation  of  Lutheran  Young  People  of  the 
South  Carolina  Synod,  directing  and  controlling  its  work  and 
holding  annual  conventions  apart  from  any  kindred  body. 

The  third  decade  closed  with  a  financial  record  of  $35,- 
007.55  for  both  women's  and  children's  societies.  A  gen- 
erous share  of  this  sum  total  was  appropriated  to  extension 
work  in  the  foreign  field,  and  to  buildings  and  equipments 
for  the  increased  force  of  workers.  A  proportionate  amount 
has  been  given  to  strengthen  the  work  of  the  home  field. 
Through  the  United  Synod's  Board,  the  money  expended 
assisted  in  the  work  at  Richmond,  Knoxville,  Norfolk,  Au- 
gusta and  Winston-Salem.  Through  the  South  Carolina 
Synod,  the  missions  at  Sumter,  Orangeburg,  Augusta,  Ga., 
Spartanburg,  Greenwood,  Greenville,  Olympia  Mill,  and 
other  points,  have  been  materially  aided  and  encouraged. 

Fourth  Decade. 

In  celebration  of  twenty-five  years  of  service  in  Japan,  a 
Silver  Jubilee  Fund  was  launched  in  1917,  to  build  a  home 
for  the  young  women  who  had  gone  out  in  1913 — Miss  Akard 
and  Miss  Bowers.  The  South  Carolina  Convention  had  pre- 
viously assumed  its  share  of  the  support  of  Miss  Akard,  and 
Miss  Bowers  was  adopted  by  the  Young  People  of  South 
Carolina.  The  chairman  of  the  Jubilee  Fund  was  Mrs.  Rob- 
ert F.  Bowe,  who  served  in  coimection  with  a  representative 
from  other  Synodical  Societies  of  the  United  Synod.  The 
campaign  was  efficiently  and  speedily  accomplished.  South 
Carolina  giving  $1,584.70  of  the  total  sum. 


Missionary  History  53 

As  a  tribute  to  that  matchless  leader  and  friend,  Rev.  R. 
C.  Holland,  D.D.,  who  had  laid  down  the  robe  of  service 
for  the  victor's  crown,  a  permanent  scholarship  was  estab- 
lished in  the  Japan  School  to  his  memory  in  1916.  Again 
in  the  same  year  the  convention  adopted  a  resolution  to  as- 
sume its  share  of  the  increase  incident  to  sending  to  Japan 
two  more  women  workers,  Misses  Maude  and  Annie  Powlas, 
who  were  then  taking  special  training  in  New  York  City. 

For  many  years  prayers  had  been  offered  in  South  Caro- 
lina convention  for  the  way  to  open  for  the  establishment 
of  a  girls'  school  in  Japan,  and  during  these  years  all  life 
memberships  were  put  on  deposit,  from  year  to  year,  to  serve 
as  a  nucleus  of  a  girls'  school  fund  when  the  way  would 
open  up. 

Since  the  home  for  the  women  missionaries  was  empha- 
sized as  the  first  step  in  the  realization  of  the  school,  the 
money  held  on  deposit  was  put  into  the  home,  and  this  action 
was  followed  by  a  special  resolution  in  1910,  which  reads 
as  follows:  "We  recommend  that  the  Woman's  Societies 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  take  up  the  work  of  establish- 
ing a  Girls'  School  in  Japan,  as  soon  as  the  way  is  opened, 
in  connection  with  the  Woman's  Missionary  Conference." 

Inner  Mission  Work  at  this  period  was  gradually  accorded 
a  place  all  its  own  in  the  annual  reports,  and  visions  of  larger 
service  became  vitally  operative  in  consecrated  hands  and 
feet  for  the  Master's  use. 

New  departments  were  created  to  keep  in  line  with  each 
forward  step,  and  the  General  Literature  Committee,  with 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Cronk  as  chairman,  and  headquarters  in  Colum- 
bia, furnished  splendid  literature  helps,  and  sent  out  gener- 
ous supplies  for  monthly  meetings  and  other  advance  work. 

It  w^as  at  this  age  and  stage  of  the  work  that  someone 
dreamed  a  dream  of  a  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America, 
and  in  response  to  the  movement  of  the  various  synodical 
bodies,  the  women  too  joined  in  the  outstanding  event  of 
modern  Lutheran  history  in  America — the  great  Merger 
Meeting  in  New  York  City  in  1917.  The  delegates  to  this 
eventful    assemblage    of    missionary    workers,    from    many 


54  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

states,  were  Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Summer  and 
Miss  Caro  Efird. 

Since  this  time  the  work  in  South  Carolina  has  mightily 
broadened  and  deepened  its  tide.  New  departments  have 
been  created  to  meet  the  new  opportunities  of  a  world-field 
of  operation. 

Regular  funds  must  now  flow  through  regular  channels, 
but  special  work  still  beckons  to  Synodical  Societies  for  spe- 
cial adoption.  The  Specials  of  the  present  period  are 
$175,000  for  a  Girls'  School  in  Japan,  and  $20,000  for 
building  a  church  and  parsonage  for  the  Rock  Hill  mission, 
which  has  been  chosen  as  the  "Synodical  Special"  of  the 
missionary  women  of  South  Carolina. 

In  the  adjustments  of  the  Merger,  the  Lutheran  Church 
Visitor  was  absorbed  by  The  Lutheran  and  passed  out  of 
existence.  Since  this  organ  of  the  United  Synod,  South,  car- 
ried weekly  a  Woman's  Missionary  Department,  edited  for 
more  than  twenty  years  by  Mrs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  the  Synod- 
ical Society  of  South  Carolina  felt  keenly  the  loss  of  this 
medium  of  information  in  the  work.  To  maintain  some  line 
of  intimate  communication  seemed  such  a  necessity  that  in 
1921  a  Quarterly  Missionary  Bulletin  was  established  under 
the  imprint  of  the  Synodical  Society  of  South  Carolina. 

In  very  recent  years  the  forces  of  the  children  have  been 
rallied  and  united  under  the  new  name  of  The  Light  Brigade, 
but  this  change  in  no  way  effects  the  regular  order  of  work, 
other  than  by  different  classifications,  under  the  one  head, 
suited  to  every  stage  of  child-life.  It  is  hoped  by  this  the 
more  effectively  to  enlist  and  train  all  the  children  of  the 
Church.  There  are  fifty-four  Light  Brigades  in  the  South 
Carolina  Synod,  with  eighteen  hundred  children  enrolled. 

Catching  the  inspiration  from  the  Piedmont  societies,  which 
were  organized  into  a  conferential  district  society,  under  the 
leadership  of  Mrs.  Kate  Eargle,  in  the  Autumn  of  1922,  like 
societies  were  later  formed  in  each  of  the  conference  dis- 
tricts of  the  synod.  By  and  through  the  functioning  of  these 
"wheels  within  wheels"  it  is  hoped  to  broaden  contacts  and 
better  connect  up  all  phases  of  activity. 


Missionary  History  55 

When  Rev.  Charles  L.  Brown,  D.D,,  went  home  to  God 
from  the  distant  fields  of  Africa,  a  second  memorial  was 
established  by  the  Woman's  Society;  this  tribute  to  be  a  gift 
to  the  interior  furnishing  of  the  Brown  Memorial  Chapel  in 
Japan. 

Behold!  The  pebble  cast  into  the  river  thirty-eight  years 
ago  in  1885  is  moving  the  waters  of  a  mighty  stream  of 
activity,  its  current  still  reaching  outward  and  onward. 

Looking  backward  the  Synodical  Society  can  claim  a  gen- 
erous share  in  every  advance  movement  at  home  and  abroad. 

To  those  earlier  gifts  to  mission  churches  in  the  years 
gone  by,  it  adds  similar  gifts  to  Clinton,  Immanuel,  Ridge 
Spring;  Incarnation,  Shandon;  and  St.  James',  Saxe-Gotha. 

To  the  work  mentioned  specifically  in  the  former  pages  of 
this  history,  it  can  add  a  large  sum  given  to  the  erection  of 
Kyushu  Gakuin,  and  to  churches  and  homes  for  our  mission- 
aries and  kindergartens. 

The  roll  of  presidents  and  their  terms  of  office  are  as 
follows: 

Mrs.  J.  Steck 1   year. 

Mrs.   P.  Robertson    2  years. 

Mrs.   G.  W.  Holloway,  V.-P 1   year. 

Mrs.  C.  A.  Marks  2  years. 

Mrs.  M.  C.  Rawl  4  years. 

Mrs.  J,  H,  Wyse  2  years. 

Mrs.  M.  M.  Kinard  2  years. 

Mrs.   S.  L.  Nease 1   year. 

Mrs.  J.  A.  B.  Scherer 8  years. 

Mrs.   M.  0.  J.  Kreps  15  years. 

To  these  official  leaders  of  past  years  should  be  added 
the  names  of  Mrs.  Kate  Eargle,  Mrs.  Laura  Wise  and  Miss 
Lillian  Luther,  who  have  wrought  from  earliest  beginnings 
and  still  work  on  with  unfaltering  zeal  and  devotion,  asking 
no  other  reward  than  the  Master's  "Well  done"  when  they 
shall  come  to  the  end  of  the  way. 

And  memory  recalls  the  many  consecutive  years  of  ser- 
vice as  treasurer,  given  by  Mrs.  George  W.  Holland  and 
by  Mrs.  Jacob  Epting  as  vice-president.     To  these  faithful 


56  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


ones,  who  now  "rest  from  their  labors",  history  must  pay 
the  tribute  of  the  immortelle  of  grateful  remembrance. 

Summary. 

Today,  marching  in  line  with  the  missionary  forces  of 
the  United  Lutheran  Church,  the  women  and  children  of  South 
Carolina  are  rapidly  advancing  the  cause  of  Christ  under  the 
Stars  and  Stripes,  and  touching  with  the  transforming  power 
of  the  Gospel  the  lives  of  the  Christless  in  India,  Africa, 
Japan,  South  America,  and  the  Islands  of  the  Sea. 

Many  thousands  of  consecrated  dollars  have  flowed  out 
from  the  Synodical  treasury  in  the  years  which  are  now  his- 
tory, but  the  priceless  gift  of  the  past,  and  the  heritage  it 
extends  to  the  future,  is  the  educational  and  inspirational 
blessing  of  the  missionary  work  to  the  heart  of  the  whole 
Church. 

The  fortieth  milestone  looms  up  in  the  path  ahead,  and 
the  pen  of  the  future  is  poised.  Hanging  above  the  pen  is 
a  question  mark.  What  history  will  be  made  from  the  foun- 
dation of  the  years  behind?     Only  God  can  answer. 

If  in  the  thirty-eighth  year  the  annual  gift  of  more  than 
$10,000  for  women  and  children  is  in  excess  of  the  first 
ten  years'  total;  if  the  societies  have  grown  from  the  orig- 
inal twenty-four  in  1885  to  the  eighty  enrolled  in  1923,  and 
the  membership  from  318  of  the  first  convention  to  the  2,075 
of  1923,  the  prospect  for  a  brighter  future  is  a  challenge 
to  speed  the  promise  to  fulfillment. 

The  fourth  decade  will  close  in  1925.  Eight  years  of  that 
period  have  passed  into  history;  and  the  financial  record 
made  in  that  incomplete  period  of  time  is,  at  a  conservative 
estimate,  $60,220.27,  with  advance  along  other  lines  which 
shows  marvelous  progress. 

Comparative  Totals  by  Decades. 

1885—1895  S  5,997.06 

1 895—1 905  1 7.960.20 

1905—1915  35,007.27 

1915—1923  (8  years) 60,385.08 

Grand  Total   $1 19,349.68 


Missionary  History  57 

Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  the  above  figures  rep- 
resent only  the  money  which  passed  through  Convention 
treasurer's  hands.  If  the  "Special  Gifts",  inspired  by  the 
convention,  but  sent  direct  to  various  objects,  could  have 
been  tabulated,  the  total  would  swell  like  a  mighty  river  of 
blessing.  Attention  is  also  called  to  the  remarkable  fact 
that  the  sum  total  of  only  eight  years  of  the  last  decade  ex- 
ceeds the  combined  totals  of  the  first  three  decades  of  service. 

History  serves  its  purpose  only  when  it  is  woven  into  the 
finer  pattern  of  an  advancing  order  of  progress.  So  this 
history  of  thirty-eight  years  of  missionary  operations  will 
be  worthless,  unless  those  for  whom  it  is  written  read  be- 
tween the  lines  the  sublime  challenge  of  Him  whose  Resur- 
rection message  is  "Go  quickly,  and  tell  the  disciples  that 
/  go  before  you\ 

"Prize  what  is  yours,  but  be  not  quite  contented; 
There  is  a  healthful  restlessness  of  soul, 
By  which  a  mighty  purpose  is  augmented 
In  urging  you  to  reach  a  higher  goal. 

"So  when  the  restless  impulse  rises,  driving 
Your  calm  content  before  it,  do  not  grieve; 
It  is  the  upward  reaching  and  the  striving 
Of  God  in  you — to  still  achieve — achieve!" 


Chaj>ter  IV 

EDUCATIONAL  AIMS  AND  ACHIEVEMENTS 

THE  educational  history  of  this  synod  began  at  its  second 
convention,  November,  1824.  The  foundation  was  laid 
in  special  action  looking  to  the  religious  training  of  the  chil- 
dren and  youth  of  the  Church.  By  a  special  resolution  the 
duty  of  the  ministers  connected  with  the  synod  regularly  to 
deliver  lectures  to  young  persons  and  others,  was  clearly 
defined;  and  the  doctrines  and  duties  of  religion  were  to 
form  the  chief  element  of  such  instruction.  Parents  and 
heads  of  families  were  urged  to  cooperate  with  their  pastors 
in  this  important  work. 

The  Catechism  was  named  as  the  proper  textbook  to  be 
used,  and  "the  principles  of  religion"  were  to  be  instilled 
into  the  minds  of  the  young — drawn,  of  course,  from  the 
Holy  Scriptures. 

The  next  objective  was  to  secure  "well  educated  Lutheran 
ministers  to  supply  our  vacant  churches,  or  to  labor  as  mis- 
sionaries within  the  bounds  of  the  synod". 

Theological  Seminary  and  Classical  School 

The  lack  of  ministers  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  of 
the  destitute  congregations  and  outlying  mission  points  was 
so  great  that  Rev.  John  Bachman  expressed  the  feeling  of 
all  concerned  when  he  said  at  the  convention  of  1828:  "It 
is  to  be  feared  that  we  will  never  be  supplied  with  a  suit- 
able number  of  clergymen  until  we  afford  them  the  facilities 
of  an  education  nearer  home.  Let  us  make  this  subject  the 
object  of  our  reflection,  our  reading  and  our  prayers."  This 
proved  to  have  been  the  starting  point  of  a  wave  of  educa- 
tional influence  which  will  finally  touch  the  utmost  shores 
of  time  and  find  its  full  fruition  in  the  world  to  come.  At 
this  meeting  of  synod  a  series  of  resolutions  was  presented 
and  unanimously  adopted,  provision  being  made  for  the 
raising  of  funds  for  the  establishment  and  support  of  such 
an  institution  as  would  meet  the  needs  of  our  Southern 
Church. 


60  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  earnest  purpose  of  the  synod  is  seen  in  the  fact  that 
a  committee  of  twenty  was  appointed  by  resolution  and 
"authorized  to  receive  any  donations  and  legacies  which  may 
be  presented"  towards  the  creation  of  a  fund  for  such  insti- 
tution as  was  contemplated.* 

At  the  convention  of  1830  the  special  committee  appointed 
to  raise  funds  for  the  proposed  Theological  Seminary  re- 
ported "considerable  progress  in  obtaining  funds",  upon 
which  the  synod  resolved,  "in  humble  reliance  on  the  Divine 
blessing,  to  establish  a  Theological  Seminary,  consecrating 
our  efforts  to  Him  who  is  the  great  Head  of  the  Church,  the 
Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  Souls — God  over  all,  Blesesd  for- 

"4. 

ever,   y 

It  was  also  resolved  to  connect  with  that  school  of  the 
prophets  a  Classical  Academy,  under  the  direction  of  the  pro- 
fessor of  theology.  At  once  such  professor  was  elected  in 
the  person  of  Rev.  J.  G.  Schwartz,  who  accepted  this  impor- 
tant position;  and  so  Rev.  John  Bachman,  whose  great  soul 
had  so  earnestly  plead  for  an  institution  in  which  our  young 
men  could  be  trained  for  the  ministry,  was  at  last  to  see 
"the  work  of  the  Lord  prosper  in  our  hands". 

The  record  of  the  Seminary  is  not  full  in  the  published 
proceedings  of  the  synod  of  1830,  but  the  fact  is  given,  in 
an  appended  statement  on  page  28,  that  applicants  for  admis- 
sion were  to  meet  the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Board  on 
the  second  Tuesday  in  January,  1831,  at  the  residence  of 
Colonel  John  Eichelberger  in  Newberry  District;  and  the 
professor,  Rev.  J.  G.  Schwartz,  gave  notice  that  for  the  year 
1831  he  would  receive  such  students  as  should  have  been 
approved  by  the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Board,  The  first 
Monday  in  February  of  that  year  was  named  as  the  open- 
ing of  the  Seminary  in  his  residence,  which  was  the  home 
of  the  said  Colonel  John  Eichelberger.  He  also  announced 
that  he  would  give  "a  liberal  course  of  classical  study"  to  a 
limited  number  of  young  men.  Hence,  before  the  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  and  Classical  Academy  had  a  permanent  loca- 
tion, its  exercises  were  conducted  in  the  Eichelberger  home 


*(See  Minutes  of  1829,  pp.  8,  11.) 
t(See  Minutes  of  1830,  p.  13.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements 


61 


near  Bethlehem  Church,  Newberry  County;  and  that  home 
is  still  standing. 

There  Professor  Schwartz  died,  August  26,  1831,  to  the 
great  sorrow  of  the  synod,  and  more  especially  of  Rev.  John 
Bachman,  who  had  trained  this  young  minister  and  who, 
better  than  anyone  else,  knew  his  ability  and  great  wo>^di. 
Naturally  his  distinguished  preceptor  mourned  for  him  as 
a  beloved  son  in  the  Lord.  The  funeral  discourse  delivered 
by  Rev.  John  Bachman  on  September  11,  1831,  is  published 
in  full  in  the  minutes  and  covers  twenty  pages.  It  gives  a 
sketch  of  the  brilliant  career  of  this  young  man  and  breathes 
the  deep  affection  of  his  spiritual  father. 


GABLE   END    OF-  EICHELBERGER   HOME 


At  the  convention  of  1831  the  necessary  steps  were  taken 
for  the  location  of  the  Theological  Seminary  and  the  Classi- 
cal Academy;  but  final  action  was  "deferred  till  the  next 
meeting  of  the  synod". 

Then  at  the  convention  of  1832,  after  the  most  careful 
and  conscientious  consideration,  Lexington  village,  S.  C, 
was  chosen  as  the  location. 


62  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  synod  then  expressed  the  firm  conviction  that  "our 
prayers  have  been  answered  and  our  efforts  blessed;  and 
now  that  we  have  succeeded  by  our  own  exertion,  accom- 
panied by  the  approving  smiles  of  Heaven,  in  establishing  an 
institution,  which,  we  trust,  will  supply  our  Southern  Zion 
with  talented  and  faithful  watchmen; — now,  if  ever,  we  feel 
that  we  have  abundant  cause  for  thankfulness  to  the  Great 
Head  of  the  Church,  and  the  confident  assurance  that  He 
will  never  leave  and  never  forsake  us."*f  These  prayers 
and  hopes  of  the  synod  have  been  realized. 

The  location  of  the  Seminary  having  been  definitely  set- 
tled, a  most  gratifying  number  of  young  men  offered  them- 
selves as  students  for  the  ministry,  and  the  following  were 
accepted:  Messrs,  Frederick  Harris,  David  Bernhard,  Wil- 
liam Berly,  Levi  Bedenbaugh,  Elijah  Hawkins,  Samuel 
Bouknight,  David  Hungerpeler,  and  Henry  Stoudenmeyer. 
To  this  number  Jesse  Bates  was  also  added. 

The  first  Board  of  Directors — ^ten  in  number — ^was  con- 
stituted as  follows:  Revs.  John  Bachman,  Godfrey  Dreher, 
W.  D.  Strobel,  S.  A.  Mealy,  and  C.  F.  Bergman;  with  Messrs. 
West  Caughman,  Henry  Muller,  Col.  J.  Eichelberger,  Henry 
Horlbeck,  and  Major  Jacob  Swygert.lj:  Rev.  John  Bachman 
was  chairman,  and  Mr.  Henry  Muller  was  treasurer.  Sub- 
sequently we  find  that  Rev.  John  C.  Hope  was  appointed  sec- 
retary, but  the  record  is  not  clear  as  to  the  person  who  first 
acted  in  this  capacity. 

The  next  step  in  this  far-reaching  movement  was  that  of 
securing  a  professor  of  theology  and  a  suitable  person  for 
the  Classical  Department  of  the  institution.  The  synod  was 
careful  to  state  that,  "Whereas  the  Teacher  will  be  required 
to  prepare  young  men  in  their  Classical  Studies  for  admis- 
sion into  the  Theological  Seminary,  he  be  a  man  of  piety, 
as  well  as  possessed  of  approved  classical  attainments." 


*(See  Minutes  of  1831,  p.  15  ;  of  1832,  pp.  8,  9,  10,  11,  14  and  15.) 

tThe  institution  when  so  located  was  chartered  in  1832  as  "The  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina 
and  GeorRia"    (Statutes   at    Large.    Vol.    8,   p.    376). 

In  1851  ths  name  of  the  institution  was  changed  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly  to 
"The  Classical  and  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South 
Carolina  and  Adjacent  States".      (Statutes  at  Large,  Vol.  12,  pp.  115,  116.) 

}(See  Minutes  of  1830,  p.   14.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  63 

At  the  session  of  1833,  held  in  Lexington  village,  at  the 
place  of  the  location  of  the  Seminary,  it  was  reported  that 
Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  of  Hartwick,  N.  Y.,  had  been 
elected  professor  of  theology,  and  Rev.  Washington  Muller 
principal  of  the  Classical  Department. 


REV.    E.    L.    HAZELIUS.    D.D. 

As  Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  was  present,  he  was  at  once 
made  a  member  of  the  synod,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  further  proceedings  of  the  body.  The  first  Monday  in 
January,  1834,  was  fixed  as  the  opening  day,  and  all  neces- 
sary details  were  arranged  for  the  prosecution  of  this  work, 
so  dear  to  the  hearts  of  all  our  people  in  the  Southern  Lu- 
theran Church,  and  from  which  such  wide  streams  of  light 
and  holy  influence  have  gone  out  into  many  parts  of  the 
American  Lutheran  Church. 

The  convention  of  1834  was  held  in  Ebenezer  Church, 
Effingham  County,  Georgia,  beginning  November  15,  at  which 


64  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

the  first  annual  rejjort  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  The- 
ological Seminary  was  read. 

The  president  of  the  synod  in  his  address  said:  "Thus 
far  the  Theological  Seminary  has  fully  equalled  our  most 
sanguine  expectations;"  and  he  also  reported  that  "The  Pre- 
paratory Institute  has  fully  equalled  the  expectations  of  its 
friends". 

In  the  report  of  the  Directors  of  the  Seminary  we  learn 
that  the  institution  opened  on  January  6,  1834,  under  favor- 
able circumstances.  On  April  28  the  first  examination  of 
the  students  was  held,  and  proved  highly  satisfactory  to  the 
Board.  On  April  30,  1834,  Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  was 
inaugurated  as  first  professor  of  theology;  and  nine  young 
men  has  been  duly  matriculated  and  were  pursuing  their 
studies.  Rev.  George  Haltiwanger  and  Rev.  F.  F.  Harris 
were  ordained  at  this  convention  of  the  synod. 

At  the  convention  of  1835,  held  in  St.  Nicholas'  Church, 
Barnwell  County,  November  14-18,  it  was  reported  that  the 
work  of  the  Seminary  was  gratifying,  and  that  already  there 
had  been  an  increase  of  ministers  in  "the  extension  of  the 
borders  of  our  Zion". 

Messrs.  Herman  Aull  and  Robert  Cloy  were  ordained  to 
the  office  and  work  of  the  Gospel  ministry;  and  Messrs.  Jas. 
P.  Ring,  Edwin  A.  Bolles,  David  Bernhard  and  Levi  Beden- 
baugh  received  license  to  the  same  office  and  work. 

At  the  Spring  session  of  the  Theological  Seminary  a  Junior 
Class  was  formed,  made  up  of  six  probationers:  George 
Haltiwanger,  Jr.,  Jacob  Crim,  George  Harter,  Stanmore  Shep- 
herd, H.  E.  Hartridge,  and  J.  Boyd. 

The  synod  also  took  action  looking  to  securing  the  cooper- 
ation of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  in  the  support  and  man- 
agement of  the  Theological  Seminary,  which  was  consum- 
mated, and  so  reported  at  the  convention  of  1836.* 

In  the  third  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Seminary,  1836,  we  are  again  assured  of  the  continued 
and  useful  operation  of  the  institution,  and  that  the  first  class 
of  students  which  entered  the  Seminary  had  now  been  grad- 


(See  Minutes,   pp.   17,  18,  20  and  21.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  65 

uated.  These  were  Messrs.  Frederick  Harris,  Edwin  A. 
Bolles,  Levi  Bedenbaugh,  David  Bernhard,  Henry  Stouden- 
meyer,  William  Berly,  Philip  A.  Strobel  and  Elijah  Haw- 
kins. 

This  School  of  the  Prophets  had  by  this  time  gone  beyond 
the  experimental  stage,  had  fully  justified  all  the  claims  and 
efforts  of  its  founders,  and  the  stamp  of  Divine  approval 
had  been  fixed  upon  it.  From  now  on  its  prosperity  is  clearly 
marked  and  its  usefulness  established  beyond  question.  The 
report  of  the  Directors  for  1837  informs  us  that  twelve 
students,  coming  from  several  states,  had  been  directly  and 
indirectly  connected  with  the  Seminary  that  year. 

It  was  found  necessary  to  build  a  lecture  room  on  the  sem- 
inary grounds,  since  it  was  not  desirable  to  have  the  Classi- 
cal School  and  the  Seminary  holding  recitations  in  the  same 
building.  The  necessary  action  was  taken  to  secure  such 
addition  to  the  institution,  which  object  was  accomplished.* 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  state  that  while  classical  work  was 
associated  with  the  Theological  Seminary  from  the  beginning 
of  its  existence,  "a  permanent  Classical  School  in  connection 
with  the  Seminary"  was  not  fully  established  until  the  synod 
of  1840,  when  plans  were  adopted  for  the  consummation 
of  this  long  cherished  purpose. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Thummel,  of  Wadmalaw  Island,  was  chosen  as 
the  head  of  said  Classical  School,  which  position  he  accepted 
and  became  a  member  of  this  synod  at  the  convention  of 
1841.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Synod  of  New 
York.  Subsequently  he  supplied  the  place  of  Dr.  Hazelius 
in  the  Seminary  from  April  to  October,  1841,  while  the  lat- 
ter was  on  a  visit  to  Germany. 

At  the  close  of  1841  a  library  of  1,837  books  had  been 
collected,  and  the  Seminary  was  exerting  a  "salutary  influ- 
ence" upon  the  Church,  and  gave  promise  of  greater  achieve- 
ments in  the  future. 

At  the  convention  of  1843,  the  president.  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope, 
reported  that  Dr.  E.  L.  Hazelius  had  returned  from  Ger- 
many near  the  close  of  1842,  and  had  been  greatly  encour- 


*(See  Minutes  of  1838,  pp.  22,23.) 


66  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

aged  on  his  visit  by  the  missionary  zeal  of  our  brethren 
across  the  sea.  A  special  resolution  of  thanks  was  adopted 
with  reference  to  the  able  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which 
Rev.  C.  B.  Thummel  had  presided  over  the  institution  in 
the  absence  of  Dr.  Hazelius,  and  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Theological  Seminary  expressed  sincere  pleasure  at  the 
safe  return  of  Dr.  Hazelius  from  his  tour  to  Germany,  and 
declared  "its  satisfaction  and  pleasure  that  his  ability  and 
faithfulness  are  not  impaired  by  his  advanced  age".  The 
entire  confidence  of  the  Board  was  thus  put  on  record.  In 
October,  1843,  Rev.  C.  B.  Thummel  resigned  and  moved  to 
Ohio. 

But  by  the  convention  of  1846  the  devout  and  consecrated 
Dr.  Hazelius  felt  the  need  of  an  assistant  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  his  arduous  labors.  This  was  left  to  the  choice  of 
Dr.  Hazelius  himself,  and  at  the  next  convention  of  the  synod, 
1847,  he  reported  that  he  had  employed  Rev.  J.  F.  W.  Lep- 
pard,  who  had  "given  satisfaction  to  all  concerned";  but 
it  was  not  until  December,  1849,  that  another  regular  profes- 
sor was  elected  in  the  person  of  Rev.  Lewis  Eichelberger, 
of  Virginia. 

In  1848  the  first  expressions  of  dissatisfaction  were  heard 
as  to  the  present  location  of  the  Seminary,  but  at  that  time 
the  synod  did  not  share  in  that  opinion,  and  declared  at  the 
convention  of  1847  that  in  the  nearly  twenty  years  of  its 
location  at  Lexington,  it  had  prospered,  that  the  number 
of  our  ministers  had  increased  sevenfold,  the  congregations 
proportionately,  and  that  little  sickness,  and  no  death  had 
occurred.  In  fact,  it  was  reported  that  scarcely  a  case  of 
illness  had  come  into  the  institution.  Mention  was  also 
made,  1848,  of  a  donation  of  $4,000  by  Mr.  Henry  Muller, 
of  Sandy  Run.  The  Board  reported  (1849)  that  a  "pious 
layman.  Brother  John  Rauch",  had  been  secured  to  take 
charge  of  the  Academy  to  instruct  the  preparatory  students. 

Then  at  the  convention  of  1850  it  was  reported  that  Rev. 
Lewis  Eichelberger,  the  assistant  professor  and  principal  in 
the  Classical  Department,  had  entered  upon  his  duties  on 
the  twenty-second  of  September  of  that  year.  His  resigna- 
tion, however,  is  reported  in  November,  1850,  so  that  his 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  67 

term  of  service  at  that  time  was  of  short  duration.  Subse- 
quently Rev.  William  Berly  was  elected  to  this  position,  and 
on  January,  1851,  he  entered  upon  his  duties.  In  the  report 
announcing  his  election  the  declining  health  and  resignation 
of  the  venerable  professor,  Dr.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  are  also 
stated,  to  the  deep  regret  of  the  Board  and  the  Church  in 
the  South. 

Shadows  were  thus  falling  over  this  institution,  which 
meant  so  much  for  the  Church,  and  especially  for  the  South 
Carolina  Synod;  and  yet  the  sun  was  still  shining  above  the 
clouds,  and  larger  things  were  to  come  in  answer  to  the 
earnest  prayers  of  the  Church. 

When  the  convention  of  1852  opened  in  St.  Mark's  Church, 
Edgefield  County,  November  12,  it  was  reported  that  Dr. 
Hazelius,  "though  laboring  under  the  weight  of  advancing 
age  and  increasing  infirmities,  had  continued  to  conduct  the 
Theological  Department  with  his  accustomed  diligence  and 
punctuality."  Then,  incidentally,  the  synodical  record  gives 
the  information  that  Rev.  Lewis  Eichelberger  had  again  been 
elected  as  professor  of  theology  in  the  Seminary,  and  was 
present  at  the  synod;  and  in  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors it  is  said,  "The  Board  regrets  the  necessity  of  accepting 
the  resignation  of  our  venerable  professor.  Rev.  Dr.  Hazelius, 
assures  him  of  their  continued  affection  and  regard,  and  that 
such  provision  will  be  made  for  his  future  support  as  his  long 
and  faithful  services  so  justly  deserve." 

Rev.  Lewis  Eichelberger  entered  upon  his  duties  on  the 
first  Monday  in  November,  1852.  For  some  time  before 
this.  Rev.  William  Berly  had  been  carrying  forward  both 
departments  of  the  institution  in  consequence  of  the  failing 
health  of  Dr.  Hazelius;  therefore,  the  coming  of  Rev.  Lewis 
Eichelberger  to  the  institution  was  a  real  blessing.* 

The  president's  report,  November  11,  1853,  gives  the  in- 
formation that  Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  had  gone  to  his 
heavenly  reward,  having  died  on  the  Lord's  Day  evening, 
February  20,  1853.  For  thirty-eight  years  he  had  served  the 
Church  in  the  capacity  of  professor  of  theology,  twenty  years 


•(See  Minutes  of  1852,  p.  227.) 


68  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

at  Lexington,  and  his  whole  life  had  been  given  in  Christian 
service.  In  the  period  of  his  professorship  in  the  Seminary 
Dr.  Hazelius  wrote  three  books  whose  publication  was  a 
valuable  contribution  to  the  scant  Lutheran  literature  of  the 
time  in  the  English  language.  These  books  are  valuable  for 
reference  to  the  present  day.  They  are:  Discipline,  Arti- 
cles of  Faith  and  Synodical  Constitution,  As  Adopted  by  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina  and  Adjacent 
States.  1841.  A  History  of  the  Christian  Church  from  the 
Earliest  Ages  to  the  Present  Time,  1842  (to  be  published  in 
four  volumes,  of  which,  however,  only  the  first  volume  ap- 
peared). History  of  the  American  Lutheran  Church  from 
its  Commencement  in  the  Year  of  Our  Lord  1685  to  the  Year 
1842.     1846. 

Dr.  Hazelius  died  in  his  76th  year,  full  of  good  works, 
and  his  remains  rest  in  Lexington,  near  the  Seminary  in 
which  he  had  served  so  long  and  faithfully.* 

At  its  convention  in  1922  the  synod  directed  that  a  tablet 
to  the  memory  of  Dr  Hazelius  be  placed  in  the  Seminary 
and  appropriated  $300  for  the  purpose. 

The  necessity  of  employing  another  teacher  induced  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Seminary  to  engage  the  services 
of  Mr,  Simeon  E,  Caughman,  a  well  known  educator,  who 
rendered  very  satisfactory  work  in  the  institution. 

It  was  evident,  however,  that  a  crisis  had  come  in  the  life 
of  this  School  of  the  Prophets  and  that  important  changes 
were  inevitable.  Already  in  1848  the  matter  of  removal  had 
been  agitated,  and  now  in  the  convention  of  1854  the  presi- 
dent in  his  annual  report  announced  the  fact  that  the  Board, 
at  a  meeting  in  June  of  that  year,  had  taken  notice  of  rumors 
of  an  intention  to  find  another  location. 

Sooner  than  was  expected  that  issue  was  clearly  drawn; 
and  in  the  Board's  report  to  the  synod  the  following  pre- 
amble and  resolutions  were  adopted: 

"Inasmuch  as  our  Institution  at  Lexington  is  evidently  in  a  lan- 
guishing condition,  and  owing,  no  doubt,  in  part  at  least,  to  local 
circumstances,  which  the  future  does  not  promise  to  obviate;  there- 
fore, be  it 


*(See  Minutes  of  1853,   pp.  6,  67-70.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  69 


1.  Resolved,  That,  in  the  opinion  of  synod,  there  is  a  necessity 
for  its  removal  to  a  more  eligible  situation,  and  that  the  Direc- 
tors be,  and  are  hereby,  instructed  to  take  the  necessary  steps 
to  effect  the  removal  to  such  place  in  South  Carolina  as  may 
promise  a  more  eligible  location. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Directors  be  also  instructed  to  obtain  from 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  such  amendments  in  the  Charter, 
as  to  constitute  it  a  regular  College,  with  the  power  of  con- 
ferring degrees. 

3.  Resolved,  That  the  Institution,  with  its  new  Charter,  shall  be 
called   College   of   South   Carolina." 

The  convention  of  the  synod  of  November,  1855,  was  held 
in  Bethlehem  Church,  Newberry  County,  at  which  time  it 
was  reported  that  the  Board  of  Directors,  on  the  twenty-sev- 
enth of  June,  1855,  had  appointed  the  necessary  committee 
to  receive  proposals  for  the  location  of  the  institution. 

Proposals  from  Walhalla  and  Newberry  were  presented, 
the  question  of  removal  was  definitely  settled,  and  Newberry 
was  chosen  as  the  place  of  location. 

The  treasurer's  report  showed  that  the  Fund  of  the  Classi- 
cal Academy  and  Theological  Seminary  had  now  reached 
the  sum  of  $23,386,  which  included  cash  and  bonds,  notes 
and  stocks. 

The  Board  of  Directors  reported  that  Mr.  M.  Whittle  had 
been  engaged  in  the  English  Department,  and  that  Dr.  Lewis 
Eichelberger  was  assisting  Prof.  William  Berly  in  the  Classi- 
cal Department. 

Theological  Seminary  and  Newberry  College 

We  now  reach  one  of  the  most  important  periods  in  the 
history  of  the  Classical  and  Theological  institution  of  the 
synod.  The  convention  of  1856  was  held  in  Mount  Calvary 
Church,  Edgefield  County,  and  to  this  convention  of  the  synod 
the  Board  of  Directors  reported  that  a  suitable  location  had 
been  selected  for  the  college  site,  the  land  purchased  and 
titles  secured.  Two  agents  had  been  employed  to  collect  ad- 
ditional funds — Col.  John  R.  Leavell  and  Rev.  T.  S.  Boinest, 
the  latter  being  subsequently  elected  general  agent  for  the 
college.  Architectural  plans,  submitted  by  a  Mr.  Walker 
of  Columbia,  had  been  adopted,  provision  made  to  secure 


70  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

an  amended  charter,  and  the  necessary  action  was  taken  to 
safeguard  the  funds  given  for  special  purposes,  that  none 
should  be  paid  out  for  any  purpose  other  "than  that  for 
which  it  was  originally  contributed". 

The  charter  was  presented  to  synod  and  by  resolution  pro- 
vided that  eighteen  names  should  make  up  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, twelve  to  be  members  of  our  Church,  and  six  to  be  citi- 
zens of  the  town  of  Newberry  and  vicinity.  This  Board 
was  thus  constituted: 

Revs.  J.  Bachman,  E.  B.  Hort,  N.  Aldrich,  T.  S.  Boinest, 
J.  P.  Margart  and  J.  H.  Bailey.  Messrs.  Dr.  G.  Muller,  W. 
K.  Bachman,  Matthias  Barre,  Dr.  P.  Todd,  J.  K.  Schumpert, 
J.  P.  Aull,  Henry  Summer,  N.  A.  Hunter,  Gen.  A.  C.  Garling- 
ton,  Dr.  0.  B.  Mayer,  Col.  S.  Fair,  and  Maj.  John  P.  Kinard. 

These  trustees  were  constituted  the  building  committee 
and  empowered  to  appoint  such  sub-committees  from  their 
number  as  they  might  deem  best.  Ten  members  of  the  Board 
constituted  a  quorum  at  all  meetings. 

The  Board  was  authorized  to  proceed  in  the  erection  of 
of  the  building,  provided  the  cost,  including  the  land,  should 
not  exceed  $21,000,  and  that  the  synod  should  not  be  made 
liable  for  any  debt  in  the  progress  of  the  work. 

The  charter  adopted  provided  that  the  Board  of  Trustees 
be  elected  annually  at  the  meetings  and  by  the  members  of 
the  synod. 

It  was  resolved  at  the  convention  of  1855  that  the  insti- 
tution be  known  and  designated  as  "Luther  College  and  The- 
ological Seminary",  but  at  the  convention  of  1856  this  was 
reconsidered  and  the  name  Newberry  College  adopted.* 

We  now  reach  the  transition  period  in  the  history  of  this 
dual  institution — a  time  of  peculiar  and  conflicting  emotions. 
A  tree  which  had  taken  deep  root  in  dear  old  Lexington  was 
being  pulled  up  to  be  transplanted  in  another  soil.  Many 
hearts  were  sad,  while  others  rejoiced;  but  the  loyal  devo- 
tion of  our  people  was  shown  in  their  continued  support 
of  the  institution  and  in  the  oneness  of  their  desire  to  build 
up  the  Church  of  God  and  advance  His  cause. 


■(See  Minutes  of   1855,  pp.   24-30,   and  Convention  of  1856,  pp.   22,  23,  26  and  27.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  71 

Soon  after  the  meeting  of  the  synod  in  1856  a  contract 
was  let  for  the  erection  of  the  college  building,  to  cost 
$18,000,  Osborne  Wells  and  Wallace  A.  Cline  being  the  con- 
tractors. 

The  cornerstone  was  laid  July  15,  1856,  with  addresses 
by  Rev.  J.  J.  Brantley,  Baptist  pastor  at  Newberry,  Dr.  John 
Bachman,  Maj.  Henry  Summer  and  Gen.  A.  C.  Garlington. 
At  the  convention  of  October  29,  1857,  it  was  reported  that 
the  walls  of  the  first  story  were  nearly  completed,  and  that 
the  building  was  to  be  finished  by  October,  1858. 

By  July,  1858,  one  wing  of  the  college  building  was  suf- 
ficiently completed  to  admit  of  its  being  occupied,  and  accord- 
ingly the  Board  decided  to  open  the  Preparatory  Department 
on  the  first  Monday  of  October.  Rev.  M.  Whittle,  a  gradu- 
ate of  Roanoke  College,  was  elected  to  the  principalship  of 
that  Department,  and  the  prospects  were  bright.  The  term 
opened  with  over  fifty  students;  $28,000  had  been  raised 
by  the  sale  of  scholarships,  and  by  donations. 

After  the  convention  of  synod  in  1857,  Rev.  Lewis  Eichel- 
berger,  D.D.,  resigned  his  professorship  in  the  Theological 
Department,  which  resignation  took  effect  July,  1858.  The 
Board  elected  Rev.  William  Berly  temporarily  to  fill  this  po- 
sition. He  entered  upon  his  duties  in  September,  and  reported 
at  the  convention  of  October  30,  1858,  that  he  had  discharged 
the  twofold  duties  of  the  office — teaching  both  theology  and 
the  classics. 

The  report  of  the  trustees  closes  with  the  information  that 
Rev.  Theophilus  Stork,  D.D.,  had  been  elected  president, 
and  his  reply  was  looked  forward  to  with  the  hope  that  he 
would  accept.  The  report  also  stated  that  the  necessary  ar- 
rangements would  be  made  for  the  removal  of  the  institu- 
tion to  Newberry. 

Accordingly,  it  was  reported  to  the  synod  in  1859  that  the 
College  and  Seminary  had  opened  in  the  large  and  substan- 
tial new  building  at  Newberry,  and  that  Dr.  Theophilus  Stork, 
the  president  of  the  College,  and  Rev.  J.  A.  Brown,  D.D., 
professor  of  theology,  were  present.  These  brethren  were 
elected  members  of  the  synod. 


72  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Then,  at  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  October  29,  1859,  the 
synod  proceeded  in  a  body  to  the  college,  where  Rev.  The- 
ophilus  Stork,  D.D.,  and  Prof.  Robert  Garlington  deliv- 
ered their  inaugural  addresses  before  a  large  assembly. 
On  the  next  day,  October  30,  at  11  o'clock,  Rev.  J.  A.  Brown, 
D.D.,  was  inaugurated  professor  of  theology,  he  having  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  February,  1859. 

At  the  close  of  the  synod  in  1859,  about  135  students  had 
been  enrolled,  and  the  following  assistant  teachers  had  been 
added  to  the  college  faculty:  Messrs.  M.  Whittle,  J.  A. 
Sligh,  J.  D.  Boozer  and  Mr.  Hard.  Before  the  end  of  the 
term,  however,  Mr.  Hard  resigned,  and  Mr,  A.  P.  Pifer  was 
elected  as  the  head  of  the  Preparatory  Department. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  year  1859  closed  with  a  most 
encouraging  outlook  for  the  future  of  the  College  and  Sem- 
inary. 

When  the  synod  met  on  October  25,  1860,  the  increasing 
prosperity  of  the  institution  was  hailed  with  special  pleasure 
and  devout  gratitude;  but,  unexpectedly,  Rev.  T.  Stork,  D.D., 
had  resigned  the  presidency  because  of  ill  health,  and  it 
became  necessary  to  make  some  changes  in  the  teaching  force 
in  the  College.  Rev.  J.  H.  Bailey  was  elected  principal  of 
the  Preparatory  Department,  Rev.  C.  F.  Bansemer,  by  ar- 
rangement of  Dr.  Stork,  had  had  charge  of  Latin  and  Greek, 
but  subsequently  Rev.  J.  J.  Brantley,  D.D.,  Baptist  pastor 
at  Newberry,  was  elected  to  this  position.  Rev.  Dr.  J.  A. 
Brown  had  also  been  asked  to  act  as  president  of  the  College 
during  the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Theophilus  Stork's  incum- 
bency. Prof.  A.  P.  Pifer  was  elected  principal  of  the 
Classical  Department  and  adjunct  professor  of  the  Latin  lan- 
guage, Rev.  M.  Whittle  having  resigned. 

Other  vacancies  occurred,  and  Rev.  James  M.  Schreckhise 
was  made  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek;  he  also  taught  in 
the  Primary  Department. 

When  the  convention  of  1859-1860  began,  the  brightest 
hues  colored  the  horizon ;  one  hundred  and  fifty  students  were 
in  attendance;  the  teaching  force  was  characterized  by  a 
commendable   zeal   and   all   hearts   throbbed   with   buoyant 


74  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

hope.  The  dream  of  years  was  being  realized,  and  the  seed- 
time promised  an  abundant  harvest. 

But  very  soon  a  storm  cloud  rose  in  the  distance;  war  was 
borne  on  the  breeze;  cannon  boomed  over  the  hills;  students 
marched  to  the  beat  of  martial  airs;  political  elements  of 
generations  were  forming  a  volcano  from  whose  fiery  crater 
only  death  could  come;  and,  ere  long,  the  dreams  and  toils 
of  our  fathers  seemed  to  lie  in  ruins. 

The  synod  did  not  meet  until  January  16,  1862.  At  this 
convention  the  Board  reported  that  on  the  fifteenth  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1861,  the  college  was  placed  under  the  supervision 
of  Prof.  Robert  Garlington,  Rev.  J.  A.  Brown,  D.D.,  having 
resigned  and  left  the  state.  Then  on  the  fifth  of  February 
Rev.  Josiah  P.  Smeltzer,  of  Salem,  Va.,  was  elected  presi- 
dent, pro  tem.,  and  professor  of  theology  in  the  Theological 
Seminary.  He  accepted  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
dual  position  April  8,  1861.  At  the  Board's  June  meeting, 
1861,  Rev.  Webster  Eichelberger  was  elected  adjunct  pro- 
fessor of  Languages  and  principal  of  the  Preparatory  De- 
partment, several  professors  having  joined  the  army;  but 
he  was  not  able  to  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties  until 
October,  1862,  having  been  in  actual  war  service. 

For  lack  of  students  in  the  Theological  Department  that 
arm  of  the  service  was  suspended,  to  be  resumed  in  Septem- 
ber, 1861,  but  even  then  no  students  of  divinity  presented 
themselves.  Nor  was  that  Department  again  fully  opened 
until  October,  1866,  only  one  student  being  mentioned  in 
the  intervening  years  between  1861  and  1865.* 

At  the  meeting  of  synod  in  October,  1863,  the  noteworthy 
fact  is  mentioned  that  the  secretary  of  the  Board,  Henry  Sum- 
mer, Esq.,  heard  lessons  in  Latin,  History,  Composition  and 
Rhetoric  "each  afternoon  of  the  teaching  days,  from  the 
twenty-third  or  twenty-fourth  of  March  to  the  close  of  the 
session  in  June"  of  that  year. 

The  real  crisis  in  the  life  of  the  College  extended  from 
1863  to  1865,  culminating  in  the  occupancy  of  the  building 
by  Federal  soldiers  under  Brigadier  General  Van  Wyck  in 


*(See  Minutes   of  1863,   p.    31.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  75 

July,  1865,  which  use  and  abuse  of  the  college  finally  led  to 
the  ruin  of  the  building.  When  the  synod  met  in  October, 
1864,  the  suspension  of  the  exercises  of  the  institution  seemed 
inevitable,  for  there  were  then  only  thirty  students  in  the  Col- 
lege,— four  in  the  College  proper,  seven  in  the  Preparatory 
Department,  and  nineteen  in  the  Primary  Departments.  Such 
had  been  the  havoc  wrought  by  the  War  Between  the  States. 

Naturally  and  inevitably  there  followed  what  the  president 
in  his  annual  report,  October,  1865,  styled  a  "partial  sus- 
pension of  the  college  at  Newberry";  and  the  same  was  true 
of  the  Theological  Department,  for  he  says,  "Not  one  es- 
caped." They  had  either  fallen  in  battle  or  died  from  dis- 
ease.* 

By  special  resolution  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  instructed 
to  meet  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  November  to  open  the 
College  and  appoint  professors.  Under  this  action.  Rev. 
John  Bachman,  D.D.,  moved  the  reelection  of  the  same  Board 
then  in  office,  which  was  adopted. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  synod,  October,  1866,  the  Board 
reported  that  "a  nucleus  of  a  school"  had  been  continued 
under  the  supervision  and  instruction  of  Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer, 
D.D.;  and  here  we  find  a  verification  of  the  old  truth  that 
great  crises  bring  out  great  heroes.  This  sainted  man  of 
God  stood  by  the  College  in  this  darkest  hour  of  its  existence, 
taught  almost  without  pay,  and  conducted  a  bakery  in  his 
home,  working  with  his  own  hands,  that  he  might  support 
his  family  and  maintain  the  institution  until  the  dawning  of 
a  brighter  day. 

At  that  meeting  of  the  synod  the  necessary  legal  steps  were 
taken  to  recover  damages  for  the  injury  done  to  the  building 
by  Federal  soldiers;  this  end  was  not  attained,  however,  un- 
til 1898,  when  the  Government  at  Washington  paid  over  to 
the  college  authorities  $15,000.  The  net  amount  received, 
after  paying  contingent  fees,  attorney's  fees,  etc.,  was  $10,- 
500.  Of  this  amount  $500  was  spent  in  repairs  on  Smeltzer 
Hall  and  $10,000  was  constituted  a  memorial  to  Rev.  Dr. 
G.  W.  Holland,  known  as  the  Holland  Memorial  Fund. 


'(See  Minutes  of   1865,  p.   48.) 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements 


77 


The  College  opened  on  the  first  Monday  in  October,  1866, 
under  Rev.  Prof.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.,  Prof.  A.  P.  Pifer  and 
Prof.  Robert  Garlington.  There  were  twenty-three  students 
in  the  College  and  two  in  the  Theological  Department — H.  S. 
Wingard  and  S.  T.  Hallman. 


REV.    J.    p.    SMELTZER,   D.D. 


But  the  clouds  had  not  yet  passed.  There  was  a  debt  of 
$19,180.65  hanging  over  the  College,  and  the  walls  of  the 
building  were  slowly,  but  surely,  crumbling.  Finally  the 
college  property  was  surrendered.  Its  creditors  subse- 
quently gave  up  their  claims,  and  the  debt  was  thus  canceled. 
The  building,  however,  had  become  unsafe,  and  so,  after  the 
convention  of  1867-1868,  the  College  found  a  home  in  Wal- 
halla,  where  it  lived  and  prospered.  At  the  opening  of  the 
session  in  1877  the  College  came  back  to  Newberry,  whose 
people  received  it  with  warm  hearts  and  open  hands,  having 
erected   a  splendid   building  for   its  permanent   occupancy. 


78  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

There  it  now  lives — the  pride  and  glory  of  our  Church  in 
South  Carolina. 

In  1867  the  College  and  the  Theological  Seminary,  in  a 
sense,  began  to  part  company  as  a  dual  institution.  At  the 
convention  of  1867  the  president  informed  the  synod  that, 
by  her  action,  the  General  Synod  in  the  South  had  taken 
over  the  Seminary;  but  that  our  synodical  Seminary  Fund 
does  not  cease  to  be  our  property,  and  her  alumni  are  not 
to  be  deprived  of  their  Alma  Mater.  This  action  was  sus- 
tained by  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  General  Synod  in  May, 

1867.  Rev.  Prof.  J.  P.  Smeltzer  was  elected  professor  of 
theology,  and  Rev.  A.  R.  Rude  was  elected  as  an  additional 
professor  of  theology. 

The  Seminary  in  its  changed  relation  continued  with  New- 
berry College  through  the  scholastic  year,  which  closed  June, 

1868,  and  after  that  was  in  charge  of  Rev.  A.  R.  Rude,  D.D., 
for  a  short  while  in  Columbia.  Subsequently  it  was  removed 
to  Salem,  Va. 

There  is  what  may  be  termed  "a  missing  link"  in  the  life 
of  the  Theological  Seminary.  In  1867  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  made  overtures  to  the  General  Synod  in  the  South  to 
take  over  this  School  of  the  Prophets  and  locate  it  as  seemed 
best  to  that  body.  The  desired  action  was  taken,  and  a  Board 
was  elected  from  all  the  synods  constituting  the  General 
Synod;  but  when  the  General  Synod  met  in  Charleston,  S.  C, 
April,  1884,  the  Seminary  was  discontinued  by  a  vote  of 
twelve  against  eleven  dissenting  votes.* 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  then  held  a  called  meeting  May 
27,  1884,  and  took  over  the  Seminary,  connected  it  with 
Newberry  College,  and  put  it  under  the  faculty  of  the  Col- 
lege, Mr.  G.  W.  Dingle,  of  Charleston,  being  then  treasurer 
of  our  Seminary  Fund. 

The  College  Board,  under  the  action  of  synod,  elected  Rev. 
A.  G.  Voigt  professor  of  Modern  Languages  in  the  College. 
He  was  also  elected  professor  of  theology  in  the  Seminary 
and  served  in  this  dual  capacity  from  1885  to  1889.  Rev. 
Mr.  Voigt  removed  to  Newberry  from  Mt.  Holly,  N.  J.,  where 


•(See   Gen.   Synod   Minutes  of   1884,   pp.   23,35,38,39.) 


80  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


he  was  serving  a  pastorate.  Resigning  his  professorship  in 
1889  he  became  professor  in  and  acting  president  of  Thiel 
College,  Greenville,  Pa.  He  returned  to  the  Seminary  of 
the  synod  at  Newberry  in  1891  and  served  as  professor  un- 
til 1898,  when  he  resigned  to  become  pastor  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Wilmington,  N.  C.  In  1903  he  was  recalled  by  the 
Board  of  the  Seminary,  now  the  institution  of  the  United 
Synod  in  the  South,  as  Professor  and  Dean,  and  has  contin- 
ued in  that  position  to  the  present  time.  Dr.  Voigt  has  proved 
himself  worthy  of  all  the  honors  conferred  upon  him.  His 
profound  scholarship  and  ecclesiastical  statesmanship  are 
universally  recognized. 

When  the  General  Synod  in  the  South  abandoned  the  Sem- 
inary they  retained  control  of  their  Seminary  Fund.  The 
South  Carolina  Synod  also  had  its  Seminary  Fund,  which 
can  never  be  diverted  from  the  original  purpose  of  its  donors, 
the  interest,  however,  being  available  for  theological  edu- 
cation. This  fund,  of  which  Dr.  Geo.  Y.  Hunter  is  treasurer, 
now  amounts  to  upwards  of  $13,000,  and  is  still  held  and 
administered  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

In  the  formation  of  the  United  Synod  in  the  South  in 
1886,  that  body  named  as  one  of  its  objects  "Theological 
Seminaries";  and  so,  in  due  time,  that  action  developed  into 
the  establishment  of  its  Theological  Seminary.  Under  pro- 
visional arrangements,  it  opened  in  Newberry  College,  the 
professors  of  that  institution  giving  the  needed  instruction. 

Thus  the  South  Carolina  Synod's  Theological  Seminary 
again  became  the  Seminary  of  the  General  Body,  and  the 
"missing  link"  was  restored. 

The  work  of  the  Seminary  at  Salem,  Va.,  was  carried  on 
for  a  decade  with  more  or  less  success.  Discouragement 
caused  its  discontinuance  by  the  General  Synod  in  1884. 
But  the  South  Carolina  Synod  resumed  the  work  in  1886,  in 
connection  with  Newberry  College,  as  has  been  said. 

This  year  was  marked  by  the  founding  of  the  United  Synod 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the  South,  and  this 
body  promptly  took  into  consideration  the  establishment  of 
a  central  theological  seminary,  a  plan  which  was  not  real- 
ized until  1898,  when,  by  the  generosity  of  the  Lutherans 


PROFESSORS'    HOUSES.    SOUTHERN    SEMINARY 


82  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

at  Charleston,  a  home  was  given  to  the  insti'ution  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  S.  C,  and  an  endowment  fund  of  $30,000  was 
raised  throughout  the  United  Synod.  Meanwhile  the  fiieo- 
logical  school  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  at  Newberry  had 
been  adopted  by  the  United  Synod  in  1892.  The  location 
at  Mt.  Pleasant  proved  unsatisfactory,  and  the  liberal  ofter 
of  a  site  of  six  acres  and  a  large  cash  donation  drew  the  in- 
stitution to  the  city  of  Columbia.  A  granite  building  was 
erected  in  1911,  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $50,000.  The  corner- 
stone was  laid  on  January  10,  and  the  building  was  dedi- 
cated on  October  11,  1911. 

In  1918  the  United  Synod  merged  with  other  bodies  to 
form  the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America,  and  trans- 
ferred the  institution  to  its  component  synods,  asking  them 
to  elect  trustees.  The  new  Board  of  Trustees  met  and  or- 
ganized in  Columbia  in  January,  1919.  In  1921  a  charter 
was  secured  and  the  institution  was  incorporated. 

There  are  153  living  alumni  of  the  Seminary,  graduating 
between  the  year  1866  and  1923,  inclusive.  Of  these,  133 
are  serving  pastorates  in  the  Southern  Church.  Five  are 
foreign  missionaries,  three  serving  in  Japan,  one  in  India  and 
one  in  Africa.  The  Faculty  at  present  consists  of  Rev.  An- 
drew G.  Voigt,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Dean;  Rev.  Charles  K.  Bell, 
D.D.,  Rev.  John  W.  Horine,  D.D.,  Rev.  Walton  H.  Greever, 
D.D.  Rev.  Charles  A.  Freed,  D.D.,  is  president  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees.  The  synod's  representatives  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees  are  Revs.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.,  C.  A.  Freed,  D.D., 
and  Messrs.  A.  H.  Kohn,  W.  G.  Allworden  and  C.  M.  Efird, 
Esq. 

We  devote  so  much  of  our  space  to  the  College  and  The- 
ological Seminary  because  of  their  far-reaching  influence 
and  the  large  part  they  have  played  in  the  building  up  of  the 
Church  and  in  creating  higher  ideals  of  life  and  duty. 

After  full  sixteen  years  of  ardent  devotion  to  the  College 
and  of  self-sacrificing  toil.  Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.,  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Holland,  D.D.,  whose  noble  life 
was  a  benediction  to  thousands,  an  unceasing  power  for  good 
in  the  College  and  in  the  Church  at  large.  For  twenty-one 
years  he  was  connected  with  the  College,   seventeen  years 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements 


83 


as  its  efficient  and  successful  president,  from  1878  to  his 
death  in  1895,  and  his  dying  prayer,  "God  bless  Newberry 
College,"  has  been  and  ever  will  be  abundantly  answered. 
The  mind  of  the  synod  then  rested  upon  the  Hon.  George 
B.  Cromer,  an  able  lawyer  of  the  Newberry  bar.  He  wa.s 
unanimously  tendered  this  responsible  position,  October, 
1895,  and,  conscientious  Christian  that  he  is,  he  believed 
this  call  to  be  one  from  the  Church,  left  his  chosen  profes- 


REV.    GEO.    W.    HOLLAND,    D.D. 


sion,  and  entered  upon  the  presidency  of  the  College.  He 
performed  the  duties  of  this  office  with  marked  ability  and 
success  for  about  seven  years,  when  he  resigned,  to  the  deep 
regret  of  the  synod.  Because  of  his  scholarship  and  marked 
ability,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Wittenberg  College  and  by  Muhlenberg  College. 

Rev.  James  A.  B.  Scherer,  Ph.D.,  was  elected  his  succes- 
sor, and  during  his  term  of  service  materially  increased  the 
endowment  of  the  College  from  the  year  1904  to  1908,  when 


HOLLAND    HALL,    NEWBERRY    COLLEGE 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  85 

he  accepted  a  position  in  another  field  of  labor.  It  was 
through  his  influence  that  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  gave  $10,000 
to  the  College,  and  Dr.  D.  K.  Pearson  $25,000,  which,  to- 
gether with  other  gifts  from  many  friends,  put  the  College 
in  better  financial  condition  than  ever  before  in  its  history. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  held  in 
Columbia  in  1908,  Rev.  J.  Henry  Harms,  D.D.,  an  alumnus 
of  the  College,  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  institu- 
tion, which  he  administered  successfully  and  efficiently  for 
ten  years,  resigning  May  9,  1918.  His  connection  with  the 
College  was  efficient  and  highly  profitable.  He  resigned  that 
he  might  return  to  pastoral  work. 

At  once  the  mind  of  the  Board  and  of  the  Synod  turned 
to  another  of  our  own  men,  one  who  had  abundantly  shown 
his  loyalty  to  the  institution  and  his  ability  as  one  of  its  pro- 
fessors. That  man  is  Professor  S.  J.  Derrick,  who  was  elected 
president  June  3,  1918,  and  has  proved  himself  to  be  a 
worthy  successor  of  the  strong  men  who  preceded  him.  Un- 
der his  management  and  control  of  the  institution  the  College 
is  steadily  growing  in  service  and  power  of  influence,  and 
a  very  bright  future  lies  before  it.  He  has  been  honored 
by  Lenoir  College  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  which  he  worth- 
ily bears. 

In  summing  up  the  history  of  Newberry  College  it  is  only 
just  to  say  that  no  college  in  the  South  can  show  a  combined 
force  of  abler  and  better  men  than  those  who  have  taught  in 
its  classic  halls  during  the  sixty-eight  years  of  its  existence. 
Their  labors  and  influence  will  live  down  to  the  end  of  time. 
From  their  instruction  have  gone  out  over  759  graduates, 
and  hundreds  of  others,  who  took  special  courses.  These 
have  done  honor  to  all  callings  and  professions,  and  have 
materially  aided  in  making  this  a  better  world  in  which  to 
live. 

With  all  the  trials  incident  to  its  life  it  has  moved 
slowly  upward  financially,  and  now  has  an  endowment  of 
$175,000  and  a  property  value  of  $150,000, — a  grand  total 
of  $325,000,  with  the  facilities  for  thorough  collegiate  train- 
ing. With  11,000  volumes  in  its  library,  and  other  sources 
of  information  at  hand,  no  fears  need  be  entertained  as  to 


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Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  87 

the  training  which  young  men  may  receive  in  Newberry  Col- 
lege. True  to  the  Word  of  God,  thoroughly  sound  in  a  pure, 
scriptural  faith,  and  standing  for  the  highest,  noblest  and 
best  in  life,  we  can  in  all  conscience,  say,  "God  bless  New- 
berry College." 

Summerlana  College 

The  es.ablishment  of  a  college  for  women  by  the  Lutherans 
of  South  Carolina  had  its  origin  in  the  Joint  Conference  com- 
posed of  the  South  Carolina  Conference  of  the  Tennessee 
Synod  and  the  Central  Conference  of  the  South  Carolina 
Synod.  At  a  meeting  of  that  body,  held  at  Bethel  Church, 
Lexington  County,  April  3,  1909,  a  committee  was  appointejl 
"to  take  into  consideration  the  advisability  and  feasibility 
of  the  establishment  of  a  female  college  within  our  state". 

Two  years  later,  April  29,  1911,  the  same  body  in  session 
at  St.  Michael's  Church,  only  a  few  miles  from  the  former 
place  of  meeting,  endorsed  a  movement  for  the  establishment 
of  such  a  school,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  take  up  the 
matter  in  conjunction  with  a  committee  from  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  and  from  the  Tennessee  Synod.  The  Conference 
Committee  was  composed  of  Dr.  E.  J.  Etheredge,  Rev.  C.  P. 
Boozer,  Rev.  J.  A.  Cromer,  and  Hon.  C.  M.  Efird.  The 
South  Carolina  Synod  appointed  as  its  representative  Rev. 
S.  P.  Koon;  Rev.  B.  D.  Wessinger  was  the  representative 
from  the  Tennessee  Synod. 

The  committee  organized  in  Columbia,  December,  1911, 
and  announced  itself  ready  to  receive  bids  for  the  location 
of  the  proposed  school.  Various  meetings  were  held  from 
time  to  time,  and  it  was  unanimously  decided  on  the  first 
ballot  to  recommend  the  Summerland  Inn  property,  which 
was  proffered  by  the  citizens  of  Batesburg  and  Leesville. 

The  next  meeting  of  Conference  was  held  at  Bethlehem 
Church,  Irmo.  Here  the  recommendation  of  the  committee 
was  sustained,  with  a  resolution  to  offer  said  Summerland 
Inn  property  to  the  South  Carolina  Synod  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  college  for  women.  A  called  meeting  of  synod  was 
held  at  Summerland  May  28,  1912,  when  the  property  was 
accepted  by  the  synod  for  the  purpose  named.     At  this  meet- 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  89 


ing  six  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  were  elected,  as 
follows:  Rev.  S.  C,  Ballentine,  Rev.  C.  P.  Boozer,  Rev.  S. 
P.  Koon,  Dr.  E.  J.  Etheredge,  Dr.  J.  I.  Bedenbaugh,  Mr.  H. 
S.  Black. 

As  a  result  of  much  faithful  labor  and  in  answer  to  many 
earnest  prayers,  Summerland  College  was  auspiciously 
opened  October  1,  1912,  for  the  higher  education  of  the 
daughters  of  our  beloved  Church. 

The  old  dormitory  is  a  large  building  equipped  with  all 
modem  conveniences,  including  electric  lights,  steam  heat, 
hot  and  cold  water,  sewerage,  and  special  fire  protection. 
Every  room  is  an  outside  room,  insuring  good  light  and  ven- 
tilation. This  building  will  be  remodeled  in  the  near  future, 
and  will  be  used  as  an  administration  building. 

The  recitation  hall  is  a  substantial  brick  building  within 
fifty  feet  of  the  dormitory,  and  is  well  suited  for  the  work. 
The  class  rooms  are  large,  airy  and  well  lighted. 

In  November,  1919,  Summerland  College  united  with 
Newberry  College  in  an  effort  to  raise  a  three-hundred-thou- 
sand-dollar educational  fund.  Their  object  was  ably  sup- 
ported by  the  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina,  to  which 
they  belong,  and  as  a  result  their  campaign  met  with  the 
greatest  success. 

In  October,  1920,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  Summerland  College,  a  building  committee  was  appointed, 
which  secured  the  services  of  Scroggs  &  Ewing,  architects 
of  Augusta,  Ga.  On  August  19,  1921,  the  plans  of  these 
architects  were  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  and 
adopted.  On  the  same  day  the  contract  was  let  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  dormitory  to  the  General  Building  Company 
of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  for  the  sum  of  $70,000.  On 
August  31,  1921,  ground  was  broken  for  this  new  building, 
which  was  completed  April  20,  1922. 

This  brick  building,  modeled  upon  the  most  modem  archi- 
tectural plans,  is  one  of  the  finest  dormitories  in  the  state. 
Only  the  best  quality  of  material  has  been  used  in  the  con- 
struction, and  nothing  has  been  spared  for  the  safety  and 
convenience  of  the  students.     Among  the  particularly  note- 


Educational  Aims  and  Achievements  91 

worthy  features  may  be  mentioned:  the  protection  against 
fire;  the  fresh  air  and  sunlight  in  every  room,  facing,  as  it 
does,  the  campus;  the  excellent  plumbing  facilities,  afford- 
ing one  bath  room  and  shower  to  every  four  students,  and  a 
lavatory  in  every  room;  the  two  closets  in  every  room,  assur- 
ing ample  room  for  clothing  and  trunks;  and  the  separate 
system  for  drinking  water  with  its  refrigerator  in  the  base- 
ment. To  these  may  be  added  the  faculty  suites,  with  their 
private  baths,  and  the  spacious  parlors  on  each  floor.  This 
building  was  furnished  and  in  readiness  for  occupancy  at 
the  opening  of  the  session,  September  14,   1922. 

Rev,  S.  P.  Koon  served  as  president  during  the  first  ses- 
sion, 1912  and  1913.  Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  served  as 
president  1913  to  1924.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Rev.  P. 
E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  at  the  close  of  the  session  (May,  1924), 
Rev.  F.  Grover  Morgan,  of  Hickory,  N.  C,  was  elected  pres- 
ident. He  accepted  and  prepared  to  enter  upon  his  duties 
September  1,  1924. 

In  the  twelve  years  of  Summerland  College's  existence, 
it  has  never  taken  a  backward  step  in  attendance  or  finan- 
cial income.  Every  year  has  been  a  little  better  than  the 
preceding  one.  The  College  now  has  a  select  library  of  three 
thousand  volumes,  which  it  hopes  to  increase  to  five  thousand 
by  the  opening  session  of  1924.  The  College  has  a  well 
equipped  laboratory,  music  department,  equipped  largely 
with  Stieff  pianos. 

In  its  financial  management  the  College  has  never  made 
a  current  expense  debt  to  be  carried  over  from  one  year  to 
the  next. 

The  faculty  at  the  1923-1924  session  is  composed  of  the 
following: 

Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  President  and  Teacher  of  Bible 
and  Ethics;  Mrs.  P.  E.  Monroe,  Matron;  Mrs.  Mattie  Kneece, 
Mathematics  and  Pedagogy;  Miss  A.  R.  Marriotte,  Science 
and  German;  Miss  Greta  Cunningham,  English  and  Latin; 
Miss  Mary  Bosse,  French  and  Assistant  in  English;  Miss 
Irene  Palmer,  History;  Miss  Margaret  Benner,  Piano  and 
Voice;  Miss  Blanche  Fincke,  Piano;  Miss  Bessie  Wilt,  Ex- 
pression; Mrs.  W.  D.  Wright,  Assistant  Matron. 


92 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


The  student  body  is  distributed  over  five  states,  viz.,  Geor- 
gia, Mississippi,  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  South  Carolina. 


>Suramerland 


Chapter  V 

THE  PUBLICATION  CAUSE 

THE  publication  cause  of  the  Southern  Church,  as  repre- 
sented in  its  varied  activities,  has  been  associated  almost 
invariably  with  the  work  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  Here 
on  its  territory  was  established  the  first  weekly  periodical 
after  the  district  synods  in  the  South  became  a  separate  or- 
ganization due  to  the  exigencies  of  the  Confederate  War. 
This  intimate  relation  was  continued  throughout  the  many 
vicissitudes  and  changes  which  imperiled  the  existence  of  the 
church  paper  until  the  development  in  its  wider  sphere  of 
usefulness  in  the  decade  immediately  preceding  the  merging 
of  the  publication  cause,  together  with  all  the  other  interests 
of  the  United  Synod,  into  a  central  management  under  the 
fostering  care  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America. 

Nearly  a  year  elapsed  after  the  severance  of  the  relations 
with  the  General  Synod  in  1861  before  any  action  was  taken 
looking  toward  the  establishment  of  a  weekly  church  period- 
ical in  the  South.  The  South  Carolina  Synod  took  the  initial 
step  in  this  respect  when  at  its  convention  held  at  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Pomaria,  in  January,  1862,  a  publication  commit- 
tee, charged  with  the  oversight  of  The  Southern  Lutheran, 
was  appointed.  The  paper  was  established  with  its  publica- 
tion office  in  Charleston,  with  Rev.  A.  R.  Rude  as  editor  with 
his  office  in  Columbia.  Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman  of  Charleston 
was  associated  with  Dr.  Rude  as  editor  for  a  time.  One  of 
the  most  useful  laymen  in  the  Southern  Church,  Mr.  Robert 
G.  Chisolm  of  Charleston,  assumed  the  entire  financial  respon- 
sibility for  the  publication  of  The  Southern  Lutheran  at  its 
inauguration  and  his  interest  in  the  cause  never  lagged  but 
was  maintained  until  the  day  of  his  death  in  1907.  He  was 
among  the  first  to  make  a  contribution  to  the  publication 
cause  after  it  was  established  officially  in  Columbia  in  1908, 
and  his  gift  was  most  liberal  and  cordial. 

The  General  Synod  of  the  Confederate  States  (the  name 
of  the  general  body  as  it  was  organized  at  Concord,  N.  C, 
in  1863)   assumed  no  financial  responsibility  in  the  publi- 


94  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

cation  of  the  new  church  paper,  but  in  the  same  year  gave  its 
hearty  endorsement  to  the  enterprise.  It  is  a  notable  fact 
that  although  more  than  a  century  had  elapsed  since  the  or- 
ganization of  the  first  Lutheran  synod  in  America,  The  South- 
ern Lutheran  was  the  second  English  Lutheran  Church  paper 
which  was  established  on  this  continent.  Prior  to  the  inter- 
ruption of  relations  with  the  General  Synod  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States,  The  Lutheran 
Observer,  as  the  first  English  Lutheran  paper  in  this  country, 
having  been  established  in  1831,  served  the  congregations  as 
their  medium  of  intelligence. 

The  Southern  Lutlieran  continued  its  existence  throughout 
the  period  of  the  war,  probably  until  1866.  It  frequently 
appeared  in  half -sheet  form  of  two  pages  and  sometimes  an 
issue  was  missed  entirely  on  account  of  the  inability  to  secure 
paper  on  which  to  print  it,  such  being  the  common  experience 
of  all  publications  in  the  South  during  the  period  of  1862-65. 
During  the  interval  between  this  period  and  the  establish- 
ment of  The  Lutheran  Visitor,  the  Church  in  the  South  de- 
pended as  a  medium  of  information  to  a  large  extent  upon 
The  Evangelical  Lutheran,  of  which  Rev.  Nicholas  Aldrich 
had  begun  publication  in  1866  in  Charlotte,  N.  C.  How- 
ever, on  account  of  some  dissatisfaction  with  the  management 
of  this  paper,  it  did  not  receive  an  endorsement  as  an  official 
organ  by  the  Southern  General  Synod  (then  known  as  the 
General  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  North 
America),  and  this  condition  of  affairs  created  a  demand  for 
a  church  paper  which  the  synod  could  recommend  to  its  con- 
gregations. 

The  publication  of  such  a  church  paper  was  one  of  the  im- 
portant questions  which  came  before  the  Southern  General 
Synod  when  it  met  at  Newberry,  May  21-26,  1868.  The 
synod  after  thoroughly  discussing  the  matter  decided  to  give 
its  endorsement  to  such  an  enterprise.  A  monthly  publica- 
tion, under  the  name  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor,  had  been  con- 
ducted by  Rev.  J.  I.  Miller,  D.D.,  at  Staunton,  Va.,  since 
1866,  and  it  was  decided  to  adopt,  in  part,  this  title  as  the 
name  of  the  new  weekly  church  paper.  It  appeared  in  Sep- 
tember following,  under  the  name  The  Lutheran  and  Visitor. 


The  Publication  Cause  95 

Subsequently  the  connecting  "and"  was  dropped  and  the 
paper  continued  as  The  Lutheran  Visitor  until  September, 
1904. 

In  the  establishment  of  the  paper  at  Columbia  the  General 
Synod  assumed  no  pecuniary  responsibility,  it  being  stipu- 
lated that  the  editor,  Rev.  A.  R.  Rude,  with  whom  Rev.  J.  I. 
Miller  was  associated  in  an  editorial  capacity,  should  publish 
the  paper  "at  his  own  risk".  However,  the  General  Synod 
commended  the  paper  to  all  its  constituents  and  it  was  finally 
called,  "The  church  organ.  The  Lutheran  Visitor.''''  At  the 
convention  of  1873  the  General  Synod  said  that  "although 
not  directly  the  organ  of  the  General  Synod,  yet  as  the  paper 
is  our  recognized  medium  of  church  intelligence,  it  has  claims 
upon  us  as  such",  it  being  acknowledged  that  The  Visitor 
was  a  true  exponent  of  the  doctrines  as  represented  by  the 
synod. 

At  the  convention  of  1874,  Rev.  A.  R.  Rude  offered  to 
transfer  unreservedly  the  paper  with  all  its  assets  and  lia- 
bilities to  the  General  Synod,  This  offer  was  accepted  and 
from  No.  33  of  the  volume  of  1874-75  the  synod  published 
the  paper.  Rev.  T.  W.  Dosh,  D.D.,  pastor  of  St.  John's 
Church,  Charleston,  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins  of  Orangeburg,  and 
Prof.  E.  J.  Dreher,  Lexington  (professor  at  Newberry  Col- 
lege)   composed  the  editorial  staff. 

In  1876  Rev.  T.  W.  Dosh  was  continued  as  editor  and  Rev. 
Jacob  Hawkins  was  appointed  associate  editor,  the  latter  hav- 
ing at  that  time  assumed  charge  as  pastor  of  St.  Michael's 
and  St.  Andrew's  churches,  Lexington  County.  The  editors 
were  charged  not  to  make  any  transfer  of  the  editorial  man- 
agement without  the  consent  of  the  General  Synod.  Rev. 
J.  H.  Honour  of  Charleston,  who  had  been  business  man- 
ager for  a  number  of  years,  finally  resigned,  the  synod  ex- 
pressing its  earnest  regret  at  being  deprived  of  the  excellent 
qualifications  for  the  position  which  he  had  thus  relinquished. 

When  the  General  Synod  met  at  Newberry  in  May,  1878, 
the  interests  of  the  paper  received  earnest  consideration  with 
the  view  of  increasing  its  efficiency  to  as  large  a  degree  as 
possible  in  its  service  to  the  Church.  The  result  was  that 
Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins  was  appointed  editor-in-chief.  Dr.  Rude 


96  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

having  asked  the  synod  to  relieve  him  of  the  editorship.  It 
was  decided  that  the  paper  should  be  issued  from  Columbia 
as  the  place  of  publication.  The  paper  had  never  been  issued 
from  its  own  printing  plant  and  prior  to  this  time  (1876-78) 
it  had  been  printed  at  Salisbury,  N.  C.  However,  Dr.  Haw- 
kins made  favorable  arrangement  with  W.  J.  Duffie,  of  Co- 
lumbia, the  publisher  of  the  Book  of  Worship,  by  which  the 
latter  assumed  full  financial  responsibility,  including  the  pay- 
ment of  a  moderate,  yet  satisfactory  editorial  salary,  the 
General  Synod  having  again  provided  in  the  conduct  of  the 
paper  that  it  would  "assume  no  financial  responsibility". 

At  the  convention  of  the  General  Synod  at  Richmond,  Va., 
in  May,  1880,  Dr.  Hawkins  reported  that  he  had  made  ar- 
rangements with  Mr.  J.  J.  Quantz,  of  Salisbury,  N.  C,  a  for- 
mer publisher  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor,  and  Mr.  W.  P.  Hous- 
eal,  of  Newberry,  S.  C,  hereafter  to  have  the  paper  pub- 
lished at  Prosperity,  S.  C.  These  plans  were  approved  by 
the  synod  and  Dr.  Hawkins  was  made  permanent  editor.  This 
arrangement  had  materialized  upon  the  earnest  desire  of 
the  patrons  of  the  paper  that  better  service  in  its  publica- 
tion should  be  inaugurated.  The  church  news  was  especially 
hampered  under  the  plan  by  which  the  paper  had  been  here- 
tofore issued,  with  the  editorial  office  twelve  miles  from  Co- 
lumbia (the  publication  office),  which  was  the  nearest  post- 
office,  and  the  printing  office  at  least  one  hundred  miles  dis- 
tant at  Due  West,  where  the  paper  was  issued  from  the  office 
of  the  Associated  Reformed  Presbyterian  on  account  of  an 
advantage  secured  in  the  cost  of  printing  by  using  approxi- 
mately two  pages  of  its  matter  each  week. 

In  May,  1880,  having  been  established  for  the  first  time 
in  its  existence  in  its  own  printing  office  at  Prosperity,  the 
paper  was  continued  there  until  the  spring  of  1881  when 
Dr.  Hawkins  found  that  it  required  too  much  of  his  time  in 
connection  with  his  work  as  pastor  of  Grace  Church,  to  give 
the  paper  the  necessary  business  oversight.  Negotiations 
with  Mr.  W.  P.  Houseal  (who  had  severed  cordial  relations 
with  the  office  September  1,  1880,  on  account  of  business  rea- 
sons) to  take  charge  of  the  paper,  removing  the  office  to  New- 
berry, were  concluded  in  March  of  that  year,  and  the  paper 


The  Publication  Cause  97 

began  publication  again  accordingly  at  Newberry  April  21, 
1881.  The  subscription  list  at  that  time  was  1,080,  which 
was  increased  to  3,750  while  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Houseal. 

The  General  Synod  at  its  convention  in  1882  sanctioned 
the  appointment  of  Rev.  F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  D.D.,  pastor  of 
St.  Paul's  Church,  Wilmington,  N.  C,  as  associate  editor. 
It  was  again  mentioned  at  the  convention  in  1884  that  Dr. 
Hawkins  was  sole  editor  and  that  "the  office  had  been  sold 
(January  1,  1882)  to  Mr.  W.  P.  Houseal,  the  present  pub- 
lisher, he  having  added  about  $1,000  worth  of  material,  the 
whole  office  costing  him  more  than  $2,000".  During  the 
period  from  April  to  December,  1881,  the  paper  was  printed 
on  the  slow  and  cumbersome  Washington  hand  press,  capac- 
ity of  200  copies  an  hour,  in  the  office  of  the  Newberry 
News  (it  was  also  using  the  same  kind  of  slow  press),  the 
same  process  that  had  been  employed  in  the  office  at  Pros- 
perity. Decided  improvement  was  effected  January  1,  1882, 
when  the  publisher  made  an  arrangement  with  his  friend 
and  former  employer,  the  late  Thomas  F.  Greneker,  whereby 
the  use  of  a  power  press  was  secured.  In  order  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  this  better  arrangement  it  was  necessary  to  carry 
the  type  "forms"  up  and  down  a  narrow  stairway  twice  a 
week  and  transport  them  on  a  wheelbarrow  a  distance  of 
two  blocks  to  Mr.  Greneker's  printing  office.  After  a  year 
of  such  extremely  arduous  work.  The  Visitor  was  removed  to 
another  office  and  was  printed  on  a  new  power  press  in  con- 
nection with  the  Newberry  Observer. 

The  formation  of  the  United  Synod  in  1886  made  a  con- 
dition, as  other  papers  were  being  published  in  its  territory, 
by  which  no  one  of  them  could  be  recognized  as  the  official 
organ.  This  left  The  Lutheran  Visitor  solely  as  an  individ- 
ual enterprise  in  the  control  of  Dr.  Hawkins  as  permanent 
editor  and  Mr.  W.  P.  Houseal  as  owner.  It  was  under  these 
circumstances  that  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  was  appointed 
associate  editor  by  Dr.  Hawkins,  with  the  concurrence  of  Mr. 
Houseal.  Dr.  Hallman  had  been  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  paper  during  eight  years  previously  and  upon  the  death 
of  Dr.   Hawkins   in  July,   1895,  he  became  editor-in-chief. 


98  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Until  relinquishing  entirely  editorial  connection  with  the 
paper  in  1905,  Dr.  Hallman  had  served  the  publication  cause 
continuously  during  a  period  which  embraced  thirty-four 
years. 

The  editorial  staff  in  1887  embraced  also  Rev.  A.  B. 
McMackin,  pastor  of  Luther  Chapel  congregation,  Newberry. 
Rev.  A.  G.  Voigt  was  also  a  member  of  the  staff  for  a  year 
or  more  at  a  period  beginning  about  1892. 

A  stock  company  was  formed  in  1888,  with  a  paid  up  cap- 
ital of  $1,500,  under  the  name  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  Com- 
pany, composed  of  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins,  Rev.  W.  C.  Schaef- 
fer,  and  Messrs.  E.  H.  Aull  and  W.  P.  Houseal,  to  publish 
the  paper  in  the  office  of  the  Newberry  Herald  and  News, 
the  ownership  of  which  Aull  &  Houseal  acquired  as  partners 
in  March,  1887.  Dr.  Hawkins  withdrew  within  two  years, 
Mr.  Aull  in  December,  1894,  and  the  company  was  continued 
by  the  remaining  members.  Dr.  Schaeffer  and  Mr.  Houseal, 
the  stock  of  the  former  retiring  when  the  paper  was  removed 
to  Columbia  in  1904. 

In  December,  1903,  a  proposition  was  accepted  from  Rev. 
W.  H.  Greever  and  Rev.  C.  A.  Freed,  pastors  of  St.  Paul's 
and  Ebenezer  congregations,  respectively,  to  remove  the 
paper  to  Columbia,  it  being  provided  that  they  secure  thereby 
a  financial  interest  in  the  enterprise  to  serve  the  Church  with 
the  purpose  of  making  the  paper  more  acceptable  in  issu- 
ing it  in  the  best  possible  mechanical  form. 

This  new  arrangement  was  accomplished  and  The  Lutheran 
Visitor  made  its  appearance  in  improved  form  in  Columbia 
under  the  date  of  January  7,  1904,  with  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman, 
D.D.,  as  senior  editor;  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever  and  C.  A.  Freed 
as  associate  editors,  and  Mr.  Houseal  as  managing  editor. 

June  15,  1904,  the  Lutheran  Visitor  Company  was  dis- 
solved, being  succeeded  by  the  United  Synod  Publishing  Com- 
pany, and  it  submitted  a  proposition  to  the  United  Synod 
at  its  convention  at  New  Market,  Va.,  through  the  committee 
on  Consolidation  of  Church  Papers,  which  had  been  appointed 
at  the  convention  at  Staunton,  Va.,  in  September,  1895,  for 
the  purchase  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  and  Our  Church  Paper 
(the  latter  established  at  New  Market,  Va.,  in  1873,  in  the 


The  Publication  Cause  99 

interests  of  the  Tennessee  Synod,  by  Henkel  &  Company), 
the  editorial  staff  and  management  of  the  paper  to  be  con- 
stituted as  follows:  Editor-in-chief,  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever, 
D.D.;  contributing  editors.  Revs.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D,,  and 
C.  A.  Freed;  managing  editor,  Mr,  W.  P.  Houseal;  business 
manager,  Rev.  Mr.  Freed;  assistant  business  manager,  Mr. 
Houseal. 

The  proposition  of  the  United  Synod  Publishing  Company 
to  effect  the  consolidation  of  the  two  church  papers  was  ac- 
cepted by  the  United  Synod,  which  forthwith  appointed  a 
publishing  committee,  charged  with  this  duty  and  the  over- 
sight of  the  publication  cause,  the  committee  being  consti- 
tuted as  follows:  Rev.  W.  L.  Seabrook,  Rev.  R.  C.  Holland, 
D.D.,  Dr.  George  B.  Cromer,  Rev.  J.  W.  Horine,  D.D.,  and 
Hon.  C.  M.  Efird,  all  members  (including  the  paper's  staff) 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  except  Mr.  Efird,  who  was  a 
member  of  the  South  Carolina  Conference  of  the  Tennessee 
Synod. 

The  Publishing  Committee  met  July  30,  while  the  United 
Synod  was  yet  in  session  in  New  Market,  and  decided,  in 
consultation  with  the  managers  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  and 
Our  Church  Paper,  that  the  proposed  consolidation  should  be 
effected  September  1,  1904,  and  that  the  name  of  the  new 
paper  should  be  the  Lutlieran  Church  Visitor,  a  combination 
of  the  names  of  the  two  existing  papers. 

In  the  formation  of  the  United  Synod  Publishing  Com- 
pany, it  was  also  contemplated  that  the  company  should  have 
charge  of  the  publication  of  the  new  hymnal  which  had  been 
issued  with  the  Common  Service  that  year.  The  publica- 
tion of  the  Common  Service  had  been  in  charge  of  the 
Lutheran  Board  of  Publication,  which  was  organized  at  New- 
berry in  May,  1898,  during  the  convention  of  the  United 
Synod,  with  Mr.  E.  H.  Aull,  as  superintendent.  It  was  the 
pioneer  organization  of  its  kind  in  the  Southern  Church  and 
performed  valuable  service.  However,  it  readily  transferred 
its  assets  to  the  United  Synod  Publishing  Company,  including 
The  Southern  Lutheran,  and  ceased  existence  as  soon  as  its 
affairs  could  be  arranged  satisfactorily. 


100         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

When  the  United  Synod  met  at  Dallas,  N.  C,  July  10-15, 
1906,  the  publishing  committee  reported  that  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  church  papers  {The  Lutheran  Visitor  and  Our 
Church  Paper)  had  been  accomplished  under  the  name  of 
the  Lutheran  Church  Visitor.  The  synod  accepted  unani- 
mously the  offer  of  the  United  Synod  Publishing  Company  to 
transfer  the  Visitor,  Tidings  and  all  other  possessions  and  in- 
terests of  the  company  to  the  United  Synod  for  direct  own- 
ership and  control  at  the  first  cost  of  the  consolidation,  in 
the  amount  of  $3,950,  the  synod  assuming  the  liabilities  of 
the  company  and  becoming  the  beneficiary  of  the  assets,  which 
were  reported  as  being  $750.  A  large  part  of  the  consoli- 
dation had  already  been  secured  and  the  committee  was 
authorized  to  proceed  in  raising  the  remainder,  together  with 
$1,500  additional,  in  order  to  provide  an  amount  necessary 
for  the  support  of  the  paper  during  the  first  year  under  the 
management  of  the  United  Synod.  It  is  significant  that  no 
similar  action  providing  financially  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  official  church  paper  had  ever  been  authorized  in  the 
Southern  Church. 

At  the  same  convention  the  publication  committee  reported 
a  plan  for  the  purchase  and  improvement  of  a  certain  prop- 
erty in  Columbia  for  the  establishment  of  a  regular  publish- 
ing house.  It  was  represented  that  a  splendid  property  could 
be  brought  into  the  possession  of  the  United  Synod  without 
involving  the  synod  financially  and  without  appealing  to  the 
Church  for  any  of  the  purchase  funds.  This  proposition 
was  a  new  thing  and  was  considered  remarkably  generous 
on  the  part  of  the  members  of  the  United  Synod  Publishing 
Company,  a  novel  proposition,  especially  in  church  finances, 
and  the  idea  seemed  to  some  the  suggestion  of  a  "gold  brick" 
scheme.  However,  it  was  shown  to  be  possible  by  the  fact 
that  the  rentals  from  parts  of  the  building  not  occupied  by 
the  publishing  business  would  furnish  an  income  over  and 
above  interest,  taxes  and  insurance,  which  would  create  a 
sinking  fund  sufficient  to  pay  for  the  building  in  ten  or  fifteen 
years. 

The  offer  of  the  property  was  accepted  by  the  United 
Synod,  but  it  adhered  to  the  custom  which  its  predecessors 


The  Publication  Cause  101 

had  reserved  in  such  cases  and  inserted  the  resolution,  the 
usual  "safety"  clause,  "provided  it  could  be  done  without 
any  financial  responsibility  upon  the  part  of  the  synod." 
It  is  certain  that  no  part  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America 
had  ever  been  so  fortunate  in  the  establishment  of  a  publica- 
tion house  as  was  the  United  Synod  in  this  case.  No  better 
piece  of  property  was  available  in  Columbia.  Such  an 
enterprise  could  not  have  been  successful  in  any  other  city 
within  the  territory  of  the  United  Synod  at  that  time,  and  the 
leading  business  men  of  the  city  expressed  their  opinion  that 
it  could  not  have  been  accomplished  except  in  the  remark- 
able manner  by  which  it  was  achieved.  Opportunity  knocked 
once  in  this  instance,  as  is  proverbially  the  case,  and  the  door 
was  opened  and  success,  standing  upon  the  threshold,  entered 
and  was  made  the  welcome  guest.  The  conclusion  reached 
at  that  convention  as  to  the  church  paper  was:  "The  Visitor 
which  had  floundered  so  long  in  deep  water,  now  feels  secure 
upon  the  solid  rock."  At  that  time  the  circulation  of  the 
paper  amounted  to  4,000  copies  and  in  subsequent  years 
the  increase  in  the  number  of  subscribers  was  gratifyingly 
large. 

Upon  the  establishment  of  the  paper  in  Columbia  (Janu- 
ary, 1904)  the  members  of  the  Lutheran  Visitor  Company 
had  financed  the  enterprise  with  their  private  funds.  It  was 
necessary  to  increase  the  subscription  price  at  that  time  from 
one  dollar  to  $1.50  (from  which  it  had  been  reduced  several 
years  previously  in  a  special  campaign  which  had  guaran- 
teed a  large  increase  in  subscribers  by  the  various  congre- 
gations) in  order  to  meet  increased  cost  of  publication  in 
the  improved  mechanical  appearance  of  the  paper. 

Success  in  raising  the  consolidation  fund  ($3,950)  which 
the  United  Synod  had  authorized  at  the  Dallas  convention 
during  the  interim  (1906-07),  added  interest  to  this  move- 
ment, which  interest  manifested  itself  in  the  fact  that  the  con- 
tributors to  this  fund  numbered  one  hundred  individuals, 
twenty-three  congregations  and  one  Sunday  School,  the 
amounts  contributed  ranging  from  fifty  cents  to  $350. 

The  current  maintenance  fund  of  $1,500,  which  it  had 
been  considered  also  at  the  Dallas  convention  to  be  necessary 


102         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

to  the  immediate  success  of  the  publication  cause,  enrolled 
sixty-eight  congregations  and  thirty-one  Sunday  Schools  as 
its  contributors. 

Yet  another  fund  had  been  authorized — the  amount  of 
$10,000  for  the  employment  of  the  publication  secretary, 
Rev.  E.  C.  Cronk,  whose  chief  duty  was  the  canvass  of  the 
Church  in  the  effort  to  increase  the  circulation  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church  Visitor  and  Tidings.  The  individual  contrib- 
utors to  this  fund  numbered  ninety-one,  nearly  a  score  of 
whom  were  leading  business  men  of  Columbia,  representing 
all  denominations,  including  both  Catholics  and  Jews,  Con- 
gregations responding  to  this  appeal  numbered  130,  besides 
several  conferences  of  the  district  synods,  and  five  Sunday 
Schools,  the  amounts  ranging  from  fifty  cents  to  one  of 
$1,000  (the  latter  sum  given  by  that  liberal-hearted  Lutheran 
layman,  the  late  J.  E.  Cooper,  of  Grace  Church,  Winchester, 
Va.,  who  gave  nearly  his  entire  income  to  various  causes 
of  the  Church),  the  total  of  all  contributions  to  this  purpose 
being  $5,227.32. 

The  Southern  Lutheran  had  been  established  as  a  monthly 
parish  paper  in  1894  by  Rev.  L.  E.  Busby  at  Asheville,  N.  C, 
where  he  was  a  home  missionary  pastor.  It  later  entered 
the  larger  field  as  a  monthly  church  paper.  However,  being 
transferred  to  Rev.  Henderson  N.  Miller,  Ph.D.,  it  was  pub- 
lished subsequently  as  a  Sunday  School  paper  at  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant, N.  C.  Dr.  Miller  sold  it  to  Mr.  E.  H.  Aull  in  1897. 
Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  became  the  editor.  Rev.  W.  H. 
Greever  was  afterwards  the  editor,  and  Rev.  W.  L.  Seabrook 
was  serving  as  editor  when  the  paper  was  acquired  among 
the  assets  of  the  Lutheran  Board  of  Publication  by  the  United 
Synod  Publishing  Company,  when  its  name  was  changed 
to  Tidings,  with  Mrs.  E.  C.  Cronk,  of  Columbia,  as  editor. 
Mrs.  Cronk  served  efficiently  in  that  capacity, — Tidings  hav- 
ing enlisted  the  hearty  support  of  the  Sunday  Schools  and  the 
missionary  societies  of  the  Church, — 'until  the  paper  termi- 
nated its  existence  soon  after  the  merger  of  the  various  syn- 
ods into  the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America. 

Dr.  Hallman  retired  as  contributing  editor  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  Visitor  in  1905  and  Rev.  C.  A,  Freed  relinquished 


The  Publication  Cause  103 


his  connection  wilh  llie  paper  March  1,  1908,  his  position 
at  that  time  being  that  of  treasurer  of  the  publishing  com- 
pany. 

The  plan  of  the  publication  building  to  be  erected  in  Co- 
lumbia provided  for  a  three-story  brick  structure  with  stone 
front,  to  be  erected  at  1626  Main  street,  in  the  heart  of  the 
business  district  of  the  city,  which  itself  at  that  time  was  ex- 
periencing the  largest  growth  in  its  history  of  120  years. 
The  eligible  lot  had  been  purchased  for  the  sum  of  $14,000 
and  the  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $25,743,  the  loans 
and  interest  until  May,  1908,  making  the  entire  cost  of  the 
enterprise,  $43,143. 

The  late  W.  J.  Winesett  came  from  Bluefield,  W.  Va., 
where  he  was  a  communicant  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  especially  to  supervise  the  erection  of  the  building, 
and  to  him  and  Mr.  P.  C.  Price,  of  Columbia,  was  said  in  the 
Lutheran  Church  Visitor,  upon  its  completion,  that  to  them 
"the  Church  owes  a  special  debt  of  gratitude  and  their  ser- 
vices and  sacrifices  for  this  cause  will  never  be  fully  known". 

A  decided  expansion  of  the  publication  cause  was  mani- 
fest upon  the  completion  of  the  building  in  the  Fall  of  1907. 
Many  of  the  congregations  and  Sunday  Schools  gave  their 
support  to  the  distribution  of  Sunday  School  supplies  and 
the  circulation  of  church  literature  generally  and  the  sales 
of  the  new  hymnal  were  encouraging. 

The  history  of  the  publication  of  the  Book  of  Worship,  as 
its  name  stood  until  1888,  forms  an  interesting  record  at  this 
time.  The  first  hymn  book  to  be  published  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Southern  Church  was  the  Book  of  Worship  as  it 
was  authorized  by  the  General  Synod  of  the  Confederate 
States  at  its  first  regular  convention  which  was  held  in  Con- 
cord, N.  C,  May  20-26,  1863.  The  Book  of  Worship  was 
adopted  by  the  synod  as  it  had  been  outlined  serially  by 
Rev.  D.  M.  Gilbert,  D.D.,  in  The  Southern  Lutheran,  having 
been  prepared  by  committees  which  had  been  appointed 
by  the  preliminary  meeting  of  the  delegates  from  the  various 
synods  at  the  convention  which  was  held  at  Salislmry,  N.  C, 
in  January,  1862, — so  great  was  the  need  for  such  a  book  by 
the  Southern  Church  that  no  time  was  to  be  lost  in  waiting 


104         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

for  the  regular  organization  of  a  general  synod  in  the  South. 
The  Book  of  Worship  was  most  favorably  received  by  the 
Church  upon  its  publication  and  obtained  a  wide  circulation, 
an  edition  of  8,000  being  reported  by  the  publishing  com- 
mittee at  the  convention  of  the  General  Synod  at  Newberry 
in  May,  1868,  with  sales  of  2,500  copies. 

The  publication  of  the  Book  of  Worship  upon  its  adop- 
tion by  the  General  Synod  was  financed  within  the  territory 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  This  was  made  possible  by 
interesting  a  publisher  who  would  assume  this  responsibil- 
ity. This  publisher  was  the  late  W.  J.  Duffie,  a  bookseller 
of  Columbia,  himself  a  Presbyterian,  as  no  Lutheran  busi- 
ness man  was  available  who  could  engage  in  the  work  at 
that  time.  Mr.  Duffie  sold  a  farm  in  order  to  secure  addi- 
tional capital  by  which  to  publish  the  book.  It  is  said  here 
to  his  credit  that  in  all  his  transactions  with  the  General 
Synod  in  the  publication  of  the  Book  of  Worship,  the  synod 
had  no  cause  for  complaint  in  any  particular.  The  various 
styles  in  which  the  editions  were  issued  proved  most  satisfac- 
tory, being  finished  in  substantial  character  both  for  use  in 
pew  and  pulpit. 

The  Southern  Church  had  never  engaged  extensively  in 
any  publication  enterprise  prior  to  the  consolidation  of  the 
church  papers  in  1904.  An  organization,  under  the  name 
of  the  Southern  Book  Company,  was  proposed  at  the  con- 
vention of  the  General  Synod  at  Concord  in  1863,  but  there 
is  no  record  that  the  movement  ever  materialized.  Neither 
was  an  almanac  and  clerical  register,  also  proposed  at  the 
same  convention,  ever  published,  most  probably  due  to  the 
difficulties  and  vicissitudes  which  confronted  the  Church  on 
account  of  the  war. 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  published  a  leaflet  in  1883  es- 
pecially to  commemorate  in  a  measure  the  celebration  of 
the  400th  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Martin  Luther.  In 
view  of  the  love  of  the  Reformer  for  children,  as  evidenced 
in  his  own  household,  the  author  of  the  leaflet,  the  late  Dr. 
O.  B.  Mayer,  Sr.,  of  Newberry,  chose  as  its  title,  "Luther 
and  the  Children."  It  was  written  in  his  well-known  interest- 
ing and  inimitable  style  and  was  largely  circulated  and  freely 


The  Publication  Cause 


105 


LUTHERAN    PUBLICATION    HOUSE,    COLUMBIA 


distributed  at  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary  by  the  synod 
at  its  convention  at  Bethlehem  Church,  November  10,  1883. 
Dr.  Mayer  himself  was  present  at  that  time  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  special  choir  which  led  in  the  singing  on  that  oc- 
casion, Luther's  battle  hymn,  "Ein'  Feste  Burg  ist  Unser 
Gott." 

At  the  convention  of  the  United  Synod  in  Savannah,  Octo- 
ber, 1908,  the  Lutheran  Board  of  Publication  was  organized, 


106         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

the  United  Synod  Publishing  Company  then  ending  its  exist- 
ence, and  the  former  was  charged  with  the  oversight  of  the 
church  paper  and  the  conduct  of  the  publication  interests  of 
the  synod.  Dr.  Greever  continued  as  editor  of  the  paper 
and  general  manager  until  1914,  when  he  resigned  to  give 
his  time  to  the  American  Lutheran  Survey.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  John  W.  Horine,  D.D.,  who  with  Mr,  Houseal  as  as- 
sociate editor,  continued  in  charge  of  the  paper  until  it  was 
consolidated  with  The  Lutheran,  May  1,  1920.  It  was  a 
significant  concidence  that  Mr.  Houseal  in  concluding  his 
connection  with  the  paper,  wrote  his  valedictory  April  21, 
1920,  filling  exactly  a  continuous  service  of  thirty-nine 
years. 

A  further  development  occurred  in  the  publication  cause 
when  the  building  on  Main  street  was  sold  for  $80,000,  an 
advance  of  about  $37,000  on  its  cost,  and  a  building,  better 
equipped  for  its  special  requirements,  was  erected  at  1617 
Sumter  Street.  It  was  occupied  in  1912.  It  is  a  com- 
modious four-story  building,  the  first  floor  of  which  is  at 
present  occupied  by  the  Southern  Branch  of  the  Publishing 
House  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America.  The  sec- 
ond, third  and  fourth  floors  have  a  profitable  rental  value 
as  an  apartment  house.  It  is  connected  with  an  annex,  which 
was  built  in  1910  to  accommodate  the  printing  office  when 
the  Lutheran  Church  Visitor,  which  had  been  printed  by  con- 
tract in  the  city  since  1904,  began  to  be  issued  from  its  own 
presses.  This  annex  is  now  being  rented  as  a  printing  of- 
fice and  used  by  a  Columbia  firm.  It  all  grew  from  an  ex- 
ceedingly small  beginning  when  the  business  was  begun  at 
Columbia  in  1904.  Mr.  R.  C.  Counts,  who  became  associ- 
ated as  cashier  with  the  Lutheran  Board  of  Publication  in 
1912  is  the  present  manager  of  the  Southern  Headquarters 
of  the  Board  of  Publication  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church 
in  America  which  is  housed  in  the  same  building. 

The  founders  of  the  church  papers  in  the  South  "like  our 
fathers",  as  a  writer  of  our  Church  has  expressed  it,  "were 
men  of  profound  convictions,  far-seeing  in  their  vision,  lay- 
ing the  foundations  for  our  Church  deep  and  strong,  and 
building  wisely  for  the  future.     They  believed  it  was  the  im- 


The  Publication  Cause  107 


perative  duty  of  the  Church  lo  provide  the  literature  for  its 
members,  and  they  well  knew  that  the  Church,  failing  to 
do  so,  would  soon  cease  to  make  history,"  and  that  in  pro- 
viding "literature  which  breathed  the  spirit  of  the  Gospel, 
it  also  taught  their  readers  to  appreciate  and  love  their  own 
Church  institutions,  .  .  .  The  literature  of  a  Church  repre- 
sents the  thought  and  conclusions  of  a  Church  in  its  most  vital 
relations  and  practical  activities.  .  .  .  showing  the  onward 
trend  of  its  theology  and  life." 

Speaking  for  the  United  Synod  in  1908,  one  of  the  lead- 
ers in  the  Church,  voicing  the  above  sentiments,  wrote  as 
follows  for  the  special  edition  of  the  Lutheran  Church  Visi- 
tor, concerning  what  had  been  accomplished  by  the  Publi- 
cation Cause  until  that  time  since  the  beginning  of  the  work 
in  Columbia  in  1904:  "We  take  extremely  little  of  the 
credit  for  what  has  been  done.  Three  men  are  entitled  to 
the  thanks  of  the  United  Synod  for  taking  hold  of  the  Pub- 
lication Cause  when  it  was  almost  dead  at  New  Market  and 
making  it  a  thing  of  living  power:  W.  P.  Houseal,  C.  A. 
Freed,  W.  H.  Greever.  The  last  named  man  especially  has 
borne  financial  burdens  and  undertaken  unselfish  ambitions 
that  would  have  dismayed  all  but  one  in  a  thousand.  Yet 
Mr.  Houseal,  with  veteran  devotion,  and  Mr.  Freed,  with 
his  well-known  solidity  of  judgment,  have  given  indispensa- 
ble support;  and  there  are  consecrated  business  men  in  Co- 
lumbia and  elsewhere  without  whose  sanctified  generosity 
the  work  would  be  at  a  standstill.  As  it  is,  I,  for  one,  am 
amazed  at  what  has  been  accomplished  under  Mr.  Greever's 
leadership.  His  proposition  at  Dallas  sounded  almost  like 
a  'gold  brick'  scheme  to  those  who  did  not  know  him,  but 
he  has  more  than  made  it  good.  The  committee,  without  ex- 
ceeding instructions,  will  be  able  to  make  a  report  at  Savan- 
nah that  will  gratify  the  United  Synod  more  than  Mr.  Greev- 
er's proposal  surprised  it.  His  most  daring  and  important 
achievement,  perhaps,  is  in  the  engagement  of  a  secretary. 
For  this  he  provided  the  means,  because  there  are  laymen — 
as  well  as  ministers — who  believe  in  him.  Mr.  Cronk  ac- 
cepted the  place,  and  seems  just  the  man  for  the  position. 
By  keeping  a   representative  constantly  before    ihe  people. 


108        History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

who  will  constantly  keep  this  work  before  them,  the  Publica- 
tion Cause  is  expected  to  develop  to  that  point  which  the 
highest  interests  of  our  growing  work  demand." 


Chapter  VI 

FINANCIAL  GROWTH 

THE  financial  life  of  the  synod  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  features  of  its  history.  Those  of  our  fath- 
ers who  formed  the  chief  element  in  the  early  history  of 
the  synod  had  been  brought  up  under  a  system  which  was  in 
no  sense  conducive  to  the  development  of  a  spirit  of  liberal 
giving.  They  had  never  been  trained  to  give,  and  time  was 
required  for  the  cultivation  of  that  part  of  their  religious 
life.  Then,  too,  they  had  lived  a  life  of  struggle  in  this  "new 
world"  and  were  not  able  to  give  large  sums. 

But  in  tracing  this  branch  of  service  in  our  synodical  his- 
tory, we  note  a  steady  and  commendable  growth.  At  the 
organization  of  the  synod  nothing  whatever  is  said  about 
funds  to  carry  on  its  work.  In  fact,  no  treasurer  was  elected 
until  the  second  meeting,  and  the  donations  reported  were 
less  than  $100.  The  next  year  the  total  was  nearly  $300, 
and  at  the  sixth  convention  the  contributions  footed  up,  to 
that  time,  $2,285. 12l/i>-  The  bond  of  the  treasurer  was  fixed 
at  $2,000;  and  the  synod's  liberality  steadily  increased  until 
the  figures  given  in  later  reports  show  that  our  people  were 
not  unmindful  of  the  important  duty  of  caring  for  the  finan- 
cial operations  of  the  Church. 

The  examination  by  years  and  by  decades  reveals  the  fact 
that  this  ratio  has  been  maintained  through  all  the  years  of 
the  synod's  life,  and  the  figures  have  gone  up  into  tens  of 
thousands,  and  even  hundreds  of  thousands;  and  we  now 
have  to  our  credit  properties  which  do  honor  to  our  Church, 
and  give  evidence  of  the  loyal  devotion  and  liberal  spirit  of 
the  Lutherans  of  South  Carolina. 

Apart  from  the  raising  of  liberal  sums  for  the  Theological 
Seminary,  first  located  at  Lexington,  and  the  collections  made 
for  the  building  of  Newberry  College  in  1856  and  1859,  the 
real  advance  along  financial  lines  did  not  begin  until  the 
synod  resolved  to  secure  funds  for  the  establishment  of  what 
is  called,  "The  Bachman  Endowment  Fund."  Sundry  efforts 
had  been  made  to  raise  funds  for  the  maintenance  and  bet- 


110         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

ter  equipment  of  the  College,  but  these  were  only  partially 
successful.  In  1875  Rev,  J.  A.  Sligh,  speaking  for  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  proposed  that  such  monument  be  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Rev.  John  Bachman,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  this  the 
synod  adopted.* 

The  agency  under  this  plan  was  accepted  by  Rev.  S.  P. 
Hughes,  ordained  in  1876,  and  Colonel  0.  L.  Schumpert 
was  elected  the  first  treasurer.  The  agent  began  his  canvass 
in  Mt.  Lebanon  and  St.  Matthew's  Churches,  Orangeburg,  and 
his  first  general  report  was  rendered  October,  1877.  Up  to 
this  point  the  grand  total  of  that  agency  was  $12,172.50,  in 
cash  and  bonds.  Not  all  of  this  was  fully  paid,  but  the  tide 
moved  on  with  varying  degrees  of  success. 

Next  came  the  Holland  Memorial  Fund  of  $10,000,  and 
subsequently  the  Semi-Centennial  Endowment  Fund,  includ- 
ing the  gift  of  $25,000  from  Dr.  D.  K.  Pearson  of  Chicago, 
111.,  the  $10,000  from  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie;  and  then 
the  Newberry-Summerland  College  Educational  Fund,  an 
achievement  of  such  importance  as  to  deserve  special  mention. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College  and  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Summerland  College,  in  joint  session,  peti- 
tioned synod  to  authorize  and  organize  a  campaign  for  the 
raising  of  a  fund  of  $300,000  from  its  members  for  the 
two  colleges,  credit  subscriptions  to  be  payable  in  three  equal 
annual  instalments,  and  to  be  evidenced  by  good  bankable 
notes. 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  in  extra  convention  in  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Columbia,  August  14,  1919,  launched  an  educational 
campaign  for  $300,000.  Newberry  College  and  Summer- 
land  College  were  named  as  the  beneficiaries  of  the  fund, 
Newberry  College  receiving  two-thirds  and  Summerland  Col- 
lege one-third.  October  19  to  October  31  was  the  date  set 
for  subscriptions. 

Synod  appointed  a  Central  Campaign  Committee  of  thirty- 
five  to  inaugurate  and  have  control  of  the  campaign.  The 
Central  Committee  met  in  the  Jefferson  Hotel,  Columbia, 
August  20,  to  organize  and  outline  plans  for  the  campaign. 


♦(See  Minutes  of  1875,  p.  27.) 


Financial  Growth  111 


At  this  meeting  an  Executive  Committee  was  appointed  to 
have  supervision  of  the  execution  of  the  plans.  This  com- 
mittee was  composed  of  Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough,  D.D.,  Prof. 
S.  J.  Derrick,  Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.  Mr.  R.  C.  Counts  was 
elected  treasurer.  The  Executive  Committee  at  a  subsequent 
meeting  elected  Rev.  S.  L.  Blomgren  of  Charleston  as  Execu- 
tive Secretary.  Mr.  Blomgren  immediately  accepted.  Head- 
quarters for  the  campaign  were  opened  in  the  building  of  the 
Lutheran  Board  of  Publication.  The  campaign  met  with 
phenomenal  success.  About  $275,000  was  subscribed  and 
payments  of  the  pledges  were  reasonably  good.  Of  the 
amount  subscribed  upwards  of  $170,000  has  been  paid  to  the 
treasurer.  Unfavorable  conditions,  which  have  prevailed  in 
the  state,  have  delayed  the  payment  of  the  subscriptions  in 
full. 

Moreover,  the  fact  should  be  considered  that  the  synod 
has  contributed  many  thousands  of  dollars  for  missions,  for 
the  relief  of  the  sufferers  over  the  seas,  etc.  A  fact  worthy 
of  note  is  that  through  the  wise  judgment  and  far-seeing 
vision  of  Mr.  Jacob  F.  Schirmer,  long  the  treasurer  of  our 
Seminary  Fund,  much  of  that  Fund  was  saved  in  the  period 
of  the  War  Between  the  States  and  materially  aided  the  dual 
institution — the   College  and   Seminary. 

On  the  face  of  the  record  of  our  financial  life  as  a  synod, 
stands  the  fact  that  with  our  small  constituency — even  now 
numbering  only  about  18,000,  the  synod  has  a  church  prop- 
erty valuation  of  $1,163,265,  a  college  endowment  of  $175,- 
000  and  college  properties  totaling  $325,000;  the  whole  con- 
stituting an  educational  equipment  of  which  we  are  proud, 
and  one  which  promises  great  things  for  the  future  of  our 
Church  in  the  South. 


112         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


N 


umerica 


1  and  F 


inancia 


1  Growth 


Note. — The  variation  in  some  of  the  figures  is  doubtless  due  to  the 
failure  of  pastors  to  hand  in  their  parochial  reports. 


1824-1833 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1824 

22 

257 

s 

78.69 

1825 

16 

564 

282.94 

1826 

23 

1,301 

310.50 

1827 

17 

1,306 

352.65 

1828 

24 

1,594 

529.60 

1829 

23 

1,442 

490.06 

1830 

26 

1,452 

471.15 

1831 

27 

1,748 

716.00 

1832 

27 

1,752 

391.15 

1833 

30 

8 

1,899 

517.62 

Increase 

1,642  Total 

$  4.140.36 

Average  < 

annual  in- 

crease 

8 

64.8  Annual  average 
1834-1843 

$ 

414.03 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1834 

28 

1,703 

$ 

847.55 

1835 

31 

1,840 

954.97 

1836 

28 

1,896 

705.63 

1837 

24 

1,574 

532.22 

1838 

27 

1,566 

375.64 

1839 

32 

1,514 

473.70 

1840 

34 

1,622 

417.46 

1841 

28 

1,915 

495.48 

1842 

34 

2,177 

247.19 

1843 

37 
9 

2,383 

236.39 

Increase 

680  Total 

$  5.286.23 

Average  ] 

[ncrease  ...     1 

68  Annual  average 

528.62 

1844-1853 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Meynbers. 

Receipts. 

1844 

36 

2,434 

s 

268.38 

1845 

39 

2,533 

519.36 

1846 

46 

2  629       Colored  Members 

477.26 

1847 

47 

2^639 

439 

457.49 

1848 

39 

2,644 

394 

400.51 

1849 

47 

2,659 

402 

248.49 

1850 

46 

2,874 

424 

482.92 

Financial  Growth 


113 


Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1851 

44 

2,933 

432 

461.51 

1852 

46 

3,326 

635 

496.92 

1853 

50 

...  14 

3,853 

683 
)tal 

526.16 

Increase 

1,419  T( 

$  4,339.00 

Average 

Increase 

..  1.4 

142  Ai 
1854-1863 

inual  average 

433.90 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Col'd  Members. 

Receipts. 

1854 

52 

4,019 

789 

$      588.38 

1855 

47 

3,796 

815 

531.11 

1856 

52 

3,948 

764 

616.12 

1857 

51 

4,138 

851 

523.99 

1858 

43 

3,838 

832 

613.86 

1859 

49 

3,897 

969 

615.07 

1860 

48 

4,056 

952 

846.82 

1861 

44 

4,120 

954 

652.96 

1862 

40 

3,387 

845 

793.95 

1863 

36 

..  16 

3,108 

740 
)tal 

779.48 

Decrease 

911  Tc 

$  6,561.74 

Average  Decrease  . 

..  1.6 

91   Annual  average 

656.17 

1864-1873 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Col'd  Members. 

Receipts. 

1864 

40 

3,216 

825 

$  1,587.50 

1865 

30 

2,197 

585 

158.39 

1866 

41 

4,135 

383 

530.03 

1867 

40 

4,129 

212 

649.66 

1868 

39 

3,289 

144 

513.55 

1869 

45 

4,560 

1,157.68 

1870 

43 

4.488 

776.41 

1871 

40 

3,954 

951.27 

1872 

43 

4,833 

687.06 

1873 

45 
..    5 

4,911 

>tal 

857.79 

Increase 

1,695  Tc... 

S  6,869.34 

Average  ] 

[ncrease  . 

..    .5 

169  Annual  average 

686.93 

1874-1883 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1874 

50 

4,219 

S      868.14 

1875 

43 

4,301 

742.45 

1876 

46 

5,344 

761.89 

1877 

46 

5,065 

740.88 

1878 

47 

5,112 

748.91 

1879 

48 

5,444 

947.69 

114         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Year. 

Co'. 

ngregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1880 

52 

5,566 

1,182.64 

1881 

53 

5,670 

1,518.30 

1882 

55 

5,972 

910.14 

1883 

55 
...     5 

5,802 

1,613.21 

Increase 

1,583  Total 

$  9,272.43 

Average 

Increase 

...    .5 

158  Annual  average 
1884-1893 

927.24 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1884 

60 

6,033 

%  1,369.61 

1885 

61 

6,642 

1,777.12 

1886 

58 

6,738 

2,731.77 

1887 

55 

6,705 

1,979.75 

1888 

59 

6,336 

2,004.00 

1889 

59 

6,521 

1,793.16 

1890 

61 

6,879 

1,961.31 

1891 

61 

7,040 

1,800.64 

1892 

62 

7,392 

1,938.16 

1893 

64 
4 

7,486 

1,848.65 

Increase 

1,453  Total 

$19,204.17 

Average  Increase  . 

..    .4 

145  Annual  average 

1,920.41 

1894-1903 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1894 

66 

7,948 

$  1,919.64 

1895 

66 

8,131 

1,585.26 

1896 

59 

7,923 

2,268.64 

1897 

64 

8,408 

2,411.98 

1898 

60 

8,255 

3,181.27 

1899 

63 

8,421 

3,171.20 

1900 

68 

8,712 

2.921.84 

1901 

63 

9,801 

2,822.05 

1902 

71 

9,503 

4,166.26 

1903 

67 
..     5 

9,889 

4,374.78 

Increase 

1,941  Total 

$28,922.92 

Average  1 

ncrease  . 

..    .5 

194  Annual  average 
1904-1913 

2,892.29 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1904 

72 

10,162 

%  5,294.25 

1905 

72 

9,535 

5,319.59 

1906 

76 

10,089 

6,019.02 

1907 

75 

10,393 

7,011.94 

Financial  Growth 


115 


Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1908 

76 

11,080 

7,401.64 

1909 

77 

10,731 

9,011.97 

1910 

70 

10,599 

9,000.27 

1911 

80 

10,889 

11,882.28 

1912 

83 

10,860 

15,620.25 

1913 

69 

.     3 
...    .3 

9,752 

Total 
Annual 

6,190.15 

Decrease 

410 
41 

$82,751.36 

Average  D( 

^crease 

average       8,275.13 

1914-1923 

Year. 

Congregations. 

Members. 

Receipts. 

1914 

82 

10,802 

$  7,471.85 

1915 

85 

11,323 

14,907.93 

1916 

75 

10,648 

13,838.70 

1917 

86 

12,243 

14,811.84 

1918 

86 

12,529 

13,228.44 

1919 

86 

12,767 

19,775.39 

1920 

87 

11,805 

22,372.11 

1921 

89 

13,636 

25,603.74 

1922 

89 

13,695 

29,473.18 

1923* 

109 
...  20 

17,445 

Total 

45,399.44 

Increase 

6,643 

$206,882.66 

Average  Increase 

...     2 

664  Annual 

average     20,688.26 

*In    1922   the   South   Carolina   Conference   of  the   United   North   Carolina   Synod   had 
been  merged  with  the   South   Carolina   Synod. 


Chai>ter  VII 

LAY  ORGANIZATIONS 

THE  history  of  the  Woman's  Synodical  Missionary  Society 
has  been  set  forth  in  the  chapter  on  the  "Missionary 
History"  of  the  synod,  and  in  connection  therewith  the  chil- 
dren's societies  at  least  received  mention.  A  group  picture 
of  the  lay  organizations  of  the  synod  would  be  incomplete 
without  the  presence  in  it  of  the  Luther  League  and  Men's 
Federation. 

Luther  League 

The  possibility  of  organizing  a  Young  People's  Mission- 
ary Society  had  its  birth  in  the  minds  of  a  few  young  people 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  These  young  people  discussed 
among  themselves  the  feasibility  of  organizing  a  federation 
of  Lutheran  young  people,  and  decided  to  send  a  resolution 
to  the  Woman's  Synodical  Missionary  Society,  which  met  in 
St.  Paul's  Church  in  Columbia,  November,  1910.  At  this 
meeting  a  young  people's  service  was  held  on  Sunday  eve- 
ning, at  which  time  this  resolution  was  offered: 

"Resolved,  That  as  representatives  of  the  young  people  of  the 
South  Carolina  Synod,  we  petition  the  Woman's  Convention  to 
appoint  an  executive  committee  of  five  young  people,  naming 
the  treasurer  and  general  secretary,  which  committee  shall  seek 
to  advance  the  work  among  young  people  in  all  the  congrega- 
tions of  the  synod." 

This  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  Synodical  Conven- 
tion, and  on  the  committee  were  appointed  Rev.  G.  P.  Voigt, 
Mr.  C.  C.  Habenicht,  Misses  Elberta  Sease,  Gertrude  Simp- 
son and  Rosalyn  Summer.  Through  the  untiring  efforts,  the 
earnest  prayers  and  the  consecrated  work  of  these  young  peo- 
ple, there  was  organized  at  the  Woman's  Convention  in  1911, 
in  the  Lutheran  Church  in  Orangeburg,  the  Federation  of 
Lutheran  Young  People's  Societies  of  the  South  Carolina 
Synod.  Twenty-five  delegates,  representing  nineteen  socie- 
ties, were  present.  At  this  meeting  the  treasurer  reported 
that  $500  had  been  raised  during  the  year.     This  sum  was 


118         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

in  answer  to  a  challenge  from  the  young  people  of  North 
Carolina,  and  was  used  to  purchase  a  memorial  room  in 
Kyushu  Gakuin,  our  Japan  school. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Shealy  was  elected  first  president  of  the  Young 
People's  Federation,  and  for  three  years  the  work  grew  and 
prospered  under  his  efficient  leadership. 

Already  this  body  of  youthful  workers  was  reaching  out 
into  larger  fields.  The  Federation  began  to  work  in  the 
home  and  foreign  fields,  contributing  in  the  second  year  of 
its  organization  to  the  support  of  Miss  Mary  Lou  Bowers,  one 
of  our  own  South  Carolina  missionaries  to  Japan,  and  the 
home  mission  stations  in  Greenville,  S.  C,  and  Jackson,  Miss. 

During  the  following  year  the  work  of  the  Federation  grew 
to  such  proportions  and  the  societies  increased  so  rapidly 
that  it  was  thought  expedient  to  hold  the  annual  meetings  at 
a  time  and  place  separate  from  the  Woman's  Convention. 
This  was  a  grave  undertaking,  for  it  was  through  the  interest, 
encouragement  and  wise  direction  of  these  women  and  the 
providence  and  blessings  of  God,  that  the  Federation  had 
thus  far  prospered.  The  first  convention  apart  from  the 
Woman's  organization  was  held  in  Grace  Lutheran  Church, 
Prosperity.  The  interest  and  enthusiasm  manifested  at  this 
meeting  afforded  great  inspiration.  As  the  forces  increased 
and  the  opportunities  for  service  grew,  the  necessity  for  a 
more  thorough  knowledge  of  the  fields  became  apparent. 
So  there  was  begun  the  study  of  Bible  and  Missions.  In 
six  years  there  has  been  an  increase  of  489  young  people 
engaged  in  these  study  classes.  This  gratifying  increase  has 
been  marked  not  only  in  the  line  of  Bible  and  Mission  Study 
classes,  but  in  membership  as  well. 

In  1912,  the  first  meeting  of  the  permanent  organization, 
there  were  represented  at  the  Federation  16  societies  with 
283  members;  in  1922  there  were  enrolled  58  societies  with 
2,282  members. 

The  young  people  have  certainly  proved  that  they  have 
not  withheld  their  means  from  God's  service.  The  first 
pledge,  made  in  1910,  was  $500.  The  treasurer's  report  for 
1922  shows  a  total  income  of  $2,794.38.  That  the  people 
of  South  Carolina  may  know  something  of  the  work  that  has 


Lay  Organizations  119 


been  done  by  the  Luther  League,  there  is  herewith  given  a 
review  of  the  benevolence  side  of  the  balance  sheet: 

1911 — Memorial   room  in  Kyushu   Gakuin. 
1912 — Support  of  Miss  Mary  Lou  Bowers. 
1913 — Support  of  Miss  Bowers. 

Work  in  China. 
1914 — Miss  Bowers'  equipment. 

Work  at  Greenville. 
1915 — For  support  of  Miss  Bowers. 

For  Jackson,  Miss.,  Mission. 

Church   at  Greenville. 
1916 — Support  of  Miss   Bowers. 

Support  of  Missionary   at  Jackson,   Miss. 

Support  of  a  Bible  woman. 
1917 — Greenville  Mission. 

Support  of  Miss  Bowers. 

Jackson,  Miss.,  Mission. 

Support  of  Bible  woman  in  Japan. 
1918 — Support  of  Miss  Bowers. 

Support  of  Greenville    Church. 

Support  of  Jackson,   Miss.,   Mission. 
1919 — Support  of  Miss  Bowers 

Support  of  Greenville    Church. 

Support  of  Jackson,   Miss.,    Mission. 

General   Foreign  Mission  work. 
1920 — Support  of  C.  E.  Norman,  Japan. 

Support  of  Jackson,   Miss.,   Mission. 

Furnishings  of  Greenville  Church. 

Buikling  Fund,  St.  Barnabas',  Charleston. 

Special   Offering   for  Miss   Bowers. 

Offering  for  the  Norman  Relief  Fund. 

1921 — Seminary  Library  Fund  (first  of  a  series  of  ten  annual  pay- 
ments of  $100). 
Orphan  Home. 
Home  Missions: 

Macon,  Ga. 

Pelion  Pastorate. 

St.   Barnabas',  Charleston. 
Students'  Aid  (for  helping  a  student  at  Newberry  and  Sum- 

merland  College,  respectively,  who  is  preparing  for  active 

Christian   service). 
Hymn  books  furnished  to: 

Silver  Street,  at  Silver  Street. 


120         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Church  of  the  Incarnation,  Columbia. 

St.  James',  Sumter. 

Church  at  Laurel,  Miss. 
Foreign   Missions. 
Contribution  to  European  Relief. 
1922 — Church  of  Incarnation,  Columbia,  heating  plant  and  piano. 
Macon,  Ga.,  church  debt. 
Seminary   library   and   equipment. 
Services,   Rock   Hill. 
Salem  Orphanage. 
Students'  Aid. 

West  Indies'  Board  Scholarship. 
St.   Barnabas',   Charleston. 
Kumamoto,  Japan, — on  chapel. 
For  work  at  Buenos  Aires,  South  America. 
On  salary  Miss   Mary  Lou   Bowers. 

Our  young  people  have  given  not  only  of  their  time  and 
means,  but  five  of  them  have  answered  the  call  to  service 
in  foreign  fields: 

Mrs.  Lewis  G.  Gray,  nee  Miss  Mary  Lou  Bowers,  stationed 
in  Kumamoto,  Japan;  Mrs.  G.  C.  Leonard,  nee  Miss  Ger- 
trude Simpson,  of  Prosperity,  now  in  Liberia,  Africa;  Rev. 
C.  E.  Norman,  of  Concord,  N.  C,  and  Mrs.  Norman,  nee 
Miss  Lottie  Wyse,  of  Columbia,  in  Japan;  and  Rev.  Carl 
B'.  Caughman,  of  Mississippi,  in  India. 

For  ten  years  known  as  the  Young  People's  Federa- 
tion of  South  Carolina,  at  the  convention  of  1921,  it  was 
deemed  wise  to  change  the  name  to  the  Luther  League 
of  South  Carolina,  in  view  of  affiliating  with  the  Luther 
League  of  America,  which  has  been  chosen  by  the  United 
Lutheran  Church  as  the  national  organization  of  Lutheran 
young  people.  In  1922  this  change  in  name  was  effected. 
The  connection  with  this  general  body  does  not  change  the 
work  in  any  way,  its  object  being  education,  missions,  and 
life  service,  the  three  objects  it  has  been  working  for  since 
its  foundation. 

This,  in  brief,  is  the  story  of  the  Luther  League  of  South 
Carolina.  It  is  the  story  of  a  vision,  of  a  strong  desire  for 
service,  of  a  constant  and  unswerving  devotion  to  ideals,  of 
an  active  faith,  of  a  hope  ripening  rapidly  into  fruition. 
The   young   people   are   grateful   for  the   opportunities   for 


Lay  Organizations  121 


service  that  have  come.  They  crave  greater  usefulness.  They 
realize  that  the  most  urgent  need  is  always  just  ahead,  and 
their  unending  prayer  is  that  they  may  be  equal  to  the 
harvest. 

Federation  of  Men 

At  the  meeting  of  synod  in  Leesville,  1921,  the  laymen 
rendered  a  program  consisting  of  the  following  addresses: 
The  Layman's  Opportunities  and  Duties  (a)  In  the  Sunday 
School,  Mr.  E.  H.  Schirmer,  (b)  In  the  Congregation,  Prof. 
E.  0.  Counts,  (c)  In  the  Synod,  Judge  C.  J.  Ramage.  At 
the  close  of  the  service  a  Synodical  Brotherhood  was  organ- 
ized with  the  following  officers:  President,  Hon.  J.  D.  Cap- 
pelmann,  Vice-President,  Dr.  S.  J.  Derrick,  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mr.  B.  H.  Barre. 

After  serving  the  church  two  years,  the  laymen  decided  to 
change  the  name  and  form  of  the  Brotherhood.  This  action 
was  taken  at  the  convention  of  synod  held  in  Zion  Church, 
Lexington  County,  November  13,  1923.  The  men  of  the 
synod  were  again  given  a  place  on  the  program.  This  period 
was  designated  as  "Laymen's  Period".  It  was  at  this  time 
that  the  men  of  the  synod  deemed  it  desirable  to  change 
the  form  of  the  organization  as  well  as  the  name.  The  ques- 
tion was  referred  to  a  committee  of  five,  consisting  of  Dr. 
S.  J.  Derrick,  Prof.  Jas.  C.  Kinard,  G.  M.  Eleazer,  D.  F. 
Efird  and  R.  C.  Counts.  The  committee  extended  a  call  to 
the  Brotherhoods,  Bible  Classes,  Church  Councils,  and  Super- 
intendents of  Sunday  Schools.  The  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Sunday  School  building  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Columbia,  De- 
cember 28,  1923.  An  organization  was  effected  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers  elected:  D.  F.  Efird,  president;  R.  C.  Counts, 
secretary;  G.  M.  Eleazer,  treasurer.  A  constitution  was 
adopted  and  the  name  of  the  organization  called  Federation 
of  Men  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  Forty-two  congrega- 
tions of  the  synod  were  represented  at  this  meeting.  The 
Federation  is  increasing  in  size  and  strength.  Its  history  lies 
largely  in  the  future,  but  it  promises  to  be  one  of  which  the 
men  of  the  Federation  will  be  justly  proud. 


Chai>ter  VIII 

HISTORY  OF  CONGREGATIONS 

St.  John's  Church,  Charleston 

ST.  John's  Church  was  organized  in  1743,  ahhough  Lu- 
therans were  in  Charleston  as  early  as  1734.  The  pas- 
tors are  listed  as  follows:  Reverends  John  George  Frieder- 
ichs,  H.  G.  B.  Wordmann,  John  Nicholas  Martin,  John 
Severin  Hahnbaum,  Frederick  Daser,  Christian  Streit,  John 


ST.   JOHNS   CHURCH,   CHARLESTON 


Charles  Faber,  Matthew  F.  C.  Faber,  John  Bachman,  Wil- 
liam W.  Hicks  (assistant  to  Dr.  Bachman),  John  H.  Honour 
(supply),  Thomas  W.  Dosh,  Edward  T.  Horn,  John  W. 
Horine,  C.  Armand  Miller  and  George  J.  Gongaware,  the 
present  pastor. 


124 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


The  following  is  a  list  of  Luthemn  ministers  who  went  out 
from  St.  John's  Church:  John  G.  Schwartz,  William  D. 
Strobel,  Philip  A.  Strobel,  Stephen  A.  Mealy,  Elias  B.  Hort, 
John  P.  Margart,  Thaddeus  S.  Boinest,  Edwin  A.  Bolles, 
James  P.  Ring,  John  B.  Haskell,  T.  H,  Strohecker,  Henry 
A,  Schroder. 

The  first  ten  named  in  this  list  were  largely  trained  for 
the  holy  ministry  by  Dr.  John  Bachman,  who  also  instructed 
Rev.  Washington  Muller  in  his  preparation  for  the  ministry. 


INTERIOR    ST.    JOHNS    CHURCH,    CHARLESTON 


Dr.  Bachman  also  organized  a  negro  congregation,  to 
which  the  north  gallery  of  the  church  was  assigned  for  their 
exclusive  use.  From  among  them  he  trained  three  as  min- 
isters of  the  Gospel;  Boston  Drayton,  who  was  sent  to  Africa 
as  a  missionary;  Bishop  Payne,  who  afterwards  united  with 
the  Methodist  Church,  by  which  he  was  made  a  bishop,  and 
John  Jones,  who  settled  in  the  North.  There  were  at  one 
time  190  negro  communicants.  Dr.  Bachman  also  organ- 
ized for  the  negro  children  a  Sunday  School  consisting  of 


History  of  Congregations  125 

about  150  scholars,  who  were  regularly  instructed  by  thirty- 
two  white  teachers. 

In  1830  Dr.  Bachman  induced  the  synod  to  establish  our 
Theological  Seminary,  the  first  professor  of  which  was  Rev. 
John  G.  Schwartz. 

Two  flourishing  congregations  in  Charleston  went  out  from 
St.  John's  Church  during  Dr.  Bachman's  pastorate:  St. 
Matthew's  Church  in  1841,  and  Morris  Street  (now  St.  An- 
drew's) Church  in  1857.  St.  Barnabas'  Church,  which  had 
its  inception  in  1883  upon  the  initiative  of  Rev.  Edward  T. 
Horn,  then  pastor  of  St.  John's  Church,  must  be  credited  to 
S.t  John's  Church  in  connection  with  the  other  Lutheran 
churches  of  Charleston. 

St.  John's  congregation  throughout  the  period  of  its  long 
history  has  been  a  loyal  and  liberal  supporter  of  the  synod. 
In  this  regard  the  name  of  Robert  G.  Chisolm,  its  president 
for  37  years,  should  be  held  in  special  honor.  Its  Ladies' 
Society,  for  many  years  under  the  presidency  of  Miss  Kate 
Bachman,  has  furnished  beneficiary  aid  to  several  theolog- 
ical students  each  year  (when  students  were  available)  al- 
most since  the  time  of  its  organization  in  1825.  The  cor- 
porate name  of  St.  John's  Church  is  The  Lutheran  Church 
of  German  Protestants.  The  presidents  of  the  corporation 
have  been: 

1785— George  Hahnbaum  1850— Elias  Horlbeck,  M.D. 

1795 — Daniel  Strobel  1855 — Jacob  F.  Schirmer 

1807 — Jacob  Sass  1869 — Henry  Cobia 

1836 — Jacob  F.  Mintzing  1870 — John  H.  Steinmeyer 

1842— John  Strohecker  1878— Robert  G.  Chisolm 

1849— B.  F.  Dunkin  1915— John  F.  Ficken 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Calhoun  County 

The  exact  date  of  the  organization  of  this  congregation 
can  not  now  be  definitely  fixed,  but  there  are  recorded  facts 
which  go  far  towards  determining  the  approximate  date. 

German  and  Swiss  colonies  settled  in  that  section  of  the 
state  in  1735  and  1737,  and  history  records  the  fact  that 
Rev.   John   Ulrich   Giessendanner  preached   in   Orangeburg 


126 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


village  and  Amelia  township  about  that  period.  He  died 
in  the  fall  of  1738,  It  seems  certain,  then,  that  his  minis- 
try there  began  with  those  early  settlers  between  the  dates 
named.  His  nephew,  bearing  the  same  name,  became  his 
successor,  and  although  this  young  man  preached  for  a  term 
of  years  as  a  Lutheran  pastor,  he  finally  went  over  to  the 
Episcopal  Church  and  carried  with  him  the  congregation  in 
the  town,  which  numbered  about  200  souls.  Had  he  then 
been  in  charge  of  the  Lutheran  people  of  Amelia  township 
he  would  most  probably  have  carried  these  with  him  also. 


ST.   MATTHEWS    CHURCH,    CAMERON 


This  view  of  the  case  justifies  the  fixing  of  the  date  of 
organization  at  about  1737,  the  time  when  the  second  group 
of  arrivals  of  Swiss  and  German  Lutherans  settled  in  that 
part  of  the  state. 

It  is  fair  to  state,  however,  that  the  younger  Giessendanner 
preached  in  Orangeburg  from  1738  to  1749  as  a  Lutheran 
minister,  and  in  1749  united  with  the  Episcopal  denomina- 
tion under  an  unjust  law  of  England  which  would  not  allow 
the  church  to  hold  property  without  the  Episcopal  ordination 


History  of  Congregations  127 

of  the  pastor.  If  we  credit  him  with  the  organization  of  St. 
Matthew's  congregation,  the  date  would  necessarily  be  about 
1740.  After  him  came  Rev.  John  George  Friederich  until 
1760.  Then  there  was  a  vacancy  which  seems  to  have  ex- 
tended to  1786.  From  1786  to  1799  Rev.  Frederick  Baser 
was  pastor.  From  1799  to  1814  Rev.  John  Philip  Frank- 
low  was  pastor.  Rev.  Michael  Ranch  preached  there  once 
each  month  from  1814  to  1822,  but  November,  1813,  and 
February  16,  1814,  Rev.  David  Henkel  preached  there  also 
and  received  some  members;  however.  Rev.  Michael  Ranch 
was  pastor  of  the  church.  From  1822  to  1826  Rev.  Samuel 
Herscher  was  pastor  in  charge  but  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  ded- 
icated a  new  church  on  July  2,  1826,  he  being  a  prominent 
officer  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  and  its  first  president. 
From  1827  to  1833  Revs.  Jacob  Wingard,  J.  D.  Sheck,  John 
C.  Hope  and  George  Haltiwanger  served  the  congregation, 
but  the  term  of  service  is  not  definitely  stated.  The  pastors 
then  were:  Rev.  David  Bernhardt,  1835-40;  Rev.  John  P. 
Margart,  1841-47;  Rev.  George  H.  Haigler,  1847-58;  Rev. 
Paul  Derrick,  1859-71;  Rev.  George  A.  Hough,  1872-74; 
Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  1875-80.  Reverends  William 
Stoudenmire  and  J.  F.  Probst  supplied  for  a  short  while,  and 
then  the  following  succeeded  each  other  as  the  regular  pas- 
tors: Reverends  J.  H.  Wilson,  D.D.,  Jacob  Hawkins,  D.D., 
John  H.  Wyse,  James  A.  B.  Scherer,  D.D.,  H.  A.  McCul- 
lough,  D.D.,  J.  D.  Kinard,  D.D.,  J.  W.  Oxner,  J.  L.  Yonce, 
and  Charles  J.  Shealy,  the  present  incumbent. 

Rev.  George  H.  Haigler  was  a  son  of  this  congregation,  en- 
tering the  ministry  in  1843. 

Rev.  Charles  J.  Shealy,  the  present  pastor,  writes:  "The 
original  St.  Matthew's  church  was  located  on  Lyons  Creek, 
some  three  or  four  miles  from  the  present  site  of  the  town 
of  St.  Matthews.  However,  when  a  new  church  was  dedi- 
cated by  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  in  1826,  it  was  moved  to  the 
present  site,  on  the  Monck's  Corner  road.  The  church  here 
was  rebuilt  and  dedicated  under  the  leadership  of  Rev.  H. 
A.  McCullough.  In  1841,  when  Rev.  J.  P.  Margart  became 
pastor,  the  council  of  St.  Matthew's  agreed  that  their  pas- 
tor should  hold   services  at  a  log;  schoolhouse  called   Pine 


128         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Grove,  five  miles  from  St.  Matthew's  Church  towards  Santee 
River,  This  was  the  beginning  of  what  is  now  Pine  Grove 
Church,  which  in  turn  was  the  parent  of  Trinity,  Elloree. 
In  the  course  of  time  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  build  a 
church  in  Orange  Parish  on  Four  Holes  Swamp,  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  members  residing  in  that  direction, 
and  with  a  view  of  still  further  extending  the  Church.  Ac- 
cordingly, a  building  was  erected,  chiefly  by  the  contributions 
of  the  Haigler  family,  and,  being  ready  for  service,  was 
dedicated  on  Sunday,  March  25,  1843,  Rev.  J.  F.  W.  Lep- 
pard  assisting  Rev.  J.  P.  Margart.  This  church  received  the 
name  of  Mt.  Lebanon.  Also  in  these  latter  years,  members 
of  St.  Matthew's  Church  cooperated  in  the  building  of 
Epiphany  in  the  town  of  St.  Matthews.  Thus  it  is  seen  that 
the  desire  to  extend  the  Church  has  always  been  in  the  hearts 
of  the  people  of  St.  Matthew's  congregation. 

"However,  at  the  present  time,  the  church  is  rather  weak 
numerically.  The  erection  of  Resurrection  Church  at  Cameron 
has  drawn  some  of  the  larger  leading  families  into  it.  Yet 
there  is  a  sufficient  constituency  to  maintain  the  church,  and 
the  outlook  is  such  that  it  may  safely  be  predicted  that  the 
old  church  will  for  many  years  take  its  place  among  the 
churches  of  the  synod. 

"A  responsiveness  to  the  calls  of  the  Church  at  large  has 
characterized  this  country  congregation  for  the  last  quarter 
of  a  century.  Its  members  have  given  liberally  to  the  work 
of  the  synod,  to  the  support  of  Christian  education  and  to 
foreign  missions." 

Mt.  Pleasant  Churcli,  near  Ekrliarclt 

The  organization  of  this  church  dates  back  to  1750,  and 
an  earlier  date  may  well  be  assumed.  Ramsay,  in  his  his- 
tory of  South  Carolina,  mentions  Lutheran  churches  in  Barn- 
well District  prior  to  that  date,  and  these  must  have  been 
St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Nicholas'  Churches,  for  Shiloh 
Church  was  not  organized  until  late  in  1830.*  Shiloh  has 
long  since  ceased  to  exist. 


*(See  Minutes   1830,   Page   17.) 


History  of  Congregations 


129 


St.  Bartholomew  is  the  present  Mt.  Pleasant  Church.  It 
was  located  about  one  mile  south  of  the  present  site.  When 
the  second  church  was  built  in  1835,  the  name  and  location 


were  both  changed. 


Pastor  A.  W.  Ballentine  gives  the  following  information: 
"Some  of  the  very  old  people  have  seen  this  old  building, 
with  its  roof  fallen  in.  In  this  building  it  is  supposed  that 
Rev.  Isaac  Bamberg  preached  from  1798  until  his  death  in 
1800.     One  of  his  descendants,  now  an  old  lady,  had  the 


MT.    PLEASANT   CHURCH,    EHRHARDT 

grave  pointed  out  to  her  when  she  was  a  child.  The  old 
church  ground  and  graveyard  have  no  markers  and  have 
been  all  but  forgotten.  The  second  church  was  built  and 
dedicated  in  1835  at  the  present  location  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  Rev.  Robert  Cloy,  who  died  May  4,  1853.  Most 
of  the  old  people  remember  this  old  building  distinctly.  The 
third  building  on  the  same  grounds  was  constructed  and  ded- 
icated in  1873  during  the  pastoral  care  of  l\ev.  C.  P.  Boozer. 
The  forty-ninth  convention  of  the  Synod  of  South  Carolina 
was  held  here  in  October  of  the  same  year.     October  26, 


130        History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

1909,  this  congregation  with  the  Ehrhardt  congregation  united 
to  form  the  Mt.  Pleasant-Ehrhardt  Pastorate.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  year  1864,  Sunday  School  has  been  held  in 
Mt.  Pleasant  Church  since  the  year  1800." 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  church:  Reverends 
Isaac  Bamberg,  1798-1800;  W.  D.  Strobel,  about  1830-31; 
J.  D.  Sheck;  David  Hungerpeler;  Robert  Cloy,  about  1835; 
W.  G.  Harter,  about  1836-40;  P.  A.  Strobel;  C.  F.  Bansemer; 
Paul  Kistler,  about  1852;  G.  R.  Haigler;  B.  F.  Berry,  1856- 
68;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1872-73;  Barney  Kreps,  about  1873-76; 
J.  B.  Haskell,  supply  in  1877;  J.  F.  Probst,  1877-81;  I.  P. 
Hawkins,  about  1883;  E.  A.  Wingard,  1886;  J.  H.  Wilson, 
D.D.,  1888-1902;  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  1902-08;  D.  B.  Grose- 
close,  1908-13;  E.  F.  K.  Roof,  1914-17;  P.  D.  Risinger, 
1917-22;  A.  W.  Ballentine,  1922-24. 

The  roll  of  members  is  now  161,  with  168  in  the  Sunday 
School.     The  property  value  is  $2,000. 

St.  PauFs  Church,  near  Pomaria 

This  is  one  of  the  oldest  congregations  in  Newberry  County, 
if  not  the  very  oldest,  and  its  history  has  been  hard  to  trace; 
however,  with  the  assistance  of  Pastor  S.  P.  Koon,  we  have 
in  the  following  sketch  a  reasonably  accurate  account  of  its 
origin  and  development. 

It  was  no  doubt  organized  about  1761,  and  not  later  than 
1764.  Its  organizers  were  some  of  the  early  settlers.  Tradi- 
tion places  the  organization  when  Joseph  Boone  was  Governor 
of  South  Carolina,  which  would  fix  the  date  between  1761- 
1764. 

The  land  belonging  to  the  church  is  a  tract  of  sixty-eight 
acres,  and  must  have  been  granted  by  George  III  of  England. 
Mr.  John  Bulow  Campbell,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  writes:  "My 
records  indicate  that  Rev.  Joachim  Bulow  founded  the  Lu- 
theran Church  in  Newberry  District  in  1765,"  and  he  fur- 
nishes evidence  to  show  that  the  said  Mr.  Bulow  was  preach- 
ing at  St.  Paul's  Church  in  1775.  He  owned  two  hundred 
acres  of  land  on  Crim's  Creek  and  had  a  mill  on  Bush  River, 
which  accounts  for  his  ability  to  furnish  supplies  to  the  Amer- 


History  of  Congregations  131 


ican  Army  during  the  Revolution.  The  same  authority  says 
that  Rev.  Mr.  Bulow  was  buried  under  St.  Paul's  Church, 
but  no  trace  of  the  grave  has  been  found. 

The  first  building  was  constructed  of  logs.  This  building 
gave  place  later  on  to  a  second  church,  which  stood  until 
about  1830,  in  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Michael  Ranch,  when  a 
new  and  better  structure  took  the  place  of  the  old  church. 
The  dedicatory  service  was  conducted  by  the  pastor  assisted 
by  Rev.  J.  G.  Schwartz.  This  building  has  since  been  remod- 
eled, and  is  still  in  use  by  a  flourishing  congregation. 


ST.  PAUL'S  CHURCH.  PQMARIA 

The  first  parsonage  was  built  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev. 
J.  D.  Stingley  (1853-55).  The  contract  is  still  preserved 
in  the  church  records  and  bears  the  date  1853. 

In  November,  1905,  Mr.  A.  H.  Kohn  stated  in  the  public 
prints  that  Rev.  Bernard  Michael  Houseal  of  Reading,  Pa., 
preached  at  St.  Paul's  Church  during  a  visit  to  his  brother 
before  the  American  Revolution.  Pastor  S.  P.  Koon  has  a 
copy  of  a  receipt  given  by  Capt.  William  Frederick  Houseal, 
brother  of  Rev.  B.  M.  Houseal,  to  Rev.  Joachim  Bulow  for 
supplies  to  General  Sumter,  thus  proving  that  Rev.  Mr.  Bulow 
was  the  first  pastor  of  this  historic  church. 

The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Frederick  Joseph  Wallern.  He 
was  preaching  here  in  1787,  being  then  a  young  man  28  years 


132         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

of  age.  He  made  his  home  here,  and  lived  until  1818,  There 
is  evidence  that  he  was  preaching  up  to  1815;  thus  he  was 
active  in  the  ministry  almost  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  buried  near  his  home,  but  in  1917  his  body  was  brought 
to  St.  Paul's  cemetery,  where  his  tomb  may  still  be  seen. 


< 

w% 

■  * 

1 

■    1».    - 

GRAVE    OF    REV.    AND    MRS.    F.    J.    WALLERN 

The  bodies  of  Rev.  and  Mrs,  Wallern  were  removed  to 
this  place  from  their  family  burying  ground  by  A.  H.  Kohn 
and  J.  J.  Epting.  The  tombstone  bears  the  following  inscrip- 
tion: "To  the  memory  of  Frederick  J.  Wallern,  who  was 
bom  April  6,  1759,  and  departed  this  life  Oct,  6th,  A,D. 
1818,  aged  58  years  and  6  months.  He  was  a  preacher  of 
the  Gospel  in  the  Lutheran  Church  and  we  now  hope  is  re- 
moved to  the  rest  prepared  for  the  servant  of  God." 

Rev.  Mr.  Wallem  was  followed  by  Rev.  J.  Yost  Meetze, 
and  he  was  preaching  here  before  the  organization  of  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1824, 

Coincident  with  and  following  the  year  the  synod  was 
organized,  pastors  served  St,  Paul's  Church  as  follows: 

Rev.  S.  Herscher  1824- 

Rev.  Michael  Ranch  1825-1827 

Rev.  Jacob  Wingard  1828-1829 

Rev.  Michael  Ranch   (again)   1830-1833 


History  of  Congregations  133 

Rev.  J.  C.  Hope 1834-1838 

Rev.  W.  G.  Harter  (following  a  va- 
cancy of  two  years)  1840-1841 

Rev.  William  Berly  1841-1850 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony  1851-1853 

Rev.  J.  B.  Stingley  1853-1855 

Rev.  J.  P.  Margart  1855-1858 

Rev.  D.  M.  Blackwelder  (following  a 
vacancy  of  one  year  in  1859,  when 
ministers     from     Newberry     College 

supplied)    : 1860-1865 

Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh 1865-1912 

Rev.  Y.  von  A.  Riser 1912-1916 

Rev.  S.  C.  Ballentine,  temporary  sup- 
ply during  portion  of  1916 

Rev.   S.  P.  Koon,  present  pastor  since  ...1916. 

The  services  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  as  pastor  extended 
over  a  period  of  forty-six  years,  one  of  the  longest  and  most 
fruitful  in  the  history  of  the  Southern  Church.  Dr.  Sligh 
took  charge  in  1866,  and  in  1912  resigned  on  account  of 
advancing  age,  having  Rev.  Y.  von  A.  Riser  as  associate 
pastor  one  year  before  he  relinquished  the  work. 

During  the  term  of  Rev.  S.  P.  Koon,  the  present  pastor, 
a  new  parsonage  has  been  built  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $5,000. 
In  this  parsonage  work  St.  Paul's  Church  was  assisted  by 
St.  Philip's  and  Bachman's  Chapel  Churches.  These  two 
churches  now  belong  to  the  St.  Paul's  charge.  St.  Paul's 
congregation  at  present  numbers  about  350  communicants. 

The  following  sons  of  St.  Paul's  Church  have  entered  the 
ministry:  Revs.  Herman  Aull,  William  Berly,  Elijah  El- 
more, J.  E.  Berly,  M.D.,  M.  J.  Epting,  D.D.,  S.  T.  Riser, 
G.  A.  Riser,  R.  E.  Livingston,  W.  K.  Sligh,  T.  B.  Epting, 
H.  P.  Counts  and  E.  K.  Counts. 

Rev.  S.  P.  Koon,  pastor,  gives  some  interesting  matters 
in  the  following  letter: 

"Since  writing  you,  I  have  seen  a  plat  of  Rev.  Joseph 
Bulow's  land.  He  took  out  an  original  grant.  The  survey 
was  made  May  12,  1773.     The  grant  was  made  in  1774. 


134         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

It  was  recorded  November  12,  1774.  The  location  of  his 
house  is  also  given.  I  have  all  the  boundaries  of  this  two 
hundred  acre  tract.  It  was  on  Crim's  Creek,  and  could  not 
have  been  far  from  the  home  of  Rev.  Mr.  Wallern.  He 
also  owned  a  mill  on  Bush  River. 

"I  understand  from  receipts  which  he  gave  that  he  went 
to  Charleston  after  the  Revolution,  and  remained  there  some 
years.  He  gave  these  receipts  when  he  received  pay  for  sup- 
plies furnished  the  army.  I  understand  that  he  had  a 
daughter  named  Ann,  who  married  a  Mr.  Gettis  and  through 
her  Mr.  Campbell  is  descended.  Mr.  A.  S.  Salley,  Jr.,  Sec- 
retary of  the  South  Carolina  Historical  Commission,  deserves 
credit  for  much  of  this  information." 

Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  is  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  St. 
Paul's  Church,  near  Pomaria. 

Bethel  Church    (High  Hill),  Richland  County 

This  is  one  of  the  old  historic  churches  of  the  synod,  and 
it  deserves  more  than  a  passing  notice.  It  was  organized  in 
1770,  but  under  whose  ministry  it  has  not  been  possible  to 
determine.  The  first  building  was  constructed  out  of  pine 
logs,  and  not  until  1846  was  a  better  house  of  worship  erected. 
This  congregation  seems  to  have  been  among  those  incorpor- 
ated in  1788,  and  was  no  doubt  part  of  "The  Corpus  Evan- 
gelicum".  It  is  one  of  the  congregations  included  in  the 
organization  of  this  synod  in  1824. 

Some  years  ago  Mr.  J.  J.  Dreher  furnished  a  sketch  of 
this  church,  which  states  that  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  with 
Rev.  J.  Y.  Meetze  as  "co-preacher",  served  this  church,  but 
this  could  not  have  been  prior  to  October  23,  1810,  when  the 
former  was  licensed,  and  the  latter  not  until  October  19, 
1812.  Mr.  J.  J.  Dreher  furnishes  the  reliable  information 
that  Reverends  Godfrey  Dreher  and  J.  P.  Franklow  preached 
and  performed  other  ministerial  acts  there  as  far  back  as 
1815,  the  one  preaching  in  German,  the  other  (Pastor 
Dreher)  preaching  in  English. 

The  faithfulness  of  these  preachers  of  the  old  times  is 
indicated  by  the  following  incident:     Rev.  J.  Y.  Meetze  was 


History  of  Congregations 


135 


crossing  Saluda  River  at  Dreher's  Ford,  on  his  way  to  fill 
his  appointment,  when  his  horse  blundered  and  the  rider  fell 
in  the  stream,  one  of  his  feet  hanging  in  the  stirrup.  The 
horse   immediately   made   for  the   shore,   pulling   the   rider 


out  and  thus  saving  his  life. 


BETHEL    CHURCH,    HIGH    HILL 


The  list  of  pastors  is  uncertain.  These  are  mentioned: 
Reverends  Frederick  Joseph  Wallem,  C.  E.  Bernhardt,  H. 
Winkhouse,  Paul  Henkel,  David  Henkel,  C.  A.  G.  Storch, 
J.  P.  Franklow,  Godfrey  Dreher,  M.  Moser,  Michael  Rauch, 
G.  Haltiwanger,  Jr.,  J.  D.  Stingley,  J.  B.  Lowman,  J.  N. 
Derrick  and  W.  A.  Houck.  The  last  named  died  January 
18,  1874.  A  long  list  of  pastors  served  the  church  in  the 
ensuing  fifty  years. 

The  present  building  was  erected  in  1881,  improvements 
having  been  made  in  1908. 

Out  of  Bethel  Church  St.  Michael's  Church  grew,  and  these 
two  constituted  a  pastorate  during  a  considerable  part  of 
the  life  of  these  congregations. 


136 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


St.  John's  Church,  Pomana 

By  precept  issued  by  Egerton  Leigh,  Surveyor  General, 
on  January  1,  1763,  to  John  Pearson,  deputy  surveyor,  a 
tract  of  land  of  one  hundred  acres  was  surveyed  and  certi- 
fied to  the  Surveyor  General  June  27,  1763.  October  5, 
1763,  a  grant  was  issued  in  the  name  of  King  George  III,  by 
Thomas  Boone,  Governor  in  Council,  to  John  Adam  Epting 
and  Peter  Dickert,  elders  of  the  dissenting  congregation  and 
their  successors,  for  one  hundred  acres  on  Grames  Creek 
(now  Crim's  Creek)  between  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers,  in 
trust  for  a  glebe  and  building,  a  meeting  house  to  the  min- 


ST.    JOHN'S    CHURCH,    POMARIA 

ister  of  the  said  congregation  for  the  time  being,  bounded 
on  the  westward  by  lands  of  Melchior  Lyner  and  Rev.  John 
Capert,  to  the  northward  vacant  land,  to  the  eastward  vacant 
land  and  part  on  land  laid  out  to  Henry  Hertley,  and  to  the 
southward  part  on  land  belonging  to  John  Sweetenburg  and 
part  vacant. 

The  plat  on  which  this  grant  is  based  has  located  on  it 
several  roads  now  open  and  a  house  located  thereon  called 


History  of  Congregations  137 


a  meeting  house,  which,  according  to  the  roads  laid  out  and 
those  now  used,  is  the  same  location  of  the  present  house. 
This  house  must  have  been  built  prior  to  1763  or  else  it 
would  not  have  been  shown  on  the  plat.  Some  time  after 
the  Revolutionary  War  there  was  some  impression  that  the 
grants  made  by  King  George  III  were  not  good,  and  Major 
William  Summer,  on  November  4,  1826,  had  this  tract  of 
land  surveyed  and  measured  as  111  acres.  December  4, 
1826,  he  obtained  a  grant  from  the  state  for  the  same.  He 
conveyed  this  land  to  Uriah  Mayer,  William  Chapman  and 
Nicholas  Summer,  as  elders,  trustees  and  wardens  in  trust 
for  Lutheran  St.  John's  Church,  January  13,  1827,  in  con- 
sideration of  "the  attachment  I  bear  to  the  protestant  Lu- 
theran St.  John's  Church". 

It  has  been  the  impression  to  some  extent  among  some  of 
the  older  people  of  this  church  that  John  Adam  Epting  had 
the  original  grant  to  the  church  land  and  that  it  was  in  pos- 
session of  his  granddaughter,  Mrs.  Davenport.  By  the  kind- 
ness of  friends  a  photographic  copy  of  the  grant  held  by 
Mrs.  Davenport  has  been  secured.  This  copy  did  not  indi- 
cate the  book  in  which  it  was  recorded  and  upon  examination 
it  could  not  be  found  even  indexed,  but  one  of  the  clerks  of 
the  Secretary  of  State's  office  and  the  writer  made  a  search  of 
a  book  about  the  date  of  the  grant  and  found  it.  This  grant 
conveys  by  King  George  II,  by  the  hand  of  James  Glen, 
Governor  in  Council,  to  John  Adam  Epting  in  fee,  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  acres  in  the  forks  between  Broad  and  Saluda 
Rivers  on  a  creek  called  Crim's  Creek,  bounded  southward, 
partly  on  land  laid  out  to  Nicholas  Pressler  and  partly  on 
vacant  land  and  on  all  other  sides  by  vacant  land.  The  deed 
accompanying  this  plat  was  certified  by  George  Hunter,  Sur- 
veyor General,  November  28,  1749,  and  the  grant  is  dated 
August  27,  1751.  The  plat  of  this  two  hundred  fifty  acres 
locates  Crim's  Creek  as  running  practically  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  tract,  flowing  from  the  west  toward  the  east. 

So  the  grant  held  by  Mrs.  Davenport,  given  by  George 
II,  is  not  the  grant  to  the  St.  John's  Church  land. 

It  is  supposed  that  Rev.  Frederick  Joseph  Wallern  served 
this  church  from  about  the  time  of  the  Revolutionary  War 


138 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


until  his  death.  It  has  not  been  possible  to  get  any  infor- 
mation as  to  who  was  the  pastor  previous  to  that  time.  After 
the  death  of  Mr.  Wallern  the  next  pastor  that  we  know  of 
definitely  was  Rev.  Jacob  Moser,  followed  by  Rev.  Godfrey 
Dreher;  also  in  the  first  part  of  the  19th  century,  Rev.  John 
C.  Hope,  who  was  reared  near  the  church,  preached  there 
frequently. 


OLD    COMMUNION    SERVICE    IN    ST.    JOHN'S    CHURCH     (LOCALLY    KNOWN 
AS    THE    WHITE    CHURCH),    NEAR    POM  ARIA 

Tradition  says  that  this  set  was  brought  to  America  from  Germany  by  some  of 
the  early  settlers,  who  organized  the  church  about  160  years  ago.  The  flagon,  bap- 
tismal bowl  and  wafer  plate  have  F.  F.  W.,  1766,  engraved  on  them.  The  cup  or 
chalice   is   of   a   later   date. 

The  small  plate  shown  was  made  out  of  silver  coins  by  a  member  of  the  congre- 
gation named  Setzler.  The  only  tools  used  were  his  hammer  and  anvil.  He  was 
locally  known  as  the  "wizard  gunsmith". 

The  Bible  shown  in  the  engraving  was  purchased  about  1800,  and  beai-s  date  of 
1796.     It  has  been  in  use  and  in  the  church  for  nearly  a  centui-y  and  a  quarter. 


Following  is  information  which  has  been  furnished  by  an 
officer  of  St.  John's  Church,  and  some  additional  facts  have 
been  gleaned  from  authentic  sources. 

This  church,  located  near  Pomaria,  was  incorporated  in 
1763,  but  must  have  been  organized  about  1750.  The  orig- 
inal members  came  from  Germany,  a  few  came  from  Penn- 
sylvania. They  brought  their  pastor,  Rev.  Mr.  Luft,  with 
them,  and  he  was  no  doubt  the  founder  of  St.  John's  Church. 


History  of  Congregations  139 

His  ashes  rest  in  the  churchyard.  Following  him  are  the 
names  of  Revs.  Waterman,  Froelich  and  Theus.  The  first 
churches  were  built  of  logs,  but  in  1808  a  better  structure 
was  reared,  which,  with  some  improvements,  still  remains. 
The  nails  and  hinges  used  were  forged  by  John  Summer. 

Reverends  Lewis  Hockheimer  and  John  Nicholas  Martin 
also  served  this  congregation.  Rev.  Mr.  Hockheimer  died 
here  and  Rev.  J.  N.  Martin  moved  to  Charleston  in  1787. 
In  1787  Rev.  Frederick  Joseph  Wallern  was  known  to  be 
the  pastor,  and  his  ministry  extended  to  1815,  just  three 
years  before  he  died.  Rev.  Jacob  Moser  was  pastor  here 
about  eleven  years,  and  Rev.  Simeon  Scherer,  from  North 
Carolina,  also  preached  here,  but  no  record  appears  as  to 
the  length  of  service  he  rendered.  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  and 
Rev,  Jacob  Moser  both  preached  here  by  a  mutual  arrange- 
ment, but  how  long  can  not  now  be  determined.  The  record 
is  clear  from  1850,  at  which  time  Rev.  Daniel  Efird  became 
pastor,  and  continued  until  1882.  Then  Rev.  J.  K.  Efird, 
1882-92;  Rev.  S.  L.  Nease,  1892-94;  Rev.  A.  R.  Beck,  1894- 
1900;  Rev.  B.  D.  Wessinger,1900-01;  Rev.  E.  J.  Sox,  1901- 
10;  Rev.  J.  L.  Cromer,  1914-15;  Rev.  J.  C.  Wessinger,  1915- 
17;  Rev.  B.  L.  Stroup,  1918-20;  Rev.  W.  H.  Riser,  1921-22. 
About  the  year  1835  an  unfortunate  misunderstanding 
came  into  the  life  of  the  congregation,  after  which,  by  agree- 
ment, ministers  of  the  South  Carolina  and  Tennessee  Synods 
preached  here  for  many  years,  on  alternate  Sundays,  until 
time  and  the  grace  of  God  ended  the  strife  and  brought  a 
new  era  into  the  life  of  our  Southern  Church.  The  two  con- 
gregations finally  joined  hands  in  the  same  synod. 

The  following  ministers  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
preached  here  under  the  agreement  referred  to: 

Reverends  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  J.  D.  Stingley,  John 
P.  Margart,  D.  M.  Blackwelder,  T.  S.  Boinest,  G.  W.  Hol- 
land, S.  S.  Rahn,  H.  S.  Wingard,  S.  T.  Hallman,  J.  H.  Wyse, 
J.  D.  Bowles,  J.  J.  Long,  L  E.  Long,  J.  A.  Linn,  S.  C.  Ballen- 
tine,  Enoch  Hite,  H.  A.  Kistler  and  J.  B.  Haigler. 


140 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Sandy  Run  Church,  Calhoun  County 

This  is  known  as  one  of  the  oldest  Lutheran  congregations 
in  the  state,  but  the  exact  date  is  shrouded  in  uncertainty. 
An  act  of  incorporation,  quoted  in  Bernheim's  Lutheran 
Church  in  the  Carolinas,  furnishes  the  proof  that  it  was  in- 
cluded in  that  act  of  1778,  under  the  name,  "The  German 
Lutheran  Church  of  Salem,  Sandy  Run."  There  is  no  his- 
toric clue  to  the  date  of  organization,  but  it  is  certain  that 
this  church  formed  a  part  of  the  "Corpus  Evangelicum". 
Under  its  incorporated  name,  "Salem,"  it  stands  among  the 


SANDY    RUN    CHURCH 


churches  entering  into  the  formation  of  this  synod  in  Jan- 
uary, 1824.  Then  at  the  convention  of  November,  1825, 
we  find  a  list  of  donations  from  Sandy  Run  Church,  the 
church,  however,  then  being  vacant.  Its  early  pastoral  sup- 
ply is  more  a  matter  of  conjecture  than  of  historic  fact. 

The  first  really  authentic  information  comes  in  the  min- 
utes of  November,  1826,  when  Sandy  Run  is  given  as  in 
the  charge  of  Reverends  Yost  Meetze  and  Godfrey  Dreher. 


History  of  Congregations  141 

Dr.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  in  a  translation  of  what  is  designated 
"Actum,  Sandy  Run,  August  12,  1788",  names  Reverends 
Daser,  Theus,  Bamberg,  and  Wallem  as  having  assembled 
in  Salem  Church,  Sandy  Run,  and,  no  doubt,  some  one  of 
these  was  instrumental  in  the  organization  of  this  congre- 
gation, but  further  than  that  it  is  useless  to  surmise.  This, 
however,  does  fix  the  date  back  of  1788 — possibly  about 
1765.  In  1828  Rev.  Jacob  Wingard  was  the  pastor;  also 
in  1829.  Then  Rev.  J.  D.  Scheck  was  pastor  in  1830,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  C.  F.  Bergman,  1831;  Rev.  J.  C. 
Hope,  1832-33;  Rev.  George  Haltiwanger,  1834-43;  Rev.  J. 
F.  W.  Leppard,  1844-51;  Rev.  J.  H.  Bailey,  1852;  Rev.  J. 
B.  Anthony,  1853-58;  Rev.  J.  P.  Margart,  1859-60;  then  a 
vacancy  seems  to  have  followed  up  to  1864,  when  Rev.  J. 
H.  Cupp  took  charge,  but  resigned  before  the  convention  of 
1865.  How  long  the  congregation  remained  vacant,  or  how 
supplied,  we  can  not  determine  by  the  records;  but  in  due 
time  Rev.  William  Berly  took  charge  and  served  the  congre- 
gation until  about  1873,  when  he  ceased  to  be  mortal.  Then 
Rev.  J.  H.  Bailey  became  pastor  and  continued  up  to  1883. 
In  1888  Rev.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps  took  charge  and  served  to 
October  5,  1885. 

The  next  name  associated  with  this  historic  church  as  pas- 
tor is  that  of  Rev.  S.  S.  Rahn,  1888,  but  at  the  end  of 
the  synodical  year  he  resigned  and  the  vacancy  was  filled  by 
Rev.  P.  H.  E.  Derrick.  He,  too,  resigned  in  1892  and  trans- 
ferred to  the  Georgia  Synod.  He  was  followed  by  Rev.  R. 
E.  Livingston  in  1892-1903;  1904  vacant;  Rev.  R.  E.  Liv- 
ingston, again,  1905-09;  1910  vacant;  Rev.  R.  E.  Living- 
ston, again,  1911-18,  when  he  passed  to  his  heavenly  home. 

In  1919  Rev.  J.  W.  Oxner  took  charge  as  supply  pastor 
for  the  synodical  year,  but  has  been  induced  to  continue  up 
to  1924. 

This  congregation  has  lost  very  much  by  death  and  re- 
movals, but  her  people  have  been  heroic  and  faithful,  and 
a  brighter  day  will  surely  come.  There  are  about  fifty  mem- 
bers on  the  roll,  thirty  in  the  Sunday  School,  with  a  property 
value  of  $3,700. 


142         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Bethlehem  Church,  near  Irmo 

There  seems  to  be  no  source  of  reliable  information  with 
reference  to  the  organization  of  this  congregation  and  the 
time  when  its  first  house  of  worship  was  built.  The  present 
pastor  places  the  organization  in  1788.  Credible  tradition 
has  it  that  the  first  church  was  built  farther  up  the  river  than 
the  church  known  as  Bookman's  Church.  This  was  an  old 
log  structure  and  some  of  the  logs  remained  until  a  few 
years  ago. 

This  first  organization  and  house  of  worship  was  known 
as  the  Ellisor  Church.  The  late  D.  A.  Richardson,  who  was  a 
close  friend  of  David  Bookman,  said  that  David  Bookman 
told  him  that  the  majority  of  the  congregation  wanted  to 
move  the  church  lower  down  the  river  in  order  to  interest  the 
Swygerts  and  Loricks  in  that  locality,  these  families  being 
prominent  in  that  section  in  those  days.  The  minority  did 
not  want  to  make  the  change,  but  the  church  known  as  Book- 
man's Church  was  built  by  the  majority  of  the  congregation 
at  a  date  which  has  not  been  ascertained.  The  nearest  infor- 
mation is  an  entry  in  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher: 
"Preach  at  the  new  church  on  Broad  River  June  6,  1819." 
The  first  church  was  called  Ellisor's  Church  because  it  was 
in  a  neigborhood  composed  of  families  principally  of  that 
name.  The  second  Bookman's  Church  was  so  called  because 
located  in  a  neighborhood  populated  largely  by  Bookmans. 
This  old  house  of  worship  finally  gave  place  to  the  new  edi- 
fice near  Irmo,  which  building  is  now  used  by  the  congre- 
gation. 

From  1819  or  1820  until  1851  this  church  was  served 
principally  by  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  and  from  1851  or  1852 
until  1882  by  Rev.  D.  Efird.  Then  followed:  Reverends 
J.  S.  Koiner,  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.,  W.  L.  Darr,  Jacob  Wike, 
James  F,  Deal,  0.  B.  Shearouse,  Enoch  Hite,  W.  J.  Roof, 
J.  L.  Cromer,  and  J.  M.  Senter,  the  present  pastor,  who 
writes:  "The  cornerstone  of  the  present  building  bears  this 
inscription:  'Bethlehem  Church,  June  30,  1901.  Incorpor- 
ated 1788.'  " 


History  of  Congregations 


143 


St.  Jacob's  Church,  Chapin 

Definite  information  is  not  available  as  to  the  date  of  the 
organization  of  the  congregation  or  the  erection  of  the  first 
building.  It  was  probably  organized  in  1760.  The  only 
authentic  information  is  that  it  was  one  of  the  churches 
assisting  in  the  organization  of  the  Corpus  Evangelicum,  No- 
vember 13,  1787,  and  that  it  was  incorporated  February  29, 
1788.* 


ST.    JACOB'S    CHURCH 


It  is  safe  to  assume  that  at  this  date  it  had  a  house  of  wor- 
ship. Mr.  D.  A.  Richardson  remembered  that  in  1847  he 
attended  service  with  this  congregation  in  an  old  dilapidated 
log  house  standing  upon  the  site  of  the  present  building,  and 
that  on  the  side  of  the  house  on  which  he  sat  during  service 
the  pins  holding  several  of  the  logs  between  two  windows  had 
rotted  off  and  the  logs  had  fallen  out. 

In  1853  a  sanctuary  was  built  under  contract  by  Levi  Seay 
of  Lexington.     It  was  the  house  used  by  the  congregation 


'(South   Carolina  Statutes  at  Large,   Vol.   HI,  pp.   144-145.) 


144 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


until  1905,  and  was  the  first  church  in  that  section  of  the 
country  that  had  a  gallery  in  it,  which  attracted  considerable 
attention  from  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country.  This 
old  building  was  remodeled  in  1905,  and  is  now  being  used 
by  the  congregation. 

The  first  pastor  of  whom  it  has  been  possible  to  obtain 
any  definite  information  is  Rev.  Jacob  Moser,  who  served 
the  congregation  in  the  first  part  of  the  Nineteenth  century. 
Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  preached  in  this  church  in  1819,  but 
he  seems  not  to  have  been  elected  pastor  until  1836.  He 
served  the  congregation  until  1852.  Rev.  Daniel  Efird  was 
then  the  pastor  until  1882.  Since  that  time  the  congregation 
has  been  served  by  Reverends  J.  S.  Koiner,  J.  P.  Smeltzer, 
W.  L.  Darr,  Jacob  Wike,  J.  F.  Deal,  Enoch  Hite,  0.  B.  Shear- 
ouse,  J.  C.  Wessinger  and  R.  M.  Carpenter. 


Zion  Church,  Lexington 

From  the  best  information  obtainable  at  this  time,  this 
church  was  organized  some  time  between  1740  and  1750. 
The   first  house  of  worship   was  built  some   time  after  its 


ZION    CHURCH.    1792 


History  of  Congregations 


145 


ZION    CHURCH,    192 


organization,  located  on  Twelve  Mile  Creek  near  the  home 
of  Godfrey  Dreher,  Jr.,  which  stood  very  near  the  present 
location  of  the  mill  now  owned  by  Corley  Brothers.  Novem- 
ber 13,  1787,  the  Corpus  Evangelicum  was  organized  in  this 
old  building. 

The  land  for  the  first  building  was  given  by  Godfrey 
Dreher  and  his  brother,  John  Dreher.  The  church  was  in- 
corporated in  1788.  January  9,  1788,  Rev.  J.  G.  Bamberg 
was  ordained  in  this  building  by  Reverends  Senior  Daser 
and  Frederick  Augustus  Wallburg. 

Previous  to  1787,  Zion,  St.  Peter's  and  Bethel  (on  High 
Hill  Creek)  had  been  formed  into  a  pastorate,  known  as  the 
Saluda  Pastorate,  but  how  long  this  organization  continued, 
there  is  no  definite  knowledge. 

In  1792  a  frame  house  was  built  very  near  the  river  close 
to  what  was  then  known  as  Younginer's  Ferry.  In  1856  an 
addition  was  made  to  this  building  and  this  served  the  pur- 
pose of  the  congregation  until  1922,  when  the  brick  edifice 
on  top  of  the  river  hill  on  the  Columbia  road,  about  half  a 


146        History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


mile  from  the  second  building,  was  erected,  and  now  is  used 
by  the  congregation. 

It  is  possible  that  this  eongregation  was  connected  with 
the  North  Carolina  Synod  previous  to  1824.  At  that  time 
it  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 
In  1853  it  united  the  Tennessee  Synod.  In  1921,  with  the 
union  of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  Synods,  it  became 
connected  with  the  United  Synod  of  North  Carolina.  In  1922 
it  united  again  with  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

From  tradition  and  from  what  records  can  be  gathered 
at  the  present  time,  it  seems  that  commencing  about  1760 
this  congregation  was  served  by  the  following  pastors:  Rev- 
erends John  Nicholas  Martin,  Lewis  Hockheimer,  J.  G.  Bam- 
berg, C.  E.  Bernhardt,  John  Nicholas  Marcord,  Michael 
Ranch,  J.  P.  Franklow,  J.  Y.  Meetze,  Godfrey  Dreher,  R.  J. 
Miller,  Daniel  Efird,  Adam  Efird,  A.  L.  Grouse,  E.  L.  Ly- 
brand,  J.  A.  Cromer.  Rev.  H.  A.  Kistler  is  the  present 
pastor. 

The  lands  for  the  second  house  on  the  river  were  donated 
by  Godfrey  Dreher  and  John  Dreher  and  for  the  third  build- 
ing by  S.  M.  and  W.  L.  Corley  and  G.  C.  Ehrhart. 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  met  in  this  church  November 
12-15,  1923.  This  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  pleasant 
and  profitable  conventions  in  the  history  of  the  synod.  A 
noteworthy  fact  is  that  two  of  the  grandsons  (Hon.  C.  M. 
Efird  and  Mr.  D.  F.  Efird)  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  were 
present  as  members  of  the  synod  and  added  much  to  the 
pleasure  and  success  of  the  meeting. 

Salem  Church,  Leesville 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1792.  It  is  greatly 
to  be  regretted  that  in  the  preparation  of  this  sketch  of  its 
history  the  data  were  not  available.  Two  marble  slabs  in 
the  church  bear  the  following  inscriptions: 

"In  blessed  memory  of  our  Fathers  and  Mothers  in  the 
true  faith  by  whose  prayers  and  sacrifices  Salem  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  was  founded,  1792." 


History  of  Congregations  147 

"In  grateful  memory  of  the  worthy  Sons  and  Daughters 
whose  contributions  rebuilt  and  painted  Salem  Evangel- 
ical Lutheran  Church,  1890-1891." 


SALEM    CHURCH 


In  the  132  years  of  its  existence  many  pastors  have  served 
this  congregation.  Among  the  remembered  names  are  those 
of  Reverends  David  Shealy,  Jesse  Lowman,  Drewry  Kyzer, 
J.  Q.  Wertz,  A.  W.  Lindler,  B.  Kreps,  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  C.  P. 
Boozer,  L.  E.  Busby,  H.  P.  Counts,  James  D.  Kinard,  D.  B. 
Groseclose,  S.  C.  Ballentine,  W.  E.  Schuette,  V.  Y.  Boozer. 
The  present  pastor  is  Rev.  W.  D.  Wise, 

St.  Peter's  Church  (Piney  Woods),  near  Chapin 

In  1793  Peter  Shumpert  and  Uriah  Mayer,  then  members 
of  St.  John's  Church  on  Broad  River,  found  a  vacant  piece 
of  land  of  112  acres  on  which  the  St.  Peter's  Church  now 
stands.  It  was  surveyed  February  15,  1794,  and  grant  ob- 
tained from  the  state  May  5,  1794.  These  men  and  others  in 
the  neighborhood  then  belonged  to  St.  John's,  to  which  church 
some  of  them  walked  in  attending  the  services.     A  congrega- 


148 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


tion  was  organized  by  Rev.  Frederick  Joseph  Wallem  and 
incorporated  December  17,  1794.  A  house  was  buih  of 
hewn  logs  and  ceiled  on  the  inside,  with  planed  pine  boards. 
It  stood  across  the  road  on  the  south  side  of  the  present 
building.  One  or  two  of  the  old  ceiling  boards  of  this 
church  are  now  in  possession  of  J.  J.  Frick,  grandson  of 
Thomas  Frick,  who  helped  to  organize  the  congregation  and 
build  the  first  house  of  worship. 


ST.    PETER'S    CHURCH     (PINEY    WOODS) 

In  March,  1834,  the  congregation  decided  to  build  another 
sanctuary  and  Jacob  Wheeler,  Jacob  Mayer,  Jack  Harmon, 
John  Sease  and  Jacob  Bower  were  appointed  a  building  com- 
mittee. The  amount  of  $633  in  cash  was  subscribed  for  the 
building.  The  old  house  was  sold  and  was  bought  by  Thomas 
Frick.  This  new  house  of  worship,  a  frame  structure,  forty 
feet  by  sixteen  feet,  was  dedicated  November  29,  1835,  by 
Rev.  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher. 

Following  is  the  list  of  pastors:  Reverends  Frederick 
Joseph  Wallem,  Harman  Winkhouse,  Michael  Ranch,  God- 
frey Dreher,  Daniel  Efird,  J.  K.  Efird,  J.  G.  Schaid,  A.  R. 
Beck,  B.  D.  Wessinger,  E.  J.  Sox,  M.  L.  Pence,  B.  L.  Stroup, 
W.  H.  Riser.     Rev.  D.  L.  Miller  is  the  present  pastor. 

St.  Peter's  Church  united  with  the  Tennessee  Synod  in 
1852  and  with  the  other  congregations  of  the  same  synod  in 


History  of  Congregations 


149 


South  Carolina  joined  in  the  formation  of  the  United  Synod 
of  North  Carolina  in  1921,  and  subsequently  in  1922,  in  sim- 
ilar manner,  united  with  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Nickolas'  ChurcK,  Fairfax 

The  date  of  organization  of  this  church  is  recorded  in 
the  list  of  churches  as  1800,  but  this  is  by  no  means  certain. 
At  the  convention  of  the  synod  in  November,  1829,  a  peti- 
tion was  sent  up  from  the  two  churches  in  Barnwell  District 
for  ministerial  services  the  next  year,  and  provision  was  made 


ST.   NICHOLAS'   CHURCH 


accordingly.  The  two  churches  referred  to  were  evidently 
St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Nicholas',  for  "Shiloh  Church  in 
the  fork  of  the  two  Edistos",  was  not  organized  until  late 
in  1830.  There  is  at  least  presumptive  evidence  that  St. 
Nicholas'  Church  was  associated  with  Bartholomew  (now  Mt. 
Pleasant)  earlier  than  1800,  but  since  there  is  no  available 
record  of  the  date  of  the  organization  and  the  building,  the 
exact  date  must  remain  uncertain.* 

The  synod  met  in  this  church  in  1835.  In  the  early  his- 
tory of  this  church  the  records  show  the  following  pastors: 
Reverends  William  D.  Strobel,  J.  D.  Scheck,  R.  Cloy,  W.  G. 


*(See  Minutes  of   1830,   p.   26.) 


150         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Harter,  C.  F.  Bansemer,  G.  R.  Haigler,  George  Haltiwanger, 
Jr.,  Paul  Kestler  and  B.  F.  Berry,  1860-70;  C.  P.  Boozer, 
1870-74;  B.  Kreps,  1875-77;  J.  F.  Probst,  1878-81;  I.  P. 
Hawkins,  1881-84;  E.  A.  Wingard,  1884-87;  J.  H.  Wilson, 
1887-1903;  P.  E.  Monroe,  1903-08;  D.  B.  Groseclose,  1908- 
12;  E.  F.  K.  Roof,  1913-16;  P.  D.  Risinger,  1917-21;  A.  W. 
Ballentine,  1922-24.  Rev.  George  Harter  was  a  son  of  this 
congregation. 

The  present  house  of  worship  is  the  third  in  the  history 
of  this  congregation,  having  been  built  in  1910.  The  Fair- 
fax congregation  is  a  daughter  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church. 

This  congregation  now  has  ninety-five  confirmed  members, 
and  ninety-nine  in  the  Sunday  School.  The  property  value 
is  $4,000. 

St.   Paul's    Churcli,    Gilbert 

No  definite  information  as  to  the  exact  date  of  the  organ- 
ization of  this  congregation  is  obtainable,  but  some  of  the 
older  people  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  about  1800.  In 
July,  1803,  Jacob  Roll  and  George  Roll  conveyed  to  the 
officers  of  the  German  Protestant  Church  named  St.  Paul,  in 
Orangeburg  District,  on  the  waters  of  the  Little  Hollow 
Creek,  a  tract  of  land  (7^  acres)  to  be  used  for  a  church 
and  schoolhouse  for  the  use  of  the  German  congregation  of 
"Lutherans  and  Calvinists"  (or  as  some  styled  them,  "Pres- 
betirains").  A  log  house  was  built  on  this  land — presum- 
ably about  the  date  of  deed — which  served  the  congregation 
until  1851.  Then  the  second  house,  which  is  still  standing, 
was  built,  and  used  until  1889.  The  congregation  in  this 
time  having  outgrown  the  old  building,  the  present  edifice 
was  erected  and  the  cornerstone  laid  with  services  conducted 
by  Rev.  E.  L.  Lybrand,  pastor,  assisted  by  Rev.  L.  E.  Busby 
and  Rev.  J.  A.  Cromer.  There  is  an  old  log  house  still 
standing  near  the  second  church  in  the  edge  of  a  field,  which 
is  said  to  be  the  first  house,  which  was  sold  to  Captain  Lewie 
and  which  he  utilized  for  a  tenant  house.  In  1909  the  con- 
gregation purchased  of  the  heirs  of  Mrs.  H.  A.  Griffith  one 
acre  to  be  used  as  a  cemetery  adjoining  the  seven  acres.  It 
has  not  been  possible  to  ascertain  the  names  of  the  pastors  of 


History  of  Congregations 


151 


this  congregation  previous  to  1837,  but  from  that  date  to 
1851  the  congregation  was  served  by  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher 
and  such  assistants  as  he  could  secure  from  time  to  time. 
From  that  time  to  the  present  the  pastors  have  been:  Rev- 
erends Daniel  Efird,  Adam  Efird,  A.  L.  Grouse,  J.  K.  Efird, 
E.  L.  Lybrand,  W.  H.  Roof,  E.  J.  Sox,  Bi.  D.  Wessinger, 
J.  L.  Gromer,  G.  A,  Stoudemayer,  L.  L.  Lohr,  and  T.  C. 
Parker,  the  present  pastor. 

Nazareth  Church,  Lexington  County 

This  church  was  organized  in  the  early  Nineteenth  cen- 
tury, some  say  in  1803,  others  1810.  One  thing,  however, 
is  certain,  and  that  is  that  Nazareth  was  represented  when 
the  organization  of  this  synod  was  completed  in  November, 
1824,  Mr.  Samuel  Wingard  being  the  delegate  from  Naza- 
reth Ghurch. 


NAZARETH    CHURCH 


In  1826  it  is  entered  in  the  minutes  of  the  synod  as  being 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Yost  Meetze  and  Rev.  God- 
frey Dreher,  but  no  mention  is  made  of  the  numerical  strength 
of  the  congregation.    In  1827  it  was  definitely  stated  that  Rev. 


152         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Godfrey  Dreher  was  then  pastor,  and  in  1828  he  was  still 
the  pastor,  but  in  the  records  of  1830  Rev.  William  D,  Stro- 
bel  is  the  pastor.  In  1831  Rev.  Mr.  Dreher's  name  again 
appears  as  the  pastor.  The  same  is  true  in  1832,  but  in  1833 
the  name  of  Rev.  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  appears,  as  also 
in  the  minutes  of  the  nine  years  next  following.  In  1843 
no  pastor  is  mentioned,  but  in  1844  the  name  of  Dr.  Hazelius 
appears  as  having  charge  of  Nazareth. 

The  first  church  was  a  log  house  (such  buildings  were  com- 
mon in  that  day),  located  near  a  spring  of  good  water.  The 
second  building  was  on  the  present  site,  on  which  the  third 
house  of  worship  also  stands. 

Apart  from  those  already  mentioned,  the  following  served 
this  congregation  in  the  years  after  the  long  pastorate  of  Rev. 
George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  Reverends  David  Shealy,  Emanuel 
Caughman,  Jesse  B.  Lowman,  Drewry  Kyzer,  J.  H.  Bailey, 
A.  D.  L.  Moser,  Barney  Kreps  and  J.  D.  Shealy;  then,  George 
S.  Bearden,  1901-04;  J.  W.  Nease,  1905-06;  B.  W.  Cronk, 
1907-09;  P.  D.  Risinger,  1912-16;  and  0.  B.  Shearouse, 
from  1917  to  the  present  time. 

The  membership  is  now  120,  with  a  total  Sunday  School 
enrollment  of  97.     The  property  value  is  $3,200. 

St.  Peter's  Church    (Meetze's),   near  Lexington 

No  authentic  information  is  available  as  to  the  date  of 
the  organization  of  this  church.  Tradition  is  to  the  effect 
that  an  old  log  house  near  Eighteen  Mile  Creek,  on  lands  re- 
cently owned  by  G.  E.  Roberts,  was  the  first  house  of  worship. 

This  congregation  participated  in  the  organization  of  the 
Corpus  Evangelicum  at  Zion  Church,  November  13,  1787. 
It  was  incorporated  February  19,  1788.*  The  congregation 
was  also  a  part  of  the  Saluda  Pastorate,  which  it  composed 
together  with  Zion  and  Bethel  on  High  Hill  Creek,  in  exist- 
ence in  1788. 

This  old  structure  was  abandoned  about  1857,  when  a  new 
house  of  worship  was  erected  about  half  a  mile  from  the  site 
of  the   old  building.     This   building  was   completed   about 


♦(South  Carolina  Statutes  at  Large,  Vol.   IH,  pp.   144,145.) 


History  of  Congregations 


153 


1859,  and  is  the  one  now  used  by  the  congregation.     It  has 
been  recently  repaired. 


ST.    PETER'S    CHURCH     (MEETZES) 


There  is  some  doubt  about  the  early  pastors  of  this  church, 
but  the  following  ministers  held  service  there:  Reverends 
Hockheimer,  Winkhouse,  Wallburg,  Bamberg,  Bernhardt,  and 
Wingard.  Beginning  with  1800  it  was  served  by  Revs. 
Michael  Ranch,  J.  Y.  Meetze,  Jacob  Kleckley  and  Godfrey 
Dreher. 

St.  Michaers  Church,  Irmo 

This  is  one  of  the  historic  churches  in  the  synod,  and  will 
ever  remain  memorable  in  the  life  and  history  of  our  South- 
em  Church.  It  was  organized  in  1814,  and  was  under  the 
care  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  whose  name  is  indelibly  writ- 
ten in  the  history  of  this  synod. 

Mr.  Jacob  F.  Schirmer,  writing  of  this  church,  said:  "We 
find  that  the  first  service  was  held  here  in  1814,  and  it  was 
then  attached  to  the  North  Carolina  Synod.  Rev.  Godfrey 
Dreher  was  then  their  pastor.     A  record  book  was  found  in 


154 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


1813  entitled,  'A  Book  of  the  School  House  Church.'  In 
this  school  house  services  were  held  for  some  time;  the 
members  were  mostly  from  Bethel  Church,  and  are  said  to 
have  left  it  in  consequence  of  not  having  English  preaching." 
Reverends  Godfrey  Dreher  and  J.  Y,  Meetze  served  them 
for  some  time.  Soon  after,  a  piece  of  land  was  given  by 
Mr.  John  Dreher,  and  a  church  was  built  on  the  same  site 
where  the  present  church  now  stands.  In  1831  Rev.  J.  G. 
Schwartz  was  the  pastor,  and  we  find  a  pastoral  letter  written 
by  him  in  August,  1831,  which  was  about  the  last  letter  he 
wrote  previous  to  his  death. 


ST.    MICHAEL'S    CHURCH    (BLUE    CHURCH) 


At  this  distance  in  point  of  time,  it  is  not  possible  to  ob- 
tain an  accurate  list  of  pastors,  but  the  following  are  known 
to  have  ministered  in  St.  Michael's:  Reverends  Godfrey 
Dreher,  1814;  J.  C.  Hope,  1834;  George  Haltiwanger,  Jr., 
and  J.  D.  Stingley,  1850;  J.  B.  Lowman,  1853;  J.  H.  Bailey, 
1854;  D.  M.  Blackwelder,  1861;  J.  N.  Derrick,  1867;  W.  A. 
Houck,  1872;  J.  E.  Berly,  1877;  W.  A.  Deaton,  1891;  H. 
J.  Mathias,  1898;  S.  L.  Nease,  1902;  V.  C.  Ridenhour,  1905; 


History  of  Congregations  155 

W.  P.  Cline,  1907;  M.  D.  Huddle,  1914;  R.  R.  Sowers,  1919; 
and  J.  W.  Mangum,  the  present  pastor,  from  1922  to  this 
time. 

The  initial  organization  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  took 
place  in  this  church  January  14,  1824,  and  the  organizers 
were  John  P.  Franklow,  John  Y,  Meetze,  Godfrey  Drsher, 
Michael  Rauch,  Jacob  Moser  and  Samuel  Herscher.  The 
lay  delegates  were  John  Dreher,  Sr.,  St.  Michael's  Church; 
George  Lindler,  St.  John's  Church;  Christopher  Wiggers, 
Bethel  Church;  Samuel  Oswald,  Salem  Church;  and  Henry 
Bookhardt,  Santee  Church.  These  ministers  and  laymen 
elected  as  the  officers  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  President,  and 
Rev.  Samuel  Herscher,  Secretary. 

The  old  building  was  torn  down  and  another  erected  about 
1880,  and  this  too  gave  place  to  a  highly  creditable,  modern 
structure  in  1919. 

It  is  said  that  there  was  a  pipe  organ  in  the  church  in  its 
early  history,  but  as  to  its  size  and  structure  there  is  no  in- 
formation. 

Besides  the  church  building,  the  congregation  owns  a  com- 
fortable parsonage,  having  a  combined  property  value  of 
$11,000.  The  membership  is  111.  The  Sunday  School  has 
an  enrollment  of  about  153. 

Bethlehem  Church,  near  Pomaria 

From  information  furnished  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope  some 
years  before  he  died,  this  congregation  was  organized  and 
the  church  built  in  1816,  and  was  dedicated  with  services  con- 
ducted by  Reverends  Godfrey  Dreher  and  R.  J.  Miller.  From 
written  data  it  is  certain  that  Mr.  Herman  Aull,  assisted  by 
the  congregation,  laid  the  foundation,  and  one  John  Carr 
finished  the  building.  Mr.  Aull  himself  entered  the  min- 
istry in  the  fall  of  1831  and  became  an  efficient  minister  of 
the  Word. 

The  fact  was  gathered  from  the  diary  of  Rev.  Godfrey 
Dreher  that  he  had  charge  of  this  congregation  from  1816 
to  1824,  and  therefore  must  have  been  the  organizer  of  the 
congregation.      Reverends     Godfrey    Dreher    and     Michael 


156         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Rauch  served  tlie  congregation  jointly  for  several  years,  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Ranch  seems  to  have  continued  his  labors  up  to 
1830.  Then  followed  Reverends  J.  G.  Schwartz,  J.  C.  Hope, 
William  Berly  and  G.  Haltiwanger,  Jr.  The  lamented 
Schwartz  passed  away  August  26,  1831,  and  the  funeral 
discourse  was  preached  by  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  using  Rev. 
14:13  as  the  text  of  his  sermon.  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  then 
preached  occasionally  in  Bethlehem  Church.  He  held  com- 
munion services  there  in  1831  and  1832.  In  1832  Rev.  J.  C. 
Hope  became  pastor  and  continued  his  labors  in  that  capac- 
ity until  1837. 


BETHLEHEM  CHURCH,  POMARIA 


Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony  then  became  pastor.  He  was  followed 
by  Rev.  T.  S.  Boinest,  who  labored  there  until  his  death  in 
1871 — a  continuous  ministry  of  more  than  twenty  years. 

The  following  ministers  succeeded  each  other:  Reverends 
George  W.  Holland,  D.D.;  S.  S.  Rahn,  D.D.;  H.  S.  Wingard, 
D.D.;  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.;  J.  H.  Wyse;  J.  D.  Bowles;  J.  J. 
Long,  D.D.;  J.  D.  Shealy;  I.  E.  Long;  J.  A.  Linn;  R.  H.  An- 
derson; S.  C.  Ballentine;  Enoch  Hite;  H.  A.  Kistler,  and  J. 
B.  Haigler,  the  present  incumbent. 

This  has  been  one  of  the  prominent  churches  of  the  synod 
in  all  of  its  history  and  has  a  goodly  record  for  benevolence 
and  loyalty  to  all  the  enterprises  and  institutions  of  the 
Church. 


History  of  Congregations 


157 


St.  Mark's  Church,  Leesville 

The  exact  date  of  the  organization  of  this  church  can  not 
be  definitely  settled.  Some  say  1820,  but  a  careful  exami- 
nation of  the  early  minutes  of  the  synod  reveals  the  fact  that 
it  was  not  mentioned  in  the  proceedings  of  this  body  until 
November,  1827,  and  then  in  connection  with  the  missionary 
operations  of  Rev.  J.  D.  Sheck,  under  the  direction  of  a  spe- 
cial committee,  of  which  Rev.   Godfrey  Dreher  was  chair- 


ST.    MARK'S    CHURCH 


man.  The  record  says:  "On  Monday  he  preached  at  Wise 
Schoolhouse,  and  found  the  people  very  destitute — and  they 
are  both  able  and  willing  to  build  a  place  of  worship  and 
support  a  minister."  This  is  believed  to  have  been  the  origin 
of  St.  Mark's  Church,  and  the  date  of  organization  should 
be  1827,  for  at  the  very  next  convention  a  petition  was  sent 
up  from  St.  Mark's  Church,  Edgefield  District,  requesting 
the  services  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope.  However,  inasmuch  as  Mr. 
Hope  was  going  to  Gettysburg  for  further  study,  the  churches 
named  in  the  petition  were  placed  under  the  care  of  Rever- 
ends Godfrey  Dreher,  M.  Ranch  and  J.  D.  Sheck.     This  also 


158         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

explains  the  fact  that  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  was  the  first  pas- 
tor. At  the  convention  of  synod  in  1829,  St.  Mark's  is  in 
Rev.  Mr.  Dreher's  charge,  and  ever  after  that  it  has  been 
one  of  the  recognized  churches  of  this  synod. 

From  that  date  it  was  served  by  Reverends  J.  G.  Schwartz, 
1830;  Godfrey  Dreher,  1831-33;  Herman  Aull,  1834-39; 
S.  R.  Shepherd,  1840-53;  Samuel  Bouknight,  1854-69;  Paul 
Derrick,  1870-76;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1876-84;  J.  D.  Bowles, 
1884-91;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1891-92;  0.  B.  Shearouse,  1892- 
1903;  D.  B.  Groseclose,  1904;  J.  L.  Buck,  1904-06;  J. 
B.  Harman,  1906-11;  W.  A.  Dutton,  1912-18;  C.  K.  Rhodes, 
1919-22;  J.  J.  Long,  1923,  the  present  pastor. 

The  present  church  building  was  dedicated  in  1857.  The 
pastor.  Rev.  Samuel  Bouknight,  was  assisted  in  the  dedica- 
tory services  by  Rev.  William  Berly. 

From  this  congregation  the  following  have  entered  the  Lu- 
theran ministry:  Emanuel  Caughman,  J.  H.  W.  Wertz,  J.  L. 
Derrick,  J.  Q.  Wertz,  T.  W.  Shealy,  Y.  von  A.  Riser,  C.  M. 
Riser  and  H,  J.  Black. 

The  following  ministers  rest  in  the  church  cemetery:  Paul 
Derrick,  A.  W.  Lindler,  Emanuel  Caughman  and  C.  P. 
Boozer. 

The  membership  is  now  255,  with  125  in  the  Sunday 
School,  and  the  property  value  is  $4,000. 

St.  Matthew's   Church,  Newberry  County 

This  church,  located  near  Ashford's  Ferry,  Broad  River, 
was  organized  in  1827.  From  the  records  of  the  synod,  it 
was  the  result  of  the  missionary  labors  of  Rev.  J.  D.  Sheck, 
who  did  extensive  home  missionary  work  under  the  direction 
of  this  synod. 

The  pastors  serving  this  congregation  in  its  early  history 
seem  to  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  J.  D.  Sheck,  Jacob 
Moser,  J.  C.  Hope,  S.  R.  Shepherd,  William  Berly,  T.  S. 
Boinest,  R.  J.  Hungerpeler,  Jacob  Hawkins,  and  J.  A.  Sligh. 
Then  followed  Reverends  J.  D.  Shirey,  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh, 
William  A.  Julian,  J.  H.  Wyse,  J.  D.  Bowles,  J.  J.  Long, 
J.  D.  Shealy,  L  E.  Long,  J.  A.  Linn,  R.  H.  Anderson,  S.  C. 


History  of  Congregations  159 

Ballentine,  Enoch  Hite,  H.  A.  Kistler,  and  J.  B.  Haigler,  the 
present  pastor. 

February  18,  1884,  the  church  was  destroyed  by  a  cyclone, 
but  was  rebuilt  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh 
and  dedicated  May  17,  1885,  Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey  preaching 
the  dedicatory  sermon.  The  new  building,  rising  again  from 
the  ruins  of  the  old  through  the  persistent  and  untiring  en- 
ergy of  the  people  and  the  zeal  of  its  pastor,  is  highly  cred- 
itable to  the  community  and  illustrates  the  power  of  faith 
and  devotion  to  a  noble  purpose. 

The  membership  numbers  125  with  44  in  the  Sunday 
School.     The  church  has  a  property  valuation  of  $1,200. 

Rev.  Thomas  F.  Suber  is  a  son  of  this  congregation. 

St.  Luke's  Church,  near  Prosperity 

This  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Schwartz 
in  1828.  It  first  worshiped  in  a  log  building,  but  in  1845 
a  better  structure  was  erected.  This  was  remodeled  in  1886, 
and  new  pews  were  placed  in  the  church.  In  1916  a  Sunday 
School  room  was  built  and  suitable  church  furniture  was 
placed  in  the  main  auditorium  in  1924. 

The  following  were  sons  of  this  church:  Reverends  Stan- 
more  R.  Shepherd,  Levi  Bedenbaugh,  Wilson  Bedenbaugh, 
J.  S.  Elmore,  Jacob  Hawkins,  I.  P.  Hawkins,  Z.  W.  Beden- 
baugh, C.  P.  Boozer,  W.  E.  Pugh,  P.  E.  Shealy  and  J.  A. 
Shealy. 

The  regular  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  J. 
G.  Schwartz,  William  Berly,  J.  Moser,  J.  C.  Hope,  J.  P. 
Margart,  T.  S.  Boinest  (assisted  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Smithdeal), 
J.  Hawkins,  D.D.,  H.  S.  Wingard,  D.D.,  J.  D.  Bowles,  J. 
Hawkins,  D.D.,  M.  J.  Epting,  J.  Hawkins,  D.D.,  (until  his 
death  in  July  of  the  same  year),  George  S.  Bearden,  H,  J. 
Mathias,  S.  P.  Koon,  B.  W.  Cronk,  W.  H.  Roof,  and  E.  H. 
Seckinger,  the  present  pastor. 

The  congregation  has  a  confirmed  membership  of  317, 
with  280  in  the  Sunday  School,  and  a  property  value  of 
$7,500. 


160         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

St.  Stephen's  Church,  Lexington 

From  the  best  available  information,  this  church  was  organ- 
ized about  1830.  The  first  building  was  dedicated  in  Octo- 
ber, 1831,  and  the  hallowed  memories  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  and  Classical  Academy,  founded  at  Lexington  in 
1832,  cluster  around  this  church.  From  this  center  streams 
of  holy  influence  went  out  for  many  years  and  these  still 
live,  but  the  wanton  torch  of  some  of  Sherman's  vandal 
hordes  destroyed  the  church  in  1865,  and  with  it  went  rec- 
ords which  can  never  be  replaced. 

At  the  convention  of  synod  in  November,  1830,  President 
Bachman  reported  that  "a  church,  40x50,  is  building  at 
Lexington  Court  House,  and  is  in  a  considerable  state  of 
forwardness.  .  .  .  This,  when  completed,  will  be  the  only 
church  in  that  flourishing  village.  The  location  is  favorable 
to  the  formation  of  a  large  congregation,  and  we  feel  assured 
that  a  minister  of  our  Church  would  exert  a  highly  beneficial 
influence  upon  the  village  and  the  neighborhood."* 

This  settles  two  facts,  to  wit:  The  Lutherans  built  the  first 
church  at  Lexington,  and  that  church  was  built  in  1830. 
Missionary  William  D.  Strobel  reported  at  the  same  meet- 
ing of  synod:  "A  large  church  is  in  a  state  of  forwardness 
at  Lexington  Court  House,  and  that  at  Nazareth  will  soon 
be  completed.  From  the  vicinity  of  so  many  members  of 
our  Church,  we  expect  that  Lexington  Court  House  will  be- 
come one  of  our  most  important  stations." 

This  expectation  was  fully  realized  in  the  years  follow- 
ing, and  from  that  date  onward  the  name  and  the  influence 
of  St.  Stephen's  Church  has  lived  in  the  life  and  work  of 
the  synod.  The  convention  of  November  16,  1833,  was  held 
in  this  new  church,  and  a  long  cherished  hope  was  being 
realized. 

Some  of  the  names  of  the  faithful  pastors  who  served  this 
congregation  are:  Reverends  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  Michael 
Ranch,  George  Haltiwanger,  Jr.,  David  Bernhardt,  C.  B. 
Thummel,  J.  C.  Hope,  J.  F.  W.  Leppard,  Lewis  Eichel- 
berger,   D.D.,    William   Berly,     Samuel   Bouknight,    J.   H. 


♦(Minutes  of  1830,  p.   17.) 


History  of  Congregations  161 

Bailey,  M.  O.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.,  S.  S.  Rahn,  D.D.,  J.  G. 
Graichen,  J.  Q.  Wertz,  W.  H.  Hiller,  T.  S.  Brown,  L.  A. 
Thomas,  W.  H.  Riser,  and  A.  B,  Obenschain,  the  present 
pastor.  While  this  list  is  correct,  the  order  of  succession 
may  not  be  accurate. 

This  congregation  has  had  three  church  buildings.  Those 
erected  in  1830  and  1870  were  burned,  and  in  1896  a  stone 
church  was  erected.  A  pipe  organ  was  installed  in  1922. 
The  present  church  is  therefore  better  equipped  than  either 
of  its  predecessors,  and  is  highly  creditable  to  our  people  in 
Lexington. 

The  membership  is  287;  there  are  177  in  the  Sunday 
School.     The  property  value  is  $26,000, 

Mt.  Calvary  CKurck,  near  Johnston 

This  church  was  one  of  the  fruits  of  the  missionary  labors 
of  Rev.  J.  D.  Sheck  as  far  back  as  1827.  In  1828  a  small 
log  church  was  built  and  services  were  held  there  in  the  early 
part  of  1829.  In  February,  1830,  a  formal  organization 
was  effected  and  the  church  was  dedicated  by  Reverends 
W.  D.  Strobel  and  J.  G.  Schwartz.  The  congregation  was 
supplied  by  them  for  a  time  and  then  by  Reverends  lacob 
Moser  and  Herman  Aull  until  1835,  when  Rev.  Levi  Beden- 
baugh  took  charge.  It  was  soon  found  necessary  to  build  a 
new  church.  Accordingly  a  building  was  erected  on  another 
site  and  was  dedicated  in  July,  1837,  the  service  of  dedi- 
cation being  conducted  by  Reverends  Jacob  Moser  and 
George  Haltiwanger. 

The  following  are  the  other  pastors  who  have  served  the 
congregation:  Reverends  Emanuel  Caughman,  Samuel  Bouk- 
night,  Barney  Kreps,  L.  E.  Busby,  H.  P.  Counts,  James  D. 
Kinard,  L.  P.  Boland,  P.  D.  Risinger,  D.  A.  Sox,  P.  E. 
Monroe,  M.  L.  Kester  and  James  D.  Kinard  (second  term), 
pastor  now  in  charge. 

The  membership  numbers  284,  and  the  Sunday  School 
200.     Church  property  value  is  $3,000. 

One  son  entered  the  ministry  from  this  church  in  the  per- 
son of  Rev.  John  L.  Yonce. 


162         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Trinity  Church,  Saluda  County 

This  church  was  organized  in  May,  1837,  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  George  Hakiwanger,  Sr.  A  church  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $417,  and  was  dedicated  August,  1838,  the  ser- 
vice being  conducted  by  Rev.  John  C.  Hope,  assisted  by 
Reverends  Jacob  Moser  and  George  Hahiwanger,  Sr.  In 
1882,  under  the  pastoral  services  of  Rev.  C.  P.  Boozer,  a 
more  commodious  building  was  erected.  The  dedicatory 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Peter  Miller.  The  member- 
ship was  greatly  increased,  but,  like  many  other  rural  con- 
gregations, the  number  has  been  reduced  by  death  and  trans- 
fers. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  to  this  congrega- 
tion: Reverends  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  1839-40;  Robert 
Cloy,  1841-43;  S.  R.  Shepherd,  1844-45;  Robert  Cloy,  1846- 
47;  Paul  Kistler,  1848-49;  S.  R.  Shepherd,  1850;  Michael 
Rauch,  1851-53;  A.  W.  Lindler,  1854-57;  J.  H.  W.  Wertz, 
1858-60;  M.  Whittle,  1861;  Samuel  Bouknight,  1862-63; 
D.  M.  Blackwelder,  1864-65;  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  1866;  J.  H.  W. 
Wertz,  1867-70;  Paul  Derrick,  1871-73;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1876- 
83;  J.  D.  Biowles,  1884-88;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1889-92;  0.  B. 
Shearouse,  1893-1900;  J.  M.  Tise,  1901;  D.  B.  Groseclose, 
1902;  J.  L.  Buck,  1903-04;  C.  J.  Sox,  1905;  N.  D.  Bodie, 
1907-12;  S.  P.  Koon,  1913;  W.  H.  Button,  1915;  George 
S.  Bearden,  1917-22;  John  J.  Long,  D.D.,  1922  to  this  time. 

This  congregation  now  has  130  members,  80  in  the  Sun- 
day School,  and  a  property  value  of  $1,800. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Aull  is  a  son  of  this  congregation. 

Ebenezer  Church,  Columbia 

Steps  were  first  taken  about  1828  looking  toward  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Lutheran  church  in  Columbia,  The  details 
of  dates  and  events  in  these  beginnings  are  not  at  hand,  but 
we  know  that  by  1830  a  congregation  had  been  organized 
and  a  church  building  erected.  Rev.  Jacob  Wingard,  of  Lex- 
ington County,  was  the  first  pastor,  but  his  pastorate  here 
was  brief  as  he  was  taken  by  death  in  the  early  part  of  1831. 
This  first  house  of  worship  of  Ebenezer  congregation  was  a 


History  of  Congregations  163 

neat  brick  structure  with  a  shingle  roof.  It  was  provided 
for  mainly  by  Mr.  Henry  Muller,  Sr.,  of  Piatt  Springs,  Lex- 
ington (then  District)  County,  who  was  one  of  the  patriarchs 
of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  South  Carolina.  This  history  of 
the  congregation  affords  a  striking  illustration  not  only  of 
foresight  in  church  extension  but  also  of  the  importance  of 
small  beginnings.  From  a  mere  handful  of  loyal  Lutherans, 
Ebenezer  has  developed  into  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
active  Lutheran  churches  in  the  South.  During  the  first  fifty 
years  there  was  a  long  period  of  struggle,  but  then  a  season 
of  steady  growth  set  in  which  has  continued  almost  uninter- 
ruptedly until  the  present  time. 

The  church  erected  in  1830  was  destroyed  during  the  night 
of  February  17,  1865,  when  Sherman's  army  raided  the  city 
of  Columbia.  This  was  a  great  blow  to  the  small  band  of 
members,  many  of  whom  were  then  serving  in  the  army  of 
the  South,  several  being  killed  in  battle.  But  the  congrega- 
tion, numbering  not  more  than  fifty  members,  set  to  work 
to  rebuild  the  church.  December  9,  1870,  the  new  church 
was  dedicated  with  appropriate  services.  The  building  had 
cost  $5,300,  and  at  its  completion  all  was  paid  except 
$400.  This  is  a  fine  testimonial  of  the  love  of  these  impov- 
erished people  for  their  church. 

From  this  time  forward  the  congregation  made  steady 
progress.  By  the  year  1900  it  was  found  necessary  to  im- 
prove and  refurnish  the  old  church.  This  was  done  at  the 
cost  of  about  $5,000.  The  church  was  rededicated  on  Octo- 
ber 28,  1900.  This  was  accomplished  during  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  M.  M.  Kinard,  D.D. 

In  1912,  during  the  ministry  of  Rev.  C.  A.  Freed,  D.D., 
the  present  Sunday  School  building  was  erected  at  a  cost 
of  about  $12,000,  which  was  then  one  of  the  best  equipped 
and  most  commodious  buildings  of  its  kind,  perhaps,  in  the 
entire  state.     It  was  formally  dedicated  June  15,  1913. 

However,  at  the  present  time  the  congregation  has  again 
outgrown  its  physical  equipment  and  new  developments  are 
being  planned  to  care  for  the  continued  and  rapid  growth 
of  the  congregation.     It  is  very  probable  that  within  the  next 


164         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

few  years  a  larger  and  more  adequate  plant  will  be  provided 
for  the  increased  activities  of  the  church. 

This  congregation  has  for  years  been  prominent  in  the 
work  of  our  Church  in  the  South,  and  has  the  honor  of  hav- 
ing given  to  the  ministry  Rev.  John  C.  Seegers,  D.D.,  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  American  Lutheran  Church. 

An  indication  of  the  growth  of  the  congregation  is  found 
in  the  following  facts.  At  the  beginning  of  Dr.  Kinard's 
pastorate  the  confirmed  membership  was  170;  at  its  close 
in  1903  it  was  225.  At  the  close  of  Dr.  Freed's  pastorate 
in  1921  it  was  525.  At  the  present  time  the  confirmed  mem- 
bership is  over  700;  together  with  the  unconfirmed  children 
it  numbers  about  1,000  souls.  The  benevolences  have  in- 
creased in  still  larger  proportions,  as  in  1886  the  total  benev- 
olence of  the  congregation  was  $102,  while  the  latest  synod- 
cial  report  shows  a  benevolent  expenditure  of  nearly  $9,000. 
Rev.  P.  D.  Brown  has  been  pastor  of  the  congregation  since 
1921. 

The  following  pastors  served  this  congregation  from  its 
organization  in  1830,  to  1843,  the  exact  length  of  their  ser- 
vices being  uncertain:  Reverends  Jacob  Wingard,  William 
D.  Strobel,  John  C.  Hope,  E.  L.  Hazelius,  D.D.,  Levi  Beden- 
baugh,  Philip  A.  Strobel,  and  William  Berly,  The  follow- 
ing pastors  have  served  since  1843:  Reverends  E.  B.  Hort, 
1843-62;  A.  R.  Rude,  D.D.,  1863-74;  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh, 
1874-76;  A.  R.  Rude,  D.D.,  1876-82;  John  B.  Haskell,  1882- 
84;  A.  J.  Bowers,  D.D.,  1884-86;  M.  M.  Kinard,  D.D., 
1886-1903;  C.  A.  Freed,  D.D.,  1903-21.  Rev.  P.  D.  Brown 
is  the  present  pastor. 

The  long  pastorates  of  four  of  Ebenezer's  pastors  are 
worthy  of  mention,  namely.  Rev.  E.  B.  Hort,  nineteen  years; 
Rev.  Dr.  Rude,  sixteen  years;  Rev.  Dr.  Kinard,  sixteen  years; 
Rev.  Dr.  Freed,  eighteen  years.  These  four  faithful  servants 
gave  to  Ebenezer  congregation  a  total  of  sixty-nine  years  of 
service. 

St.  John's  Church,  Lexington  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1832,  but  the  first 
official  mention  of  it  is  found  in  the  minutes  of  1833,  when 


History  of  Congregations  165 

a  petition  was  sent  from  St.  John's  Church,  Calk's  Road,  re- 
questing the  pastoral  services  of  Reverends  Michael  Rauch 
and  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.     The  request  was  granted. 

At  the  convention  of  1835,  St.  John's  Church,  Calk's  Road, 
petitioned  the  synod  to  hold  the  convention  of  1836  in  that 
church.     This  request  was  likewise  granted. 

The  early  proceedings  of  the  synod  are  so  brief  and  dis- 
connected that  it  is  impossible  at  this  late  date  to  get  any 
accurate  information  as  to  pastors  and  other  details. 

The  old  church  was  remodeled  in  1913,  and  on  July  19 
of  that  year  was  dedicated,  Rev.  P.  D.  Risinger  then  being 
the  pastor. 

The  names  of  pastors  are  as  follows:  Reverends  Michael 
Rauch,  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  J.  B.  Lowman,  J.  H.  Bailey, 
A.  W.  Lindler,  Emanuel  Caughman,  J.  N.  Derrick,  George 
A.  Hough,  C.  P.  Boozer,  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  J.  G.  Graichen,  J. 
W.  Nease,  B.  W.  Cronk,  P.  D.  Risinger,  and  0.  B.  Shearouse, 
the  present  pastor  (since  1917). 

The  membership  is  105,  total  Sunday  School  enrollment 
seventy-seven.    The  property  value  is  $3,000. 

St.  Andrew  s  Cnurcn,  Lexington  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1835  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  Michael  Rauch,  and  the  church  was  dedicated 
in  that  year.  The  dedication  is  referred  to  in  the  minutes 
of  November,  1835,  at  which  time  Levi  Bedenbaugh,  student 
for  the  ministry,  had  been  elected  pastor,  "provided  he  be 
received  by  the  synod  and  authorized  to  administer  the  ordi- 
nances of  the  Church."  The  pastors  are  named  as  follows: 
Reverends  M.  Rauch,  Levi  Bedenbaugh,  J.  F.  W.  Leppard, 
W.  Berly,  J.  B.  Anthony,  Levi  Bedenbaugh  again,  then  Wil- 
liam Berly  again,  W.  A.  Houck,  J.  E.  Berly,  W.  A.  Deaton, 
H.  J.  Mathias,  S.  L.  Nease,  V.  C.  Ridenhour,  W.  P.  Cline, 
M.  D.  Huddle,  R.  R.  Sowers,  and  the  present  pastor,  J.  W. 
Mangum  (since  1922). 

In  1917  a  creditable  new  church  was  erected.  The  mem- 
bership is  161,  and  the  Sunday  School  has  an  enrollment 
of  161;  property  value  $4,500. 


166         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Charleston 

The  charter  name  of  this,  the  second  Lutheran  church  to 
be  organized  in  Charleston,  is  German  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  As  the  German  language  is  not 
used  in  any  of  the  services  now,  the  name  is  omitted  and  the 
congregation  is  called  St.  Matthew's. 

The  first  meeting  held  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  this 
German  Lutheran  congregation  was  on  November  26,  1840. 
A  week  later,  December  3,  an  organization  was  effected  with 
an  enrollment  of  44,  and  Mr.  J.  A.  Wagener  was  elected 
president  of  the  congregation. 

In  1841  Rev.  F,  Becker  was  engaged  by  the  congregation 
to  serve  them  for  one  year.  During  this  year  a  lot  on  Hasell 
Street  was  purchased  for  $3,000  and  a  contract  was  made 
for  the  construction  of  a  church  building  to  cost  $8,000. 
This  building  was  completed  in  June,  1842,  and  dedicated 
June  22  of  that  year.  On  the  same  date  Rev.  F.  Heemsoth 
was  installed  as  pastor.  He  served  the  congregation  until 
early  in  1848.  This  first  church  building  (years  later)  be- 
came the  property  of  St.  Johannes'  Lutheran  congregation. 

Rev.  Louis  Mueller,  D.D.,  became  pastor  April  1,  1848. 
He  rounded  out  a  full  fifty  years  as  pastor,  death  coming 
to  him  in  April,  1898.  Rev.  W.  A.  C.  Mueller,  D.D.,  came 
to  the  congregation  in  January,  1892,  as  assistant  to  his 
father,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  his  father's  death,  when 
he  became  full  pastor.  Dr.  W.  A.  C.  Mueller  reckons  that 
his  father,  while  pastor  of  St.  Matthew's,  baptized  4,402  per- 
sons, confirmed  1,440,  performed  1,503  marriage  ceremo- 
nies, conducted  funerals  of  4,163  persons,  and  made  75,000 
pastoral  visits. 

In  1856  the  congregation  established  their  own  cemetery 
and  called  it  Bethany  Cemetery.  This  cemetery  adjoins  the 
city  cemetery.  Magnolia,  and  is  the  Lutheran  burial  ground 
for  Charleston.  Bethany  Cemetery  has  an  endowment  of 
$40,000  for  perpetual  care. 

The  property  on  which  the  present  church  stands  was  pur- 
chased in  January,  1867,  and  the  cornerstone  of  the  build- 
ing was  laid  December  22,  1867.     The  church  was  dedicated 


History  of  Congregations  167 

Maunday  Thursday,  March  28,  1872.  Upon  this  occasion 
some  3,000  people  marched  in  procession  from  the  Hasell 
Street  church  to  the  new  building.  Mr.  J.  H.  Devereux  was 
the  architect,  and  in  turning  over  the  building  to  the  church 
authorities  he  presented  the  congregation  with  a  silver  key 
attached  to  a  gold  cross.  The  congregation  presented  to  him 
a  sterling  silver  tea  service.  The  building  measures  64  feet 
by  157  feet  deep,  capped  by  a  tower  and  spire  that  extend 
297  feet  above  the  sea.  The  ceiling  of  the  auditorium  is  72 
feet  above  the  floor. 

In  1901  a  clock  and  chimes  of  ten  bells  were  placed  in 
the  tower  at  a  cost  of  about  $7,000. 

A  Sunday  School  and  parish  building  was  constructed  in 
1909  at  a  cost  of  about  $20,000.  The  present  property  is 
conservatively  valued  at  $125,000. 

Rev.  W.  A.  C.  Mueller,  D.D.,  served  as  pastor  until  early 
in  1920,  when  he  was  made  pastor  emeritus,  retiring  alto- 
gether from  the  congregation  in  1922.  Rev.  S.  L.  Blomgren 
was  elected  junior  pastor  in  January,  1919.  He  later  became 
full  pastor,  resigning  in  October,  1922. 

In  1923,  from  Easter  until  October,  Rev.  T.  G.  Hartwig 
served  the  congregation  as  supply  pastor. 

In  November,  1923,  Rev.  H.  B.  Schaeff^er  became  pastor, 
being  duly  installed  December  10  of  the  same  year. 

St.  Matthew's  congregation  has  the  largest  membership 
in  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  numbering  more  than  800  con- 
firmed members. 

Good  Hope  Cnurcn,  Saluda 

This  congregation  was  organized  August  3,  1839,  and  was 
received  into  the  synod  in  November,  1840.  A  house  of  wor- 
ship was  erected  and  dedicated  April  19,  1840,  prior  to  the 
congregation's  reception  into  the  synod.  The  first  pastor  was 
Rev.  Robert  Cloy.  He  was  followed  at  intervals  by  Rever- 
ends Samuel  Bouknight,  A.  W.  Lindler,  E.  Caughman  and 
David  Shealy. 

The  record  is  not  clear,  but  it  is  known  that  the  following 
ministers  served  this  congregation  during  a  series  of  years: 


168         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Reverends  S.  R.  Shepherd,  J.  H.  Bailey,  J.  H.  W.  Wertz, 
S.  T.  Hallman  (1869),  L.  E.  Busby,  H.  P.  Counts,  James  D. 
Kinard,  P.  D.  Risinger,  D.  A.  Sox,  P.  E.  Monroe,  M.  L. 
Kester,  and  James  D,  Kinard  (second  term),  the  present 
pastor. 

Two  of  Good  Hope's  sons  entered  the  ministry,  N.  D. 
Bodie  and  George  A.  Stoudemayer. 

The  first  building,  dedicated  by  Rev.  John  P.  Margart, 
was  later  replaced  by  a  much  better  structure,  although  on 
another  site.  This  building  is  now  being  remodeled.  It  will 
conform  to  modern  ideals  and  will  be  more  convenient  and 
churchly. 

St,  James'  Cnurcn,  Jalapa 

This  church,  now  located  in  the  town  of  Jalapa,  seven 
miles  west  of  Newberry,  was  organized  in  1840,  and  dedi- 
cated in  1841,  under  the  name  of  Liberty  Hill. 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  Herman 
Aull,  John  C.  Hope,  G.  H.  Brown,  William  Berly,  E.  A. 
B'olles,  W.  H.  Finck,  J.  B.  Anthony,  Stanmore  R.  Shepherd, 
R.  J.  Hungerpeler,  Jacob  Moser,  Jacob  Hawkins,  James  M. 
Schreckhise,  J.  D.  Shirey,  A.  G.  Voigt,  A.  J.  Bowers,  W.  K. 
Sligh,  J.  D.  Shealy,  J.  D.  Kinard,  P.  E.  Shealy,  and  L.  P. 
Boland. 

In  1869  a  new  building  was  erected  on  the  old  site.  In 
1890  the  same  building  was  removed  from  Liberty  Hill  to 
Jalapa  through  the  efforts  of  Rev.  W.  C.  Schaeffer,  D.D., 
and  dedicated  December  21  in  the  same  year,  the  name  being 
changed  as  indicated. 

In  1920,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  L.  P.  Boland, 
the  church  was  rebuilt.  It  has  been  learned  also  that  Rev. 
D.  I.  Dreher  and  Rev.  J.  H.  Bailey  once  served  this  congre- 
gation. Rev.  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh  was  pastor  in  1883  and 
1884.  From  that  date  it  was  served  by  the  pastors  of  Beth 
Eden  and  St.  Matthew's.  From  1843  to  1884— a  period  of 
forty-one  years — this  church  was  in  a  pastorate  with  Beth 
Eden,  and  therefore  ministered  to  by  the  pastors  of  Beth 
Eden  congregation. 


History  of  Congregations  169 

The  life  of  this  congregation  has  been  maintained  through 
all  the  years  of  its  existence  under  somewhat  trying  circum- 
stances, but  its  life  is  brightening  and  the  membership  is 
now  about  100  with  77  in  the  Sunday  School.  The  church 
has  a  valuation  of  $6,000. 

Bethlehem  Church,  Lexington  County 
(called  church  of  sand  hills  and  black  creek.) 

The  first  mention  of  this  church  is  in  the  minutes  of  the 
convention  of  synod  in  1829. 

The  president,  Rev.  John  Bachman,  in  his  report,  said: 
"We  have  received  information  of  four  new  churches  that 
either  have  been  built  or  are  in  a  great  state  of  forward- 
ness— a  large  and  commodious  church  in  Newberry  (County, 
of  course,),  one  at  Edisto,  one  at  the  Sand  Hills,  in  Lex- 
ington, and  one  in  Columbia."  Since  Bethlehem  was  known 
in  almost  all  of  its  history  as  "The  Church  in  the  Sand  Hills", 
this  reference  is  evidently  to  this  Bethlehem  Church,  Lexing- 
ton County.  Another  fact  is  that  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  in 
1831,  reported  as  his  charge  seven  churches,  among  which 
were  two  Bethlehems — one  in  Newberry  District  and  this 
Bethlehem.  Nazareth,  not  far  away  from  Bethlehem,  was 
one  of  the  others.  This  shows  that  his  pastorate  covered  that 
section  of  the  county. 

In  1831  the  president  of  synod  reported  the  dedication 
of  this  church  "in  the  Sand  Hills".* 

Unquestionably  the  date  of  organization  is  therefore  1829, 
and  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  was  the  first  pastor.  The  writer's 
father  and  mother  were  members  of  this  congregation  at  a 
later  date,  and  frequently  spoke  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher. 
As  further  proof  of  this  fact,  Rev.  Mr.  Dreher  mentions  Beth- 
lehem as  the  name  of  a  church  in  his  charge  in  1829;  and 
then  at  the  meeting  of  the  synod  in  1840,  it  was  reported 
by  the  Secretary  of  Missions,  Rev.  John  C.  Hope,  that  "Rev. 
S.  Bouknight  takes  charge  of  Bethlehem  Church,  Black  Creek, 
Lexington  County,"  thus  showing  conclusively  that  the  date 


*  (Minutes  of  1831,  p.  20.) 


170         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

of  organization,  1841,  as  given  in  our  present  list  of  churches 
in  the  minutes  of  synod,  is  not  historically  correct.  The  date 
of  organization  is  1829,  and  that  of  dedication  is  1831, 

It  is  difficult  at  this  time,  after  the  lapse  of  ninety-five 
years,  to  give  in  detail  the  list  of  pastors.  The  following, 
however,  have  served  this  old  congregation:  Reverends  God- 
frey Dreher,  1829;  S.  Bouknight,  1840-48;  J.  H.  Bailey, 
1849-50;  Emanuel  Caughman,  1851-52;  J.  H.  W.  Wertz, 
1852-56;  E.  Caughman,  again,  1857-59;  David  Shealy, 
1860-62;  J.  B.  Lowman,  1866;  David  Shealy,  again,  1867; 
J.  H.  Bailey,  1872;  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  1880-82;  Barney  Kreps, 
1883-87;  D.  Kyzer,  1889;  L.  E.  Busby,  1891;  J.  D.  Shealy, 
1892-93;  G.  S.  Bearden,  1894;  S.  P.  Shumpert,  1895-97; 
Jacob  Austin,  1898-1900;  A.  R.  Taylor,  1901-03;  Jacob 
Austin,  again,  1904-06;  A.  R.  Taylor,  again,  1907-09;  S.  C. 
Ballentine,  1911;  J.  D.  Shealy,  again,  1912;  F.  K.  Roof, 
1913;  S.  C.  Ballentine,  1914;  V.  Y.  Boozer,  1917-21;  W. 
D.  Wise,  since  1922. 

A  new  church  was  dedicated  October  6,  1912.  The  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Koon.  Rev.  J.  D.  Shealy, 
the  pastor,  conducted  the  services  and  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman, 
D.D.,  preached  at  the  afternoon  service. 

The  president  of  synod  in  reporting  this  service,  said: 
"The  church  is  beautifully  and  substantially  built  and  re- 
flects credit  on  pastor  and  people." 

Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  is  a  son  of  this  congregation. 
He  was  elected  an  elder  in  it  when  in  his  eighteenth  year  and 
was  chosen  a  lay  reader  at  the  same  time. 

The  congregation  has  never  been  numerically  strong,  but 
has  been  a  blessing  to  many  souls.  The  membership  is  now 
eighty,  with  an  enrollment  of  sixty-two  in  the  Sunday  School. 
The  property  value  is  $1,500. 

Corinth  Church,  Saluda  County 

The  first  reference  to  this  organization  is  found  in  the 
president's  report  at  the  convention  of  November  27  to  De- 
cember 1,  1841.  He  said:  "Another  church  is  about  being 
erected  in  Edgefield  District  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  S. 


History  of  Congregations  171 

R.  Shepherd."  At  the  meeting  of  the  synod  November  12- 
16,  1842,  it  was  reported  "On  the  fourth  Sabbath  in  May  a 
new  Lutheran  Church,  by  the  name  Corinth,  in  the  District 
of  Edgefield,  was  dedicated  to  the  service  of  the  Triune  God." 

Rev.  G.  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  preached  the  dedicatory  ser- 
mon, and  a  sermon  was  also  preached  by  Rev.  William  Berly 
on  "The  Doctrines,  Government  and  Usages  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  This  Country".  Reverends  Herman  Aull  and  S.  R. 
Shepherd  also  took  part  in  the  services.  The  initial  organiza- 
tion is  officially  reported  at  the  meeting  of  synod  in  Novem- 
ber, 1841,  and  the  church  was  dedicated  in  May,  1842. 

The  list  of  pastors  as  furnished  is  as  follows:  S.  R.  Shep- 
herd, 1842-52;  Michael  Ranch,  1852-54;  J.  H.  W.  Wertz, 
1854-65;  J.  H.  Bailey,  1865-66;  Emanuel  Caughman,  1866- 
68;  S.  T.  Hallman,  1868-69;  J.  A.  Sligh,  1869-70;  Paul  Der- 
rick, 1870-75;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1875-83;  J.  D.  Bowles,  1883- 
88;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1888-93;  0.  B.  Shearouse,  1893-1902; 
J.  H.  Wyse,  1902-03;  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh,  two  months  in 
1903;  D.  B.  Groseclose,  April  1,  1903  to  January  1,  1904; 
J.  L.  Buck,  January  15,  1904,  to  December,  1904;  J.  B. 
Harman,  January  1,  1906,  to  September  1,  1911;  W.  A. 
Dutton,  January  15,  1912,  to  April  10,  1912;  George  S. 
Bearden,  April  10,  1919,  to  December,  1919;  C.  K.  Rhodes, 
December  1,  1919,  to  September  24,  1922.  Supplied  until 
June  1,  1924,  by  Rev.  T.  F.  Suber,  of  Silver  Street. 

From  this  congregation  the  following  have  entered  the 
ministry:  Reverends  Jacob  Austin,  J.  H.  Wilson  and  J.  B. 
Harman. 

Under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Paul  Derrick  on  the  fourth 
Lord's  Day  of  October,  1871,  the  cornerstone  of  the  new 
church  was  laid,  and  on  the  fourth  Lord's  Day  of  March, 
1872,  the  church  was  dedicated,  Reverends  E.  A.  Bolles, 
Emanuel  Caughman  and  the  pastor,  Paul  Derrick,  conduct- 
ing the  services. 

Beth  Eden  Church,  Newberry  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1843  by  Rev.  G.  H. 
Brown,  who  in  1842  was  graduated  from  our  Theological 
Seminary,  then  located  at  Lexington,  and  was  received  into 


172         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

the  synod  at  the  convention  of  that  year.  He  was  located  at 
a  place  called  "Liberty  Hill  Station",  and  was  employed 
by  the  synod  as  a  missionary  in  that  section.  The  president 
of  the  synod  reported,  November,  1843,  that  a  society  had 
been  fully  organized  at  Liberty  Hill,  and  at  Beth  Eden,  with 
encouraging  prospects.  A  church  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $600, 
and  dedicated  September,  1843,  Reverends  G.  H.  Brown, 
John  C.  Hope  and  Herman  Aull  officiating.  Pastor  Brown 
served  Beth  Eden  Church  until  1845,  at  which  time  the 
synod  sent  him  as  a  missionary  to  our  Lutheran  people  in 
Mississippi. 

The  following  pastors  succeeded  each  other  in  the  order 
here  given:  Reverends  William  Berly,  E.  A.  Bolles,  Wil- 
liam Fink,  J.  B.  Anthony,  Stanmore  R.  Shepherd,  R.  J.  Hun- 
gerpeler,  Jacob  Moser,  Jacob  Hawkins,  James  M.  Schreckhise, 
J.  D.  Shirey,  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh,  William  A.  Julian,  W.  K. 
Sligh,  A.  J.  Bowers,  Charles  H.  Armstrong,  J.  J.  Long,  R.  E. 
Livingston,  J.  D.  Shealy,  J.  D.  Kinard,  P.  E.  Shealy,  and 
L.  P.  Boland,  pastor  now  in  charge. 

Reverends  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  J.  D.  Bowles  and  Jefferson 
T.  Bowles  entered  the  ministry  from  this  church,  and  the 
distinguished  George  B.  Cromer  is  also  a  son  of  Beth  Eden. 

Rev.  W.  K.  Sligh  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Bowers,  D.D.,  served  two 
periods  each  as  pastor.  Rev.  R.  J.  Hungerpeler  died  while 
pastor  here,  and  his  remains  rest  under  a  marble  monument 
erected  by  members  of  Beth  Eden  and  St.  Matthew's  con- 
gregations. 

It  is  only  just  to  say  that  Beth  Eden  congregation  has  not 
lived  its  eighty  years  in  vain.  It  has  contributed  in  men 
and  money  towards  the  building  of  other  churches,  has  been 
a  great  helper  in  the  cause  of  Christianity,  and  has  been  one 
of  the  prime  factors  in  the  building  and  maintenance  of  New- 
berry College.  Strong  men  have  occupied  its  pulpit  and  able 
laymen  have  there  received  their  spiritual  training.  The 
older  students  of  Newberry  College  knew  the  value  of  Beth 
Eden  Church,  and  could  never  forget  its  sympathetic  help- 
fulness to  those  who  lived  on  the  old  campus. 

The  membership  numbers  104,  and  the  Sunday  School  70. 
The  church  has  property  valuation  of  $3,000. 


History  of  Congregations  173 

Church  of  the   Resurrection,   Cameron 

In  1916  the  cornerstone  of  this  church  was  laid.  In  all 
respects  it  is  a  continuation  of  Mt.  Lehanon  Church  on  Four 
Holes  Swamp,  which  was  organized  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  John  P.  Margart  and  dedicated  March  25,  1843.  The 
completed  organization  was  not  effected,  however,  until  Jan- 
uary 13,  1844. 

It  was  during  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  W.  Oxner  that  the 
Church  of  the  Resurrection  was  built  in  the  town  of  Cam- 
eron, two  miles  west  of  Mt.  Lebanon,  the  members  of  which 
automatically  became  members  of  the  Church  of  the  Resur- 
rection. The  old  church  is  still  preserved,  with  its  ceme- 
tery, and  occasionally  services  are  held  there,  but  no  organ- 
ization exists  under  that  name. 

It  is  due  to  the  history  of  Mt.  Lebanon  to  state  that,  with 
St.  Matthew's,  it  was  a  pastorate  for  many  years  and  the  two 
congregations  were  served  by  the  same  pastors  and  lived 
together  in  peace  and  harmony. 

Mt.  Lebanon  contributed  the  following  sons  to  the  min- 
istry: Rev.  W.  A.  Houck,  J.  S.  Hungerpeler  (theological 
student),  who  died  before  completing  his  course  in  the  The- 
ological Seminary  at  Newberry,  and  Rev.  J.  B.  Haigler. 

The  Church  of  the  Resurrection  has  been  served  by  Rev- 
erends J.  W.  Oxner,  J.  L.  Yonce.  Rev.  Charles  J.  Shealy  is 
the  pastor  now  in  charge. 

This  congregation  possesses  a  beautiful  house  of  worship 
and  a  comfortable  parsonage,  and  is  doing  effective  work 
in  the  Master's  Kingdom. 

The  membership  numbers  147  and  the  Sunday  School 
162.     Church  property  is  valued  at  $16,500. 

St.   David's   Church,   Lexington   County 

When  Mr.  J.  F.  Schirmer  published  sketches  of  the  con- 
gregations in  the  synod,  1875,  he  was  informed  that  this 
church  was  organized  in  1840  with  a  membership  of  seven 
persons,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  F.  W.  Leppard;  and 
this  may  be  true;  but  the  first  reference  to  it  is  found  in  the 
minutes  of  1845,  page  14,  in  a  petition  from  "St.  David's 


174         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Church,  Lexington,  S.  C",  asking  to  be  received  into  the 
synod,  which  request  was  granted.  Since  it  is  hardly  sup- 
posable  that  said  congregation  would  have  waited  five  years 
as  an  organized  body  before  asking  to  be  received  into  the 
synod,  it  is  safe  to  accept  the  documentary  evidence  referred 
to,  and  fix  the  date  at  1845. 

We  find  no  further  reference  to  this  church  until  the  con- 
vention of  November,  1846,  and  then  Rev.  Geo.  Haltiwanger, 
Sr.,  was  pastor.  The  next  reference  is  in  1848,  and  the  con- 
gregation was  being  served  by  Rev.  J.  F.  W.  Leppard.  In 
1849  Rev.  J.  Bi.  Lowman  was  pastor,  and  continued  up  to 
1864;  but  he  again  became  pastor  in  1867,  and  served  until 
1870.  Then  Rev.  William  Berly  became  pastor  in  1871  and 
continued  until  1873,  the  year  of  his  death.  The  pastorate 
system,  adopted  in  1869,  and  the  changed  style  of  noting 
pastoral  relations,  renders  it  very  difficult  to  trace  further 
changes.  This  congregation  has  never  been  strong  numeri- 
cally and  has  suffered  many  periods  of  vacancies;  but  it 
still  lives,  and  its  future  seems  assured. 

The  membership  is  now  about  100,  with  175  on  the  roll  of 
the  Sunday  School.     The  property  value  is  $2,500. 

Colony  Churck,  Newberry  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1845  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  William  Berly,  and  was  dedicated  in  August, 
1846.  The  service  was  conducted  chiefly  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope, 
then  president  of  synod.* 

The  original  membership  was  composed  of  members  of 
St.  Paul's  and  St.  Luke's  Churches,  which  members  lived  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  new  Colony  Church.  Rev.  J.  C.  Hope  said 
in  his  report:  "They  are  indeed  a  church  colony" — and 
hence  the  name. 

The  pastors  in  the  order  of  service  were  as  follows:  Rev- 
erends William  Berly,  J.  C.  Hope,  T.  S.  Boinest,  J.  P.  Mar- 
gart,  J.  H.  Bailey,  J.  A.  Sligh,  Jacob  Hawkins,  H.  S.  Wingard, 
J.  D.  Bowles,  George  W.  Holland,  W.  K.  Sligh,  Charles  H. 
Armstrong,  J.  J.  Long,  R.  E.  Livingston,  A.  J.  Bowers,  J.  D. 


♦(Minutes   of   1846,   p.   8.) 


History  of  Congregations  175 

Kinard,  P.  E.  Shealy,  and  L.  P.  Boland,  the  pastor  now  in 
charge.  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins  served  two  terms  as  pastor,  as 
also  did  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh.  Rev.  W.  K.  Sligh  served  three 
terms. 

Many  of  the  best  people  of  Newberry  County  were  in- 
cluded in  the  membership  of  this  congregation,  and  although 
not  now  connected  with  Colony  Church,  several  of  the  char- 
ter members  are  still  living:  Mrs.  Jacob  Aull,  for  instance, 
and,  until  recently,  Mr.  Aull  and  Mrs.  Margaret  McNeil  Mc- 
Cullough. 

Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  I.  E.  Long  are 
sons  of  this  church.  Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles  was  buried  in  the 
cemetery  near  the  church  where  he  so  faithfully  preached 
the  Gospel  of  Christ. 

The  members  number  182  and  the  Sunday  School  67. 
Church  property  is  valued  at  $5,000. 

Macedonia  Churck,  Lexington  County 

Macedonia  Church  is  situated  on  Calk's  (formerly  Lewie's) 
Road,  near  Saluda  River,  and  is  an  offshoot  of  St.  Peter's 
Church.  Many  years  ago  some  differences  among  the  mem- 
bers existed  at  St.  Peter's  Church,  and  about  twenty-five  mem- 
bers withdrew  and  formed  Macedonia  congregation.  They 
worshiped  during  a  short  time  in  a  building  then  called  Ly- 
brand's  Church,  situated  about  five  miles  east  of  the  pres- 
ent church  building.  Then  for  about  two  years  the  congre- 
gation worshiped  in  a  schoolhouse  which  stood  on  the  pres- 
ent site  of  the  church. 

The  congregation  was  organized  November  18,  1847.  The 
church  was  built  in  1848  and  dedicated  in  November,  1849, 
when  the  services  were  conducted  by  Rev.  William  Berly. 
Rev.  George  Haltiwanger,  Sr.,  who  served  the  congregation 
once  a  month  as  pastor,  died  before  the  church  was  com- 
pleted. 

The  list  of  pastors  follows:  Revs.  George  Haltiwanger, 
Sr.,  1848;  William  Berly,  1851-62;  James  H.  Bailey,  1862- 
66;  Samuel  Bouknight,  1866-81;  J.  A.  Sligh,  1881-84;  C.  P. 
Boozer,  1884-88;  J.  D.  Bowles,  1888-89;  A.  J.  Bowers  (sup- 


176         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

ply),  1889-90;  J.  A.  Sligh,  1890-91;  A.  J.  Bowers,  again, 
1891-92;  W.  A.  Julian  (January,  1892,  until  synod),  1892; 
J.  A.  Sligh,  again,  1893;  J.  D.  Bowles,  again,  1893-94;  J. 
H.  Wyse,  November-December,  1894;  Jacob  Hawkins  (dur- 
ing early  part),  1894;  James  D.  Kinard  (until  synod),  1895; 
C.  P.  Boozer  (until  synod),  1896. 

At  this  time  Macedonia  congregation  became  associated 
with  Holy  Trinity  Church,  Little  Mountain,  in  a  pastorate, 
with  pastors  as  follows:  Revs.  H.  P.  Counts,  1896-99;  S.  L. 
Nease,  1899-1901;  J.  K.  Efird,  1901-05;  0.  B.  Shearouse, 
1905-12;  J.  J.  Long,  1912-22;  J.  B.  Harman,  present  pastor, 
1923. 

The  new  church  building  was  erected  and  completed  in 
1914,  and  was  dedicated  May  27,  1917,  by  Rev.  J.  W. 
Horine,  D.D. 

Sons  of  this  congregation  are:  Revs.  S.  C.  Ballentine  and 
A.  W.  Ballentine,  related  as  uncle  and  nephew,  respectively. 

Pine  Grove  Church,  Orangeburg  (now  Calhoun)  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  September  27,  1847,  un- 
der the  ministry  of  Rev.  John  P.  Margart.  The  original 
membership  was  about  fifty-seven,  most  of  whom  were  mem- 
bers of  St.  Matthew's  Church  in  Amelia  township.  For 
several  years  before  the  formal  organization  they  had  occa- 
sional preaching  in  an  old  log  building  nearer  Santee  River 
than  where  the  present  church  now  stands.  After  two  years 
of  efficient  service  Rev.  John  P.  Margart  resigned,  and  Rev. 
Ephraim  Dufford,  a  scholarly  man,  was  elected  pastor.  He 
served  the  congregation  for  four  years  and  taught  a  school 
in  that  locality  part  of  the  time.  Rev.  W.  A.  Houck,  one  of 
the  best  preachers  of  his  day  and  a  consecrated  man  of  God, 
succeeded  Rev.  Ephraim  Dufford,  and  for  sixteen  years 
served  this  church,  together  with  Trinity  Church,  situated 
some  twelve  miles  south  of  Pine  Grove  Church.  No  man 
was  ever  more  highly  esteemed  by  all  classes  of  people  in 
the  entire  community.  At  the  close  of  his  long  ministry  here, 
he  recommended  as  his  successor,  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  who 
entered  upon  his  duties  there  in  November,  1869,  and  re- 
mained pastor  about  six  years. 


History  of  Congregations  177 

The  pastors  in  the  order  of  their  service  were  as  follows: 
Reverends  John  P.  Margart,  Ephraim  Dufford,  W.  A.  Houck, 
S.  T.  Hallman,  J.  H.  W.  Wertz,  J.  Q.  Wertz,  M.  0.  J.  Kreps, 
J.  D.  Bowles,  B.  W.  Cronk,  S.  L.  Nease,  P.  D.  Risinger,  W. 
B.  Aull,  L.  P.  Boland,  E.  W.  Leslie,  R.  R.  Sowers,  and  E.  K. 
Bodie,  the  present  pastor. 

The  present  commodious  building,  the  third  in  the  history 
of  the  congregation,  was  erected  under  the  ministry  of  Rev. 
J.  D,  Bowles,  and  the  present  parsonage  is  the  third  home 
for  the  pastor. 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  met  here  in  October,  1858,  No- 
vember, 1884,  and  November,  1911. 

The  bodies  of  Revs.  E.  Dufford  and  J.  H.  W.  Wertz  rest 
near  the  church  where  they  had  faithfully  preached  the 
everlasting  Gospel. 

The  members  number  152,  and  the  Sunday  School  163. 
Church  property  is  valued  at  $14,000. 

Trinity  CKurch,  EUoree 

This  congregation  was  organized  August  19,  1849,  under 
the  ministry  of  Rev.  John  P.  Margart.  The  first  building  was 
a  log  structure  which  was  dedicated  to  God  June  3,  1849, 
but  the  formal  organization  of  the  congregation  did  not  take 
place  until  August  of  that  year.  The  sermon  at  the  dedica- 
tion was  preached  by  Rev.  E.  B.  Hort,  who  also  conducted 
the  dedicatory  service.  The  membership  was  made  up  of 
members  of  Pine  Grove  Church  who  lived  south  of  what 
was  known  as  "Half-way  Swamp"  and  this  explains  the  seem- 
ingly strange  procedure  of  building  and  dedicating  a  church 
before  the  organization  of  the  congregation.  Pine  Grove 
was  providing  a  home  for  her  people  before  dismissing  those 
who  were  not  located  conveniently  to  the  mother  church. 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  John  P. 
Margart,  Ephraim  Dufford,  W.  A.  Houck,  S.  T.  Hallman, 
J.  H.  W.  Wertz,  J.  Q.  Wertz,  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  J.  S.  Bowles, 
B.  W.  Cronk,  S.  L.  Nease,  P.  D.  Risinger,  W.  B.  Aull,  L.  P. 
Boland,  E.  W.  Leslie,  R.  R.  Sowers,  and  H.  S.  Petrea,  the 
pastor  in  charge. 


178         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  first  building  was  constructed  of  cypress  logs  and  stood 
on  the  Monck's  Corner  Road  in  a  beautiful  oak  grove  twelve 
miles  south  of  Pine  Grove  Church  and  about  twenty-five  miles 
from  Orangeburg. 

Subsequently  a  very  neat  building  was  erected,  which  still 
stands,  although  not  as  a  Lutheran  church.  In  the  course 
of  events  the  Lutheran  people  of  that  immediate  commun- 
ity drifted  northward  and  the  Methodists  moved  southward. 
Then,  by  an  amicable  arrangement,  the  two  denominations 
exchanged  buildings.  This  put  the  Lutheran  congregation 
close  to  the  town  of  Elloree,  and  in  due  time  they  erected  a 
more  desirable  building  in  the  town.  This  building  was, 
however,  destroyed  by  fire  in  June,  1913.  On  Palm  Sunday, 
April  5,  1914,  the  cornerstone  of  another  and  far  better 
house  of  worship  was  laid,  the  pastor.  Rev.  L.  P.  Boland, 
being  assisted  by  Rev.  R.  C.  Holland,  D.D.,  who  made  the 
address.  This  edifice  is  built  of  blue  granite  and  covered 
with  green  slate  and  it  is  in  all  respects  a  sanctuary  well 
adapted  to  all  the  purposes  of  divine  worship. 

When  the  convention  of  synod  met  here  in  November, 
1918,  many  expressions  of  approval  and  admiration  were 
made  in  regard  to  the  splendid  work  which  the  congregation 
had  thus  accomplished.  Looking  back  on  the  old  log  church 
of  1849,  and  then  on  this  splendid  evidence  of  loyal  devo- 
tion one  might  well  exclaim,  "Behold,  what  hath  God 
wrought!" 

Rev.  William  Stoudenmire  was  a  son  of  this  congregation. 

The  membership  is  180,  with  an  enrollment  of  152  in  the 
Sunday  School.     The  church  property  value  is  $15,000. 

St.  Peter's  Church,  near  Batesburg 

The  early  history  of  this  church  can  not  be  traced  with 
any  degree  of  certainty.  It  was  built  and  dedicated  in  1849, 
but  by  whom  and  when  organized  it  has  not  been  possible 
to  determine.  The  first  mention  of  it  in  the  list  of  churches 
is  in  1850,  when  it  is  in  Rev.  Samuel  Bouknight's  charge. 
He  was  evidently  the  first  pastor,  and  must  have  been  its 
organizer.  He  reported  only  eighty-three  members  in  the 
three  congregations  served  by  him. 


History  of  Congregations  179 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  Samuel 
Bouknight,  S.  R.  Shepherd,  Jesse  B.  Lowman,  D.  Shealy, 
Emanuel  Caughman,  A.  W.  Lindler,  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  J.  H. 
Bailey,  L.  E.  Busby,  D.D.,  S.  P.  Shumpert,  Jacob  Austin, 
D.  B.  Groseclose,  S.  C.  Ballentine,  V.  Y.  Boozer,  and  J.  D. 
Shealy,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge  of  this  congre- 
gation in  June,  1923. 

The  house  of  worship  has  been  much  improved.  It  has 
been  rolled  back  from  the  cemetery  and  turned  around,  so 
as  to  face  the  public  highway.  It  is  now  marked  by  new 
life  and  energy,  and  by  increased  attendance  and  numerical 
growth.     The  outlook  is  very  encouraging. 

Emanuel  CKurcn,  near  Lexington 

This  congregation  was  organized  about  1852  by  Rev. 
Adam  Efird.  A  house  of  worship  was  built  near  the  time 
of  its  organization.  A  second  sanctuary  was  erected  about 
1888  and  the  third  and  present  sanctuary  in  1913.  The 
congregation  was  connected  with  the  Tennessee  Synod  until 
it  went  with  that  synod  into  the  United  Synod  of  North  Caro- 
lina, and  in  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922. 

It  has  been  served  by  Reverends  Adam  Efird,  A.  L.  Crouse, 
Daniel  Efird,  assisted  by  Revs.  J.  A.  Cromer  and  E.  L.  Ly- 
brand  while  they  were  theological  students,  and  by  Rev.  J. 
A.  Cromer,  upon  his  ordination.  Rev.  H.  A.  Kistler,  the 
present  pastor,  took  charge  in  1922. 

The  lands  on  which  the  church  was  built  were  donated  by 
Daniel  Sox  and  0.  Steele.  Seven  of  its  members  have 
studied  theology,  of  whom  all  but  one  are  now  in  the  active 
ministry. 

Cedar  Grove  Church,  Leesville 

It  appears  that  a  portion  of  the  members  of  the  old  Salem 
Church  in  1853,  on  account  of  some  dissatisfaction  in  the 
congregation,  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Tennessee  Synod, 
sending  a  petition  for  connection  with  that  body,  after  first 
organizing  as  a  congregation  to  be  known  as  Cedar  Grove. 
It  is  probable  that  this  organization  worshiped   in  the  old 


180         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

church  with  the  Salem  congregation  until  about  1856,  when 
a  house  of  worship  was  evidently  built,  forasmuch  as  the 
first  communion  meeting  of  which  any  record  can  be  found 
was  held  in  Cedar  Grove  Church  in  May,  1857.  The  house 
of  worship  was  dedicated  in  November,  1859,  and  burned  in 

1865,  A  communion  service  was  held  under  an  arbor  in 

1866,  and  the  communion  service  for  April,  1867,  was  held 
in  the  new  building  which  the  congregation  now  occupies. 

The  pastors  were:  Reverends  D.  Efird,  A.  Efird,  J.  I. 
Miller,  A.  L.  Crouse,  E.  L.  Lybrand,  E.  J.  Sox,  W.  H.  Roof, 
B.  D.  Wessinger,  B.  L.  Stroup,  J.  C.  Wessinger.  Rev.  W. 
D.  Wise  is  the  present  pastor. 

Reverends  J.  D.  Shealy,  P.  D.  Risinger,  C.  I.  Morgan  and 
Enoch  Hite  entered  the  ministry  from  this  congregation. 

CKurcK  of  tKe  Redeemer   (Originally  Luther  Chapel), 

Newberry 

The  first  steps  taken  for  the  establishment  of  a  Lutheran 
church  in  the  town  of  Newberry  began  in  1852,  led  by  Rev. 
T.  S.  Boinest,  who  was  then  pastor  of  Bethlehem  Church,  Po- 
maria.  At  that  time  the  town  had  a  population  of  about 
400  and  quite  a  number  of  Lutheran  families  had  located 
there  and  were  without  a  convenient  church  home. 

Sunday,  July  10,  1853,  after  a  service  conducted  in  the 
court  house  (the  building  still  standing  on  the  public  square 
of  Newberry)  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Boinest,  who  preached  to  a 
congregation  which  overflowed  the  court  room,  the  organi- 
zation was  effected  with  the  enrollment  of  twenty-one  mem- 
bers, all  of  whom  were  regular  communicants  of  various  con- 
gregations in  the  Dutch  Fork  of  Newberry  and  Lexington 
Counties. 

Wednesday,  August  10,  1853,  exactly  one  month  after  the 
organization  (so  readily  did  the  members  respond  in  sub- 
scriptions and  cash  to  build  a  house  of  worship),  the  corner- 
stone was  laid  in  the  presence  of  a  large  assemblage  of  per- 
sons at  the  site  fronting  on  Boundary  Street,  midway  between 
the  termini  of  Nance  Street  on  the  north  and  McKibben  Street 
on  the  south,  the  lot  having  been  given  by  a  citizen  of  the 


History  of  Congregations  181 

town.  Rev.  John  Bachman  conducted  the  services  on  this 
interesting  occasion. 

At  the  convention  in  November,  1853,  a  petition  was  pre- 
sented by  the  elders  and  members,  asking  to  be  received 
into  the  synod  as  a  congregation  which  had  been  organized 
under  the  name  of  Luther  Chapel.  The  president  of  synod 
said  in  his  report:  "The  much  needed  Lutheran  church 
in  the  thriving  village  of  Newberry  is  rapidly  progressing 
in  construction.  .  .  .  Being  surrounded  by  a  dense  Lutheran 
population,  located  in  a  growing  village,  populated  by  an 
intelligent,  moral  and  pious  people,  with  the  blessing  of  God, 
success  must  crown  the  efforts  which  are  there  being  made. 
The  Christian  enterprise  had  its  origin  and  is  still  progressing 
principally  from  the  efficient  and  well-directed  efforts  of 
Brother  Boinest." 

The  congregation  was  chartered  December  20,  1853,  by 
an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  as  "the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  at  Newberry,  by  the  name  of  Luther  Chapel."  Rev. 
T.  S.  Boinest  became  the  first  pastor  (a  licentiate  on  the  roll 
of  the  synod  at  the  time),  and  provision  was  made  at  the 
convention  of  1853  for  his  ordination  to  take  place  at  the 
dedication  of  "his  own  church  in  Newberry  village".  Ac- 
cordingly, the  church  having  been  completed  December  1, 
1854,  it  was  dedicated  Sunday,  December  10,  by  Rev.  John 
Bachman,  D.D.,  assisted  by  the  pastor  and  other  Lutheran 
ministers. 

The  church  was  a  frame  structure,  Gothic  in  style  of  archi- 
tecture and  of  superior  workmanship,  the  cost  being  $4,000, 
all  of  which,  except  $900,  was  provided  in  cash  at  the  ded- 
ication. The  latter  amount  was  liquidated  within  less  than 
three  years  almost  entirely  by  the  liberality  of  Matthias 
Barre,  one  of  the  charter  members. 

Rev.  Mr.  Boinest  resigned  as  pastor  of  St.  Luke's  and 
Colony  congregations  after  his  ordination  in  order  to  devote 
more  time  to  the  Newberry  church.  This  congregation  is 
therefore  a  monument  to  this  energetic  and  faithful  man 
of  God. 

Rev.  Mr.  Boinest  resigned  as  pastor  of  Luther  Chapel  in 
1856  and  was  followed  by  Rev.  William  Berly,   1856-58, 


182         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


when  Rev,  M.  Whittle  served  temporarily  in  connection  with 
his  professorship  in  Newberry  College,  Rev.  Theophilus 
Stork,  D.D,,  was  pastor  in  1859  until  a  portion  of  1860,  in 
connection  with  his  duties  as  president  of  Newberry  College, 
and  Rev,  J,  A,  Brown,  D.D.,  professor  in  the  Theological 
Seminary,  assisted  him,  both  returning,  however,  to  the  North 
in  1861,  Dr.  Stork  in  February  and  Dr.  Brown  early  in  the 
spring.  Rev.  J.  P.  Margart  was  then  temporarily  in  charge 
as  pastor  in  1860,  in  connection  with  Sandy  Run  Church, 
until  1861. 

Rev,  J,  P.  Smeltzer  took  charge  as  pastor  in  May,  1861, 
in  connection  with  his  duties  as  president  of  Newberry  Col- 
lege, and  served  until  the  removal  of  the  College  to  Walhalla 
in  November,  1868,  A  vacancy  then  existed  for  a  year,  the 
congregation  permitting  the  use  of  the  church  once  a  month  by 
the  Episcopalians  of  the  town  until  May  24,  1869,  when  the 
church  was  struck  by  lightning  during  a  terrific  thunderstorm 
and  rendered  unfit  for  services.  The  tall  and  stately  steeple 
was  almost  entirely  demolished  and  the  interior  damaged 
to  a  considerable  extent.  This  disaster  added  materially  to  the 
discouragement  of  the  congregation  which  had  been  caused 
by  the  removal  of  the  College  and  the  severance  of  the  cor- 
dial relations  which  had  existed  between  the  congregation, 
faculty  and  students.  However,  the  members  took  fresh 
courage,  the  church  was  repaired  immediately  after  the  dis- 
aster, the  steeple  being  reduced  in  height  and  the  interior 
renovated. 

The  damage  to  the  church  by  lightning  occurred  Wednesday 
afternoon,  and  when  the  Episcopal  rector,  Rev,  Mr.  Trapier, 
arrived  from  Walhalla  on  Saturday  to  fill  his  appointment 
on  the  Lord's  Day,  he  found  the  church  unfit  for  use.  The 
Episcopal  congregation,  less  than  a  score  in  number,  put  their 
own  church  in  as  good  condition  as  possible  and  held  ser- 
vices there  accordingly  the  next  day.  Their  church  had 
fallen  entirely  into  disuse  during  the  Confederate  War  and 
several  years  subsequently  to  that  period.  So  May,  1869, 
is  the  date  when  the  Episcopal  services  were  no  longer  con- 
ducted in  Luther  Chapel,  Thus  was  allayed  abundant  fear 
among  leaders  of  our  Church  in  the  synod  that  the  small  band 


History  of  Congregations  183 

of  Lutherans  at  Newberry  would  be  absorbed  in  like  manner 
as  history  had  recorded  when  other  Lutherans  in  America 
had  become  associated  somewhat  similarly  with  Episcopal- 
ian strength.  The  editor  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  had  re- 
ferred facetiously  to  the  conditions  which  thus  existed  in 
the  Newberry  church  and  he  was  agreeably  disappointed  by 
the  final  result. 

Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins  became  pastor  in  September,  1869, 
in  connection  with  his  work  at  Beth  Eden  Church,  but  con- 
ducted services  only  each  Sunday  afternoon.  He  served  less 
than  a  year  after  his  installation  January  9,  1870,  by  Revs. 
A.  R.  Rude  and  William  Watkins  Hicks.  January  15,  1871, 
Rev.  H.  S.  Wingard  was  installed  as  pastor  by  Rev.  W.  S. 
Bowman,  D.D.,  and  served  until  the  fall  of  1872,  when  the 
congregation  was  reported  as  vacant  "but  with  some  pros- 
pect of  supply". 

Rev.  H.  W.  Kuhns,  of  Omaha,  Nebraska,  took  charge  in 
February,  1873,  having  accepted  a  call  after  he  had  visited 
the  congregation  in  December,  1872.  A  new  spirit  was  in- 
fused into  the  life  of  the  congregation  during  his  pastorship 
and  the  membership  had  grown  from  54,  in  1873,  to  160 
when  he  resigned  in  September,  1878.  Supply  services  were 
secured  until  March,  1879,  when  Rev.  S.  P.  Hughes  was 
pastor  until  November,  1881.  Then  followed  Rev.  J.  Steck, 
D.D.,  1882-83;  Rev.  A.  B.  McMackin,  1885-87;  Rev.  W.  C. 
Schaeffer,  D.D.,  1887-92;  Rev.  Junius  B.  Fox,  Ph.D.,  1893- 
99.  Revs.  George  W.  Holland  and  A.  G.  Voigt  served  as  sup- 
ply pastors  during  the  series  of  vacancies  (1884-95)  while 
the  former  was  president  of  the  college  and  the  latter  semi- 
nary professor.  Other  clerical  members  of  the  faculty  served 
likewise  in  subsequent  periods,  including  Rev.  W,  K.  Got- 
wald  in  1921. 

The  movement  to  build  a  better  house  of  worship  origi- 
nated during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  Dr.  Schaeffer,  when  the 
nucleus  of  a  building  fund  amounted  to  about  $5,000  in 
subscriptions  and  two  bequests,  the  latter  provided  by  mem- 
bers of  the  congregation.  The  matter  of  changing  the  loca- 
tion of  the  church  had  also  been  considered  during  Dr. 
Schaeffer's  term  and  it  was  finally  decided  in  1895  to  secure 
an  eligible  lot  bounded  by  Boundary,  Wilson  and  Johnstone 


184         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

streets  on  the  east,  south,  and  west,  respectively.  Here  the 
cornerstone  of  the  present  church  was  laid  October  20,  1896, 
during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  Dr.  Fox. 

The  congregation  did  not  realize  on  the  full  value  of  the 
old  church  property  by  its  sale  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  in 
the  gift  of  the  lot  the  donor  had  not  specified  in  the  deed 
that  it  was  made  in  perpetuity,  and  the  heirs  of  his  estate 
declined  to  relinquish  their  claims  under  the  circumstances. 

The  handsome  new  church,  including  the  lot,  cost  $14,500 
and  was  occupied  on  the  first  Sunday  in  October,  1897.  The 
beginning  of  the  new  century  was  signalized  by  the  congre- 
gation with  an  offering  at  midnight,  December  31,  1899,  to 
cancel  the  debt  of  $5,000  on  the  new  church.  The  amount 
of  $4,000  was  contributed.  The  remainder  of  $1,000  was 
paid  in  1903  and  the  church  was  dedicated  Sunday,  Febru- 
ary 28,  1904,  during  the  celebration  (February  25-27)  of  the 
semi-centennial  anniversary  of  the  congregation.  The  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  Rev.  M.  G.  G.  Scherer,  D.D.,  and  the 
pastor.  Rev.  W.  L.  Seabrook,  was  installed  at  the  evening 
service  by  Revs.  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh  and  S.  C.  Ballentine, 
president  and  secretary  of  synod,  respectively.  Addresses 
were  delivered  by  Dr.  George  B.  Cromer  and  Rev.  W.  K. 
Sligh  during  the  celebration,  which  had  been  unavoidably 
postponed  from  July  10,  1903,  the  fiftieth  anniversary  date 
of  the  organization  of  the  congregation.  The  membership  at 
this  time  (1904)  was  310.  Dr.  Scherer  was  a  former  pastor, 
having  served  from  August  1,  1899  until  1901,  when  he  was 
called  to  a  professorship  in  the  Theological  Seminary,  then 
located  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  S.  C.  Rev.  W.  L.  Seabrook  became 
pastor  in  the  spring  of  1902  and  served  until  February  1, 
1907.  Under  his  ministry  a  fine  large  parsonage  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $4,000.  Rev.  Edward  Fulenwider  took  charge 
March  9,  1908,  and  continued  until  October  24,  1920.  It  is 
a  notable  fact  that  under  his  ministry  the  accessions  of  108 
persons  at  the  Easter  celebration  of  1909  numbered  twice  as 
many  members  as  the  congregation  had  included  during  the 
first  twenty  years  (1853-73)   of  its  history. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Freed,  D.D.,  took  charge  April  18,  1921,  and 
continues  as  the  efficient  pastor  of  this  congregation,  which 


History  of  Congregations  185 

has  long  since  been  acknowledged  as  one  of  the  most  influ- 
ential churches  in  the  synod.  Its  historic  life  of  seventy-two 
years  has  not  been  lived  in  vain. 

Three  conventions  of  the  southern  general  body  have  been 
entertained  by  the  congregation — the  General  Synod  in 
May,  1868,  and  May,  1878,  and  the  United  Synod  in  May, 
1898,  each  convention  having  been  signalized  by  important 
transactions  in  the  progress  of  the  Church,  one  at  the  former 
convention  being  the  action  which  resulted  in  the  establish- 
ment of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  as  the  southern  church  paper 
and  another  was  provision  for  the  publication  of  the  Book 
of  Worship.  At  the  latter  convention  (1898)  plans  were 
instituted  looking  to  the  further  endowment  of  the  Theolog- 
ical Seminary,  which  resulted  in  securing  $30,000  for  this 
cause,  having  being  designated  as  the  "Century  Memorial 
Endowment". 

During  1923  substantial  improvements  were  made  to  the 
church  at  a  cost  of  $36,000,  which  included  an  addition  in 
order  to  enlarge  the  seating  capacity  of  the  auditorium  and 
provide  modern  and  adequate  equipment  for  the  Sunday 
School,  made  necessary  by  the  large  increase  in  the  mem- 
bership of  the  congregation.  This  addition  is  106  feet  long, 
55  feet  wide  and  three  stories  in  height,  including  the  base- 
ment, which  contains  an  up-to-date  heating  plant,  a  room 
for  boys'  work,  kitchen  and  hall  for  social  purposes.  The  pri- 
mary department  of  the  Sunday  School  is  so  arranged  as  to 
be  separate  from  and  yet  accessible  to  the  main  auditorium. 
In  the  main  section  of  the  Sunday  School  department  fifteen 
class  rooms  are  so  arranged  that  practically  the  entire  space 
can  be  made  available  for  seating  a  large  congregation.  It 
is  therefore  the  largest  auditorium  of  any  church  in  the 
synod  and  compares  in  size  with  any  other  church  in  the 
state. 

The  membership  is  now  600,  with  an  enrollment  of  323 
in  the  Sunday  School.  The  amount  contributed  for  benevo- 
lences in  1893  was  $5,890. 

Rev.  J.  J.  Long,  D.D.,  is  a  son  of  this  congregation.  One 
of  the  charter  members  is  still  living:  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Rawl 


186         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

(nee   Barre),   in   Newberry,   and   is   still  a   member  of  the 
congregation. 

St.  John's  Church,  Walhalla 

The  town  of  Walhalla,  lying  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge 
Mountains,  was  settled  in  1849  by  a  colony  of  Germans  from 
Charleston.  This  colony  was  supplemented  by  other  immi- 
grants who  came  later.  They  were  visited  by  Rev.  C.  F. 
Bansemer  as  a  missionary  from  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 
The  congregation  was  not  organized  until  1859.  At  the  meet- 
ing of  synod  in  October,  1859,  resolutions  were  adopted  en- 
couraging our  Walhalla  brethren  in  the  laudable  purpose 
to  build  a  church,  and  Pastor  Bansemer  was  authorized  to 
bring  their  needs  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  all  our 
churches.  With  some  help  our  Lutheran  people  in  Walhalla 
got  out  the  timbers,  provided  the  material  and  built  a  house 
of  worship  highly  creditable  to  themselves.  With  some  im- 
provements that  building  still  stands  as  a  monument  to  the 
noble  souls  who  projected  and  carried  out  that  worthy  enter- 
prise. 

\t  the  meeting  of  synod  in  January,  1862,  it  was  reported 
that  the  church  was  completed  and  had  been  dedicated  in 
May,  1861.  The  synod  expressed  its  pleasure  at  hearing 
this  report. 

Rev.  C.  F.  Bansemer  served  the  congregation  from  May, 
1858,  to  April,  1860;  then  Rev.  August  Angerer,  their  first 
regular  pastor,  took  charge  in  December,  1860,  and  remained 
until  June  26,  1864.  Rev.  Louis  Mueller  served  them  at 
intervals  from  1864  to  1867,  during  which  time  they  also 
had  lay  services.  Rev.  Carl  Weber  was  pastor  from  Sep- 
tember, 1867,  to  August,  1869.  Rev.  J.  H.  C.  Schierenbach 
was  pastor  from  May  7,  1871,  to  February  21,  1875;  Rev. 
J.  F.  Probst  from  May  23,  1875,  to  October,  1877;  Rev.  J. 
G.  Bohm,  1878,  during  August;  and  then  Rev.  W.  Pilz  served 
the  congregation  some  time  in  1880,  possibly  to  1884.  Rev. 
J.  F.  Probst  again  became  pastor,  serving  1884-85;  Rev.  J. 
C.  Brodfuhrer,  1885-90;  Rev.  S.  C.  Zettner,  1890-92;  Rev. 
G.  J.  Martz,  1893-94;  Rev.  J.  G.  Schaid,  1895-1903;  Rev. 
H.  C.  Grossman,  1903-07;  Rev.  T.  B.  Epting,  1908-10;  Rev. 


History  of  Congregations  187 

J.  B.  Umberger,  1911-15;  Rev.  W.  B.  Aull,  1916-24.     Rev. 
A.  W.  Ballentine  is  now  (1924)  the  pastor. 

From  the  founding  of  this  church  up  to  about  1869,  prob- 
ably much  later,  the  services  were  conducted  in  the  German 
language,  but  when  Newberry  College  was  located  in  Wal- 
halla  in  November,  1868,  it  was  found  necessary  to  organ- 
ize an  English  speaking  congregation  for  the  benefit  of  the 
student  body,  and  the  younger  members  of  the  German  fam- 
ilies who  preferred  the  English  language.  This  was  done 
under  Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.,  president  of  the  college, 
with  the  consent  of  the  officers  of  St.  John's  Church.  This 
necessity  passed  when  the  college  returned  to  Newberry  in 
1877;  for  a  time  the  English  organization  ceased,  but  subse- 
quently the  English  language  became  in  use  in  all  the  services. 

Union  Church,  LeesviUe 

This  congregation  dates  back  to  1855.  It  was  received 
into  the  synod  at  the  convention  of  1856  and  was  listed  in 
Rev.  M.  Ranch's  charge.  The  building  was  erected  in  1855, 
the  year  of  its  organization,  when  there  were  sixteen  mem- 
bers. The  dedicatory  services  were  conducted  by  Reverends 
M.  Ranch  and  J.  H.  W.  Wertz.  The  very  meager  records  af- 
ford the  information  that  Rev.  M.  Ranch  was  the  first  pastor. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  H.  W.  Wertz  and  the  following 
since  that  time:  Reverends  Barney  Kreps,  A.  W.  Lindler,  L. 
E.  Busby,  C.  A.  Marks,  J.  D.  Shealy,  H.  A.  McCullough,  Y. 
von  A.  Riser,  E.  C.  Witt,  0.  C.  Petersen,  and  J.  D.  Shealy, 
the  present  pastor.  It  was  under  the  ministry  of  Pastor  J.  D. 
Shealy  that  the  new  Union  Church  was  built,  and  then  ded- 
icated August  13,  1905,  the  sermon  being  preached  by  Rev. 
M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.,  who  was  then  president  of  synod. 

The  present  membership  is  179;  Sunday  School,  136. 
Property  value,  $2,600.     One  son  in  the  ministry. 

Orangeburg  Lutheran  Cnurcn,  Orangeburg 

The  present  church  was  organized  in  1855,  first  through 
an  interest  developed  by  the  visits  of  Reverends  J.  B.  An- 
thony   and   John    P.    Margart,    although    there    had    been    a 


188         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

church  in  Orangeburg  in  1737-1749,  ministered  to  by  Rev. 
J.  U.  Geissendanner,  referred  to  elsewhere  in  the  early  history 
of  the  synod.  This  old  congregation  was  carried  into  the  Epis- 
copal Church  by  the  younger  Geissendanner,  brought  about  by 
a  very  unjust  law  of  the  English  authorities. 

There  is,  then,  no  connection  between  the  present  church 
and  that  of  1737.  There  no  doubt  remained  some  of  the 
descendants  of  those  early  Lutherans  in  whom  there  possibly 
survived  a  lingering  Lutheran  faith. 

Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  church  in  1855,  a  lot 
was  purchased,  and  a  house  of  worship  was  erected,  which 
was  dedicated  in  August,  1850.  The  congregation  then  num- 
bered twenty-two  members.  At  the  meeting  of  Synod  in  1856 
the  congregation  was  reported  as  giving  "flattering  prospects 
of  success".  The  church  had  been  completed  and  "a  goodly 
number  of  communicants"  had  been  gathered  into  the  con- 
gregation, although  regrets  were  expressed  that  they  were 
to  lose  the  services  of  their  pastor.  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins,  who 
was  one  of  the  first  pastors.  The  church  was  vacant  in  1857 
and  the  synod  appropriated  $300  to  aid  the  congregation  in 
securing  a  suitable  minister. 

In  1858  the  church  was  still  vacant,  but  Rev.  W.  A.  Houck 
served  them  regularly  once  each  month  during  that  year,  the 
church  being  referred  to  as  "Orange  Chapel". 

In  1859  "Orange  Chapel"  is  referred  to  as  in  Rev.  J.  P. 
Margart's  charge,  and  the  prospects  were  encouraging;  but 
very  soon  a  dark  and  trying  period  came  into  the  life  of  this 
mission,  which  lasted  through  the  years  of  the  War  Between 
the  States.  About  the  close  of  the  war  the  church  was  used 
as  a  temporary  Federal  Army  hospital  and  later  on  was  rented 
for  a  court  house.  It  was  thus  used  and  abused  for  several 
years. 

It  was  not  until  the  synod  met  in  1872  that  the  president 
of  synod  in  his  report  could  say,  "Our  long  neglected  church 
in  the  town  of  Orangeburg  has  again  been  reorganized  under 
the  most  encouraging  auspices."  Rev.  G.  A.  Hough,  then 
serving  Pastorate  No.  2,  some  fifteen  miles  from  the  town, 
had  given  them  efficient  help  and  encouragement.  He  re- 
signed Pastorate  No.  2  near  the  close  of  1874  and  accepted 


History  of  Congregations  189 


a  call  to  the  Orangeburg  Church.  Through  his  labors  the 
purpose  to  repair  and  refit  the  building  was  developed  and 
some  work  was  done  to  that  end. 

Early  in  1876  Rev.  G.  A.  Hough  accepted  work  elsewhere. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Haskell  then  became  pastor,  but  on  September 
8,  1877,  he  too  resigned  and  became  the  pastor  of  Christ  Lu- 
theran Church  in  Staunton,  Va.  Rev.  H.  S.  Wingard,  then 
of  Pomaria,  supplied  the  church  with  preaching  once  each 
month  in  1878.  Rev.  J.  F.  Kiser  was  then  called  and  entered 
upon  the  work  early  in  1879 — and  that  was  an  important 
event  in  the  life  of  this  congregation.  He  established  a 
school  and  secured  sufficient  funds  to  enable  them  to  carry 
out  much  of  the  work  which  had  been  previously  projected. 
He  resigned  September  10,  1885,  and  thus  rounded  out  about 
seven  years  of  faithful  service. 

It  will  now  be  seen  that  our  people  here  have  been  long- 
suffering,  loyal  and  faithful  to  the  trust  committed  to  them, 
notwithstanding  the  many  discouraging  circumstances  through 
which  they  have  passed. 

The  following  ministers  are  known  to  have  served  this  con- 
gregation during  the  years  since  the  organization  in  1885: 
Reverends  Jacob  Hawkins,  W.  A.  Houck  (as  a  supply  for 
one  year),  J.  P.  Margart,  G.  A.  Hough,  J.  B.  Haskell,  H.  S. 
Wingard  (monthly  supply  for  one  year),  J.  F.  Kiser,  H.  C. 
Grossman,  S.  L,  Keller,  J.  Q.  Wertz,  N.  D.  Bodie,  J.  C. 
Dietz,  J.  P.  Miller,  R.  C.  Holland,  J.  H.  Wilson,  H.  E.  Beatty, 
P.  E.  Shealy,  C.  H.  Ritchie,  and  Paul  Cromer  Sigmon,  the 
present  pastor. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Riser  entered  the  ministry  from  this  congre- 
gation. 

The  total  valuation  of  its  property  is  now  $14,000,  and  its 
future  is  bright  with  promise. 

Grace  Cnurcn,  Prosperity 

This  church  was  organized  by  Rev.  William  Berly  early 
in  1850,  and  was  dedicated  on  the  fourth  Sunday  in  August 
of  that  year  under  the  name  of  Newville.  A  neat  and  com- 
fortable church  had  been  erected.     The  president  of  synod, 


190 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Rev.  Samuel  Bouknight,  said  in  his  report:  "This  was  cer- 
tainly a  wise  and  timely  effort  for  that  place,  as  it  is  sur- 
rounded, more  or  less,  by  a  population  whose  feelings  have 
been  identified  with  our  Church."  He  adds:  "This  being 
a  central  point,  affords  facilities  for  access  from  every  direc- 
tion, and  must  always  command  a  large  congregation." 

His  words  have  been  fully  justified  by  the  achievements 
of  this  congregation  during  all  of  its  history.  Rev.  William 
Berly,  although  the  organizer  of  this  congregation,  did  not 
become  its  regular  pastor;  at  that  time  he  was  pastor  of  St. 
Luke's  and  St.  Andrew's  Churches.     Rev.   J.  L.   Smithdeal 


GRACE    CHURCH,    PROSPERITY 


was  called  and  accepted  the  Newville  congregation  and  with 
it  St.  Luke's  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  Berly,  who  resided  at  Lex- 
ington, having  given  up  the  work.  Rev.  Mr.  Smithdeal  took 
charge  of  this  congregation  in  1860,  the  delegate  being 
George  Dominick.  No  meeting  of  the  synod  was  held  in 
1861  but  it  convened  January  16,  1862,  and  at  that  time 
Rev.  Mr.  Smithdeal  had  returned  to  North  Carolina.  At 
the  convention  in  October,  1863,  Rev.  Webster  Eichelberger 
is  recorded  as  pastor  of  Newville  Church.  By  midsummer 
of  1864,  he  had  gone  to  Virginia  as  a  missionary  in  the  army, 
and  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh's  name  appears  in  the  record  of  synod 


History  of  Congregations  191 

as  pastor  of  the  Newville  Church.  The  same  record  is  also 
found  in  the  minutes  of  October  12-14,  1865.  When  the 
synod  convened  on  October  18,  1866,  Newville,  Colony  and 
St.  Paul's  Churches  are  entered  as  constituting  Rev.  J.  A. 
Sligh's  charge — including  also  a  "Newville  colored  congre- 
gation", which  occupied  a  section  in  the  church  at  the 
services.  At  the  convention  of  October,  1868,  the  same 
churches  still  make  up  "Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh's  charge".  At  the 
convention  of  1869  the  churches  are  grouped  into  pastorates. 
The  three  churches  constituting  Pastorate  No.  13  are  St. 
Luke's,  Newville  and  Colony.  Thus  Newville  ceased  to  be 
under  the  ministry  of  Pastor  Sligh. 

In  the  adjustment  of  the  new  pastoral  system,  vacancies 
occurred  and  about  that  time  Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.,  and 
H.  S.  Wingard,  theological  student,  occasionally  supplied 
Newville,  but  in  1871  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins,  D.D.,  served  as 
pastor.  From  1872  to  1876  Rev.  H.  S.  Wingard  was  pastor. 
At  the  convention  of  October,  1877,  the  president  said  in 
his  report:  "In  a  letter  dated  November  6,  1876,  Rev.  Z. 
W.  Bedenbaugh  informed  me  that  the  Newville  congrega- 
tion at  Prosperity,  S.  C,  has  engaged  my  services  for  the 
ensuing  year  as  a  supply."  He  was  the  supply  pastor  dur- 
ing 1877. 

At  the  convention  of  November,  1878,  in  his  annual  report 
the  president  said:  "The  church  in  Prosperity  has  been 
regularly  supplied  during  the  synodical  year  by  Rev.  G.  W. 
Holland,  President  of  Newberry  College."  At  the  close  of 
1878,  the  president  of  the  synod  in  his  report  said:  "The 
congregation  at  Prosperity,  S.  C,  has  erected  a  new  church 
in  place  of  the  old  one,  which  was  dedicated  on  the  second 
of  October,  by  the  name  of  Grace  Church." 

It  was  therefore  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Hol- 
land, D.D.,  that  the  second  church  was  built.  The  church 
at  that  time  received  the  name  of  "Grace  Church",  whijh 
name  it  still  bears. 

December  27,  1878,  Rev.  Jacob  Hawkins,  D.D.,  nolified 
the  president  of  synod  that  he  had  accepted  a  call  to  Grace 
Church,  and  on  that  date  had  entered  upon  the  work.  He 
was  pastor  from  1879  to  1882,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev. 


192         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

J.  E.  Bushnell,  who  took  charge  December,  1882,  and  con- 
tinued to  1885.  From  1886  to  1890  Rev.  C.  A.  Marks  was 
the  pastor;  1890  to  1895,  Rev.  T.  0.  Keister;  1895  to  1900, 
Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman;  1900  to  1902,  Rev.  W.  H.  Hiller;  1902 
to  1905,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz;  1905  to  1911,  Rev.  M.  0.  J. 
Kreps,  under  whose  ministry  the  present  large  and  commod- 
ious church  was  erected;  1911  to  1916,  Rev.  E.  W.  Leslie; 
1916  to  1922,  Rev.  C.  J.  Shealy.  Rev.  S.  W.  Hahn,  the  pres- 
ent pastor,  took  charge  in  1922,  and  under  his  ministry  the 
congregation  is  greatly  prospering. 

The  congregation  now  has  a  property  value  of  $21,500, 
and  is  active  in  all  the  work  of  the  synod  and  in  the  general 
work  of  the  Church. 

The  following  sons  of  the  congregation  entered  into  the 
ministry  of  the  Church:  A.  J.  Bowers,  E.  H.  Kohn,  V.  Y. 
Boozer,  M.  M.  Kinard,  and  J.  D.  Kinard. 

St.  James'   Church,  Graniteville 

This  congregation  was  not  fully  organized  until  March 
4,  1860,  although  it  had  been  a  preaching  station  as  far 
back  as  1850.  Rev.  Herbert  C.  Bell,  in  a  historical  sermon 
preached  there  some  years  ago,  gives  the  following  sketch  of 
its  early  and  subsequent  history: 

Graniteville  was  founded  in  1845,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest 
cotton  mill  towns  in  the  South.  At  that  time  the  nearest  Lu- 
theran church  was  Mt.  Calvary,  where  a  church  was  built  in 
1828.  The  first  Lutherans  at  Graniteville  came  from  Mt.  Cal- 
vary and  from  the  older  Lutheran  communities  of  Saluda 
and  Lexington  Counties.  Two  Lutheran  ministers  resided 
here  before  a  church  was  organized:  Rev.  Robert  Cloy  from 
1850  until  his  death  on  May  4,  1853,  and  Rev.  Nicholas 
Aldrich,  1854-56.  The  latter  was  state  agent  for  the  Amer- 
ican Tract  Society.  He  preached  occasionally  at  Granite- 
ville, found  a  number  of  Lutherans  among  his  neighbors  and 
in  1856  presented  their  cause  to  synod.  The  organization 
of  this  church  may  thus  be  said  to  have  resulted  indirectly 
from  his  residence  here.  In  1857  the  Third  Conference  sup- 
plied the  Lutherans  of  Graniteville  with  preaching,  and  since 


History  of  Congregations  193 

that  date  Lutheran  services  have  been  continued  to  the  pres- 
ent time.  Among  those  who  preached  here  in  1857  was 
Rev.  A.  W.  Lindler,  who  reported  to  synod  that  he  has  found 
nineteen  persons  at  Graniteville  who  considered  themselves 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

In  1859  the  Third  Conference  stationed  Rev.  J.  N.  Der- 
rick at  Graniteville  as  missionary  and  issued  an  appeal  to 
all  churches  in  the  synod  for  financial  assistance  in  building 
a  church.  An  organization  was  effected,  and  the  congre- 
gation adopted  a  constitution  on  March  4,  1860.  The  Syn- 
odical  Missionary  Society  appropriated  $300  for  Granite- 
ville in  1859  and  $350  in  1860.  The  synod  was  unable  to 
help  its  mission  churches  during  the  war,  and  thus  the  Gran- 
iteville church  and  its  young  pastor  were  thrown  entirely 
upon  their  own  resources.  Mr.  Derrick  taught  school  and 
served  as  postmaster.  The  erection  of  a  church  building  was 
begun  and  continued  under  many  difficulties.  It  was  dedi- 
cated (in  an  unfinished  condition,  however)  on  the  third 
Sunday  in  November,  1863,  by  Rev.  William  Berly,  pres- 
ident of  synod,  assisted  by  the  pastor.  It  was  finally  com- 
pleted in  1871,  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Emanuel  Caugh- 
man,  and  was  rededicated  in  September  of  that  year. 

The  location  of  this  building  was  unfortunate.  It  was 
almost  out  of  town,  and  the  town  never  grew  in  that  direc- 
tion. Removal  to  a  more  eligible  site  finally  became  imper- 
ative and  on  May  28,  1905,  the  present  location  was  selected 
by  the  council.  The  present  church  edifice  is  a  frame  struc- 
ture, with  corner  tower  and  entrance,  and  was  dedicated  free 
from  debt  June  27,  1906,  by  Rev.  Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh.  The 
church  lot,  and  also  the  lot  upon  which  the  old  church  stood, 
were  donated  by  the  Graniteville  Manufacturing  Company. 

The  succession  of  pastors  has  been  as  follows:  Rever- 
ends J.  N.  Derrick,  1859-65;  Barney  Kreps,  1866-70;  E. 
Caughman,  1871;  Barney  Kreps,  1872;  E.  Dufford,  1873; 
G.  A.  Hough,  1875;  Barney  Kreps,  1877-79;  G.  A.  Hough, 
1880;  J.  H.  Wilson,  1881;  A.  W.  Lindler,  1882-84;  S.  S. 
Rahn,  1885;  E.  E.  Barclay,  1886;  S.  T.  Hallman,  1888; 
S.  L.  Keller,  1890-91;  J.  W.  Butler,  1892-93;  C.  P.  Boozer, 
1894;  Clarence  M.  Fox,  1895;  T.  W.  Shealy,  1897-1900; 


194         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Jacob  Austin,  1900;  J.  D.  Shealy,  1900-02;  L.  P.  Boland, 
1903-04;  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  1905;  J.  W.  Oxner,  (supply) 
1906-07;  J.  B.  Derrick,  1907;  J.  I.  Miller,  D.D.,  1908;  J. 
B.  Derrick,  1908-14;  Herbert  C.  Bell,  1914-18;  H.  S.  Petrea, 
1918-24. 

The  membership  numbers  seventy-three,  and  the  Sunday 
School  seventy-eight.  The  church  property  is  valued  at 
$2,500. 

St.  Andrew's  ChurcK  ("'Wentwortk  Street  Churck '), 

Charleston 

This  congregation  has  a  composite  history  which  is  worthy 
of  special  note. 

In  1851  Rev.  G.  D.  Beniheim,  D.D.,  collected  funds  and 
purchased  a  lot  on  Morris  Street,  on  which  a  house  of  wor- 
ship was  built,  and  dedicated  January,  1853.  It  was  named 
"Zion  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church".  The  dedicatory  ser- 
vices were  conducted  by  Revs.  John  Bachman,  D.D.,  Louis 
Mueller,  D.D.,  E.  A.  Bolles,  J.  H.  Bailey,  E.  B.  Hort  and  G. 
D.  Bernheim.  The  last  named  was  chosen  pastor  and  was 
installed  February  6,  1853. 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim  came  to  the  South  from  Pennsyl- 
vania. Originally  he  was  from  Germany,  and  his  father 
was  a  converted  Jew.  The  elder  Bernheim  became  a  Lu- 
theran preacher,  as  did  also  his  sons,  G.  D.  and  Charles  H.; 
it  was  the  latter  who  proposed  the  name,  "United  Synod  of 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the  South,"  upon  the 
union  of  our  southern  synods  at  Roanoke,  Va.,  June  25, 
1886,  which  name  our  general  body  bore  for  many  years. 

In  January,  1858,  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim  resigned  the  pas- 
torship and  moved  to  North  Carolina,  although  not  without 
leaving  behind  him  a  zealous  band  of  faithful  workers.  By 
death  and  removal,  however,  the  membership  was  sadly  de- 
pleted, and  by  May,  1859,  only  thirteen  members  remained. 

As  an  evidence  of  their  faith  and  loyalty,  in  that  same 
year  they  extended  a  call  to  Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman,  then  of 
Madison,  Va.,  who  entered  upon  the  work  May  22,  1859,  and 
continued  with  that  congregation  and  the  later  united  con- 


History  of  Congregations  195 

gregation,  called  "Wentworth  Street  Lutheran  Church",  six- 
teen or  more  years. 

In  1866  a  Protestant  Methodist  Church,  being  also  weak 
numerically,  united  with  Zion  Lutheran  Church,  and  with 
great  unanimity,  under  Rev.  Mr.  Bowman's  ministry,  com- 
bined with  the  fullest  cooperation  of  Rev.  John  H.  Honour, 
then  a  Protestant  Methodist  minister,  a  brighter  day  came 
for  the  united  congregation.  The  Zion  church  property  was 
sold  and  the  Protestant  Methodist  church  was  repaired,  the 
joint  congregation  becoming  a  Lutheran  church.  This  was 
then  known  as  "The  Wentworth  Street  Lutheran  Church", 
(now  St.  Andrew's  Church),  Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman  becoming 
pastor. 

While  the  repairs  were  being  made,  the  congregation  wor- 
shiped in  the  chapel  of  the  Charleston  Orphan  House  until 
November  18,  1866,  when  the  renovated  church  was  opened 
for  divine  worship.  The  opening  sermon  was  preached  by 
Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.D.;  and  Reverends  John  Bachman, 
D.D.,  A.  R.  Rude,  D.D.,  T.  S.  Boinest,  J.  H.  Honour,  D.D., 
Emanuel  Caughman  and  Pastor  Bowman  took  part  in  the 
services.* 

From  that  period  St.  Andrew's  Church  has  moved  onward 
with  unvarying  degrees  of  success  and  for  years  has  been 
a  power  in  our  Southern  Church.  It  now  has  a  member- 
ship of  over  500,  an  enrollment  of  253  in  the  Sunday  School, 
a  property  value  of  $81,000,  a  splendid  parish  house  and 
all  the  essentials  of  a  well  equipped  sanctuary. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  here:  Reverends 
G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.D.,  W.  S.  Bowman,  D.D.,  Luther  K. 
Probst,  D.D.,  R.  C.  Holland,  D.D.,  J.  A.  B.  Scherer,  D.D., 
M.  G.  G.  Scherer,  D.D.,  and  J.  Howard  Worth,  the  present 
pastor. 

The  South  Carolina  Synod  has  held  several  conventions 
in  this  church.  Rev.  Paul  E.  Scherer,  D.D.,  now  of  New  York 
City,  entered  the  ministry  as  a  son  of  this  congregation. 
This  church  has  contributed  liberally  to  all  the  enterprises 
of  the  synod  and  the  Church  at  large. 


*(See  Schirmer's   Sketch,   pp.   26-28.) 


196         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Providence  Church,  Lexington  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1866  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  J.  N.  Derrick.  In  the  parochial  table  of  that 
year  this  church  alone  is  named  as  constituting  Rev.  J.  N. 
Derrick's  charge,  and  the  number  of  communicants  is  put 
down  as  sixty-five,  with  twenty-four  confirmations. 

This  new  congregation  was  composed  chiefly  of  members 
of  St.  Stephen's  Church,  living  three  miles  from  the  town. 
The  church  was  built  but  was  not  dedicated  until  1869,  the 
service  being  conducted  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Boinest,  who  was  then 
president  of  the  synod.  In  1867  the  congregation  was  served 
by  Rev.  J.  N.  Derrick  (together  with  Bethel  and  St.  Michael's 
Churches). 

The  original  building  remains,  although  having  been  re- 
modeled. 

The  pastors  have  been  the  following:  Reverends  J.  N. 
Derrick,  1866-70;  J.  H.  Bailey,  1871-81;  J.  Q.  Wertz,  1881- 
82;  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  1883-88;  S.  S.  Rahn,  1889;  J.  G. 
Graichen,  1889-95;  C.  P.  Boozer,  1899-1900;  George  S. 
Bearden,  1901-04;  J.  W.  Nease,  1905-06;  B.  W.  Cronk, 
1907-09;  P.  D.  Risinger,  1912-16,  and  0.  B.  Shearouse,  the 
present  pastor   (since   1917). 

The  present  membership  is  125;  total  Sunday  School  en- 
rollment, 86.     The  property  value  is  $4,000. 

Bethany  Church,  Edmund,  Lexington  County 

This  congregation  came  into  being  in  1871,  and,  as  Rev. 
J.  B.  Lowman  is  named  as  the  first  pastor,  he  must  have  been 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  church.  For  two  years  services 
were  held  under  a  "brush  arbor",  somewhat  after  the  cus- 
tom of  the  wandering  Jews  of  old  in  their  "Feast  of  Weeks", 
or  "Feast  of  Harvest".  Then  a  very  plain  structure  took  the 
place  of  the  arbor.  This  was  later  replaced  by  a  better 
building  which  the  congregation  is  still  using,  although  feel- 
ing the  need  of  a  modern  church,  suited  to  its  present  con- 
dition. This  church  has  been  isolated  as  to  its  relation  to 
other  Lutheran  congregations  and  this  has  rendered  it  diffi- 
cult to  form  such  pastoral  relations  as  would  be  conducive 


History  of  Congregations  197 

to  its  rapid  growth  and  development.  A  more  desirable  loca- 
tion and  a  new  church  are  things  now  in  the  minds  of  the 
members,  and  with  these  a  brighter  day  will  come. 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  church:  Rever- 
ends J.  B.  Lowman,  Drewry  Kyzer,  David  Shealy,  J.  H. 
Bailey,  S.  P.  Shumpert,  A.  R.  Taylor  and  C.  J.  Sox,  the  pres- 
ent pastor. 

St.  James'  Church,  Summit 

This  congregation  was  organized  April  17,  1873.  The 
number  of  members  at  the  time  of  organization  was  thirty- 
one,  and  Rev.  A.  L.  Grouse  was  elected  pastor. 

The  cornerstone  was  laid  July  17,  1873,  the  services  being 
conducted  by  Reverends  Daniel  Efird  and  A.  L.  Grouse.  A 
neat  building  was  erected. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  to  this  congrega- 
tion: Reverends  A,  L.  Grouse,  E.  L.  Lybrand,  E.  J.  Sox,  W. 
H.  Roof,  B.  D.  Wessinger,  J.  G,  Wessinger,  F.  K.  Roof.  The 
present  pastor  is  Rev.  W.  D,  Wise. 

There  are  now  158  members  and  a  Sunday  School  enroll- 
ment of  131.     The  property  value  is  $2,300. 

Wittenberg  Church,  Leesville 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1870,  the  first  pas- 
tor being  Rev.  Samuel  Bouknight.  Originally  the  name  was 
Luther  Ghapel,  which  was  changed  to  Wittenberg  in  1917 — 
the  year  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Reforma- 
tion. 

The  first  building,  erected  in  1874  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  Samuel  Bouknight,  was  a  frame  structure;  the  second 
was  erected  in  1887  when  Rev.  L.  E.  Busby,  D.D,,  was  pas- 
tor. The  present  church  was  built  in  1918,  Rev.  V.  Y. 
Boozer,  D.D.,  being  pastor.  This  is  constructed  of  red  brick 
and  is  a  large  and  churchly  edifice,  having  a  Sunday  School 
department,  the  whole  costing  $26,000.  This  house  of  wor- 
ship was  dedicated  March  3,  1919,  the  sermon  being  preached 
by  Rev.  H.  J.  Black,  president  of  synod,  the  pastor  and  Rev. 
P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  conducting  the  service  of  consecration. 


198         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

In  the  Spring  of  1920  the  congregation  installed  a  two  man- 
ual Estey  pipe  organ.  The  church  in  all  of  its  appointments 
is  highly  creditable  to  pastor  and  people. 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Revs.  S.  Bouknight, 
1870-75;  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  1876-78;  L.  E.  Busby,  D.D., 
1878-94;  H.  P.  Counts,  1894-95;  J.  D.  Kinard,  1895-1903; 
D.  B.  Groseclose,  1903-08;  S.  C.  Ballentine,  1908-15;  W.  E. 
Schuette  (supply),  1915-16;  and  V.  Y.  Boozer,  D.D.,  1916- 
23  (June  1),  when  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Mad- 
ison, Va. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Oxner  is  a  son  of  this  congregation. 

The  membership  is  now  219;  the  Sunday  School  has  an 
enrollment  of  145,  and  the  property  is  valued  at  $34,700. 

St.  TKomas'  Church,  near  Chapin 

This  church  was  organized  in  1876,  of  members  princi- 
pally of  St.  Peter's  Church  (Piney  Woods),  together  with  a 
few  others  from  the  surrounding  churches,  under  Rev.  A. 
L.  Crouse. 

The  congregation  worshiped  for  several  years  in  a  dwell- 
ing-house which  was  built  by  Wesley  Wessinger.  A  house 
of  worship  was  built  in  1899,  practically  at  the  same  place 
as  the  dwelling  house. 

The  following  pastors  served  it:  Reverends  A.  L.  Crouse, 
J.  S.  Koiner,  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  W.  L.  Darr,  Jacob  Wike,  J.  F. 
Deal,  Enoch  Hite,  0.  B.  Shearouse,  W.  J.  Roof,  J.  C.  Wes- 
singer and  R.  M.  Carpenter. 

The  congregation  was  first  connected  with  the  Tennessee 
Synod,  afterward  with  the  North  Carolina  Synod  and  later 
with  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  the  latter  changes  occurring 
in  the  process  of  the  reunion  of  the  Lutheran  Synods  in  the 
South. 

Reverends  B.  D.  Wessinger,  E.  L.  Wessinger,  J.  C.  Wes- 
singer and  J.  P.  Derrick  are  sons  of  this  congregation. 

Mt.  Pleasant  Church,  near  Gilbert 

The  date  of  organization  is  1875,  but  the  records  fail  to 
indicate  the  building  of  the  church.    At  the  meeting  of  synod 


History  of  Congregations  199 

in  1877  the  president  of  synod  stated  that  Rev,  H.  W.  Kuhns 
reported  that  he  had  dedicated  Mt.  Pleasant  Church  in  Lex- 
ington County  on  June  24,  1877;  it  was,  however,  not  until 
the  convention  of  1879  that  this  congregation,  upon  appli- 
cation, was  received  into  the  synod. 

At  the  convention  of  1880  it  was  reported  that  in  Decem- 
ber, 1879,  Rev.  A.  W.  Lindler  had  accepted  a  call  to  this 
church  and  had  entered  upon  his  work  there  as  pastor. 

This  congregation  has  suffered  much  loss  in  membership 
by  death  and  removals. 

The  following  pastors  are  given  as  having  served  this 
church:  Reverends  A.  W.  Lindler,  C.  P.  Boozer,  J.  D. 
Shealy,  H.  A.  McCullough,  0.  C.  Petersen,  E.  C.  Witt,  and 
J.  D.  Shealy,  the  present  pastor. 

The  number  of  members  is  now  100,  with  a  total  Sunday 
School  enrollment  of  63.     Property  value  $1,320. 

St.  Johannes'  Cnurcn,  Charleston 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1878  by  Rev.  Johannes 
Heckel,  who  was  then  a  member  of  the  Synod  of  Ohio.  When 
St.  Matthew's  congregation  built  a  new  church  up-town,  they 
sold  the  old  church  on  Hasell  Street  to  other  parties,  which 
occupied  the  building  up  to  about  1878.  Then  the  German 
people  who  lived  in  the  locality  of  the  old  church  bought  it 
back,  and  greatly  improved  and  handsomely  furnished  it. 

In  October,  1878,  the  church  was  dedicated  under  the 
name  of  "St.  Johannes'  German  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church".  Pastor  Heckel  united  with  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  at  the  convention  held  in  November,  1878. 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  congregation:  Rev. 
Johannes  Heckel,  1878-90;  Rev.  Karl  Bolt,  1890-94;  Rev. 
A.  Freyschmidt,  1894-97;  Rev.  Karl  Bolt,  1897-1903,  when 
he  was  called  to  his  heavenly  reward.  Tlien  Rev.  Charles 
Koerner  was  pastor  1903-09;  Rev.  F.  W.  Hoppe,  1909-10; 
Rev.  H.  J.  Black,  1910-20,  when  he  was  elected  the  first  sal- 
aried president  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  Rev,  L  E. 
Long  then  became  pastor  and  is  still  serving  the  congrega- 
tion. 


200         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

In  1910  the  use  of  the  German  language  in  the  worship 
and  in  the  instruction  of  the  congregation  was  discontinued. 
In  1921  an  adjoining  lot  was  purchased,  the  church  plant 
was  enlarged  and  a  modem  parish  house  was  erected.  The 
church  now  has  an  enrolled  membership  of  over  400,  and 
a  property  value  of  considerably  more  than  $50,000. 

St.  Andrew  s  Church,  near  Blytnewood 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1878,  presumably  by 
Rev.  E.  L.  Lybrand,  as  he  was  its  first  pastor.  Reverends 
J.  A.  Cromer  and  J.  W.  Oxner  were  the  next  pastors. 

These  few  facts  alone  were  furnished. 

Pisgah  Church,  Lexington  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1879  and  the  church 
was  erected  in  1880.  A  lot  given  jointly  by  Messrs.  M.  L. 
Taylor,  M.  L.  Kyser,  John  J.  Taylor  and  J.  J.  Kyser,  was 
used  as  the  site,  five  acres  in  all,  and  on  this  lot  a  neat  church 
stands. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  to  this  congrega- 
tion: Reverends  Barney  Kreps,  J.  D.  Shealy,  Drewry  Kyzer, 
J.  G.  Graichen,  J.  W.  Nease,  B.  W.  Cronk,  P.  D.  Risinger, 
and  the  present  pastor,  0.  B.  Shearouse. 

The  membership  is  now  100,  with  a  total  Sunday  School 
enrollment  of  88.     The  property  value  is  $1,100. 

Mt.  Tabor  Church,  New^berry  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1880  under  the  minis- 
try of  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  and  was  made  up  of  members 
from  other  Lutheran  churches  living  in  that  community.  The 
people  in  that  section  have  always  been  noted  for  industry, 
frugality,  honesty  and  moral  integrity;  they  have  been  noted 
also  for  church-going  habits  and  for  living  the  faith  they 
confess. 

In  connection  with  St.  Paul's  Church,  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh 
preached  here  for  many  years,  but  in  the  arrangement  of 
pastorates  Mt.  Tabor  was  served  successively  by  Reverends 
T.  0.  Keister,  S.  T.  Hallman,  W.  H.  Hiller,  W.  A.  Lutz,  M. 


History  of  Congregations  201 

0.  J.  Kreps,  E.  W.  Leslie,  J.  B.  Harman,    and  Rev,  J.  L. 
Cromer,  the  present  pastor. 

We  have  no  definite  information  as  to  the  building  of  Mt. 
Tabor  church,  but  in  the  minutes  of  the  synod  of  1880  we 
find  that  the  church  was  dedicated  on  September  5,  1880, 
and  its  life  has  gone  on  quietly  and  successfully  from  that 
day  to  this.  It  now  has  a  confirmed  membership  of  upwards 
of  200,  a  Sunday  School  enrollment  of  over  150,  a  splendid 
parsonage,  and  is  now  planning  for  the  erection  of  a  more 
substantial  church  building.  Its  future  is  therefore  full  of 
promise  for  greater  and  better  things. 

Mt.  Tabor  Church,  New  Brookland 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1880  with  twenty-two 
charter  members,  Rev.  E.  L.  Lybrand,  pastor.  Pastor  Ly- 
brand  served  the  congregation  until  1918,  when  he  became 
pastor  emeritus.  He  died  in  1918  and  Rev.  J.  W.  Oxner 
became  pastor  in  that  year  and  is  the  pastor  at  the  present 
time. 

The  congregation  has  a  membership  of  270.  The  remains 
of  Rev.  E.  L,  Lybrand,  for  so  long  the  beloved  pastor  of 
Mt.  Tabor,  rest  in  the  church  cemetery. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Roof  is  a  son  of  the  congregation. 

This  church  belonged  to  the  Tennessee  Synod  until  1921. 
After  the  merging  of  the  Tennessee  and  North  Carolina  Syn- 
ods, it  was  connected  with  the  latter  synod  until  1922.  Since 
that  time  it  has  been  in  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Philip's  Church,  Newberry  County 

St.  Philip's  Church  was  organized  by  Rev.  H.  S.  Wingard 
in  August,  1881,  while  he  was  pastor  of  Bethlehem  charge. 
The  organization  was  perfected  in  the  home  of  Mr,  Philip 
Sligh  and  the  church  building  was  erected  in  the  same  year. 
The  building  was  dedicated  November  5,  1882.  The  pas- 
tor was  assisted  in  the  dedicatory  services  by  Rev.  J.  Stack, 
D.D.  Rev.  Mr.  Wingard  was  succeeded  as  pastor  by  Rev. 
S.  T.  Hallman,  December  2,  1883,  and  he  was  succeeded  by 
H.  F.  Scheele,  theological  student,  June  6,  1888,  who  served 


202         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

as  pastor-supply.  Rev.  J.  H.  Wyse  was  called  and  became 
pastor  February  2,  1890,  and  served  the  congregation  two 
years.  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh  began  work  as  supply  pastor  the 
first  Sunday  in  December,  1892,  for  one  year.  Rev.  Dr. 
Sligh  was  assisted  in  the  work  by  his  son.  Rev.  W.  K.  Sligh. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles  succeeded  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  December  9, 
1893,  and  served  as  pastor  to  October  2,  1898.  Rev.  J.  J. 
Long  was  called  as  supply  pastor  and  served  until  October, 
1900.  Rev.  Dr.  Hallman  was  again  called  and  served  St. 
Philip's,  together  with  Mt.  Olivet  and  Bachman  Chapel  as 
a  pastorate,  until  January,  1901.  Rev.  H.  P.  Counts  was 
called  to  become  pastor  of  St.  Philip's  and  Bachman  Chapel 
and  took  charge  February  3,  1901.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  P.  H.  E.  Derrick,  March,  1902,  and  he  served  until 
1905.  Rev.  Mr.  Derrick  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Wes- 
singer,  November  26,  1905,  and  continued  as  pastor  until 
March  28,  1909.  Rev.  J.  J.  Long  served  from  April  11, 
1909,  to  October  16,  1910. 

At  this  time  a  new  pastorate  was  formed,  composed  of 
St.  Paul's,  St.  Philip's  and  Bachman  Chapel.  This  pastor- 
ate called  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  as  pastor  and  Rev.  Y.  von  A. 
Riser  as  assistant.  Dr.  Sligh  having  retired  from  the  active 
ministry.  Rev.  Mr.  Riser  became  pastor.  During  his  term  as 
pastor  the  old  church  building  was  removed  and  the  pres- 
ent one  erected  in  1914.  Rev.  Mr.  Riser  served  until  Jan- 
uary, 1915,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  A.  J.  Bowers, 
D.D.,  whose  services  embraced  a  period  of  one  year.  Rev. 
S.  P.  Koon,  the  next  pastor,  entered  upon  the  work  Decem- 
ber 10,  1916.  Under  his  administration  the  debt  on  the  new 
church  has  been  paid  oflF  and  additional  improvements  made 
in  1922.  April  28,  1923,  the  church  building  was  dedicated 
free  of  debt. 

The  congregation  now  numbers  240  members,  with  109 
in  the  Sunday  School,  and  reports  a  church  property  value 
of  $4,500. 

St.  Paul's  Churck,  Columbia 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1886,  a  tentative  or- 
ganization being  effected  November  22  of  that  year.     The 


History  of  Congregations  203 

congregation  was  served  by  several  ministers  of  the  synod 
the  first  year.  The  permanent  organization  was  completed 
December  12,  1886,  when  it  adopted  the  constitution  for 
congregations  recommended  by  the  synod.  Rev.  E.  A. 
Wingard,  D.D.,  was  called  and  became  the  first  pastor.  The 
congregation  prior  to  the  calling  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wingard  had 
been  served  by  different  pastors  of  the  synod,  Reverends  C. 
P.  Boozer,  J.  A.  Sligh,  S.  T.  Hallman,  Jacob  Hawkins  and 
others.  The  congregation  was  organized  with  twenty-nine 
charter  members,  fifty  pupils  being  in  the  Sunday  School. 
A  lot  was  purchased  at  the  corner  of  Bull  and  Blanding 
Streets  and  a  neat  chapel  erected.  The  parsonage  was  lo- 
cated upon  that  part  of  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  church. 

An  incident  connected  with  St.  Paul's  Church  stands  with- 
out a  parallel  in  the  history  of  the  congregations  in  the  synod, 
or  perhaps  in  that  of  our  Church  in  this  country,  as  an  act 
of  devotion  and  self-denial  on  the  part  of  one  of  the  charter 
members,  when  Mr.  A.  D.  Haltiwanger  mortgaged  his  home 
in  order  to  secure  the  money  to  purchase  the  lot  for  the 
parsonage,  his  wife  readily  waiving  her  dower  at  the  time, 
notwithstanding  the  demands  upon  them  in  the  support  of 
quite  a  large  family  and  the  suffering  he  endured  periodi- 
cally as  the  result  of  a  severe  wound  which  he  had  received 
as  a  soldier  in  the  Confederate  War,  when  he  had  been  left 
on  the  battlefield  as  dead,  covered  by  a  blanket  of  snow. 
Both  of  these  faithful  Christians  have  gone  to  their  heavenly 
reward.     Their  works  do  follow  them. 

So  far  as  the  records  show  this  was  the  first  congregation 
organized  in  the  synod  on  a  self-sustaining  basis;  yet  the 
synod  advanced  $1,000  as  a  loan  to  the  congregation  in 
building  the  church.  At  the  convention  in  1902,  the  synod 
released  this  obligation  in  full,  by  request  of  the  church 
council,  which  assured  the  synod  that  being  relieved  of  this 
burden  the  members  would  prove  tlieir  appreciation  by  an 
increase  in  contributions  for  the  synodical  treasury.  The 
congregation  has  kept  faith  with  the  synod  by  its  growtli  in 
liberality,  as  is  shown  by  the  contributions  of  $118.01  lor 
benevolence  in  1901;  an  increase  of  $400  in  1908;  nearly 
four  times  as  much,  $1,981,  in  the  next  decade,  which  was 


204         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

more  than  trebled  by  the  amount  for  benevolence,  $4,353, 
in  1923. 

Durmg  the  summer  of  1901,  St.  Paul's  was  supplied  by 
theological  student  Edward  Fulenwider.  In  September  of 
that  year  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever  became  regular  pastor.  At  that 
time  the  membership  of  the  congregation,  a  little  less  than 
one  hundred,  was  burdened  with  a  heavy  debt.  Many  un- 
identified Lutherans  were  found  in  Columbia  and  suburbs 
and  their  interest  was  developed,  so  that  the  membership  be- 
gan to  increase  rapidly.  Small  improvements  were  under- 
taken on  the  property  which  led  to  the  building  of  an  addi- 
tion to  the  church,  to  the  installation  of  new  pews,  new  chancel 
furniture  and  a  pipe  organ.  Systematic  efforts  resulted  also 
in  the  steady  reduction  of  the  church  debt,  the  increase  in 
pastor's  salary  and  almost  phenomenal  increase  of  contri- 
butions to  benevolences.  The  congregation  furnished  sup- 
porters for  some  of  the  most  fruitful  enterprises  of  the 
Church  of  that  period,  notably  the  publication  interests  and 
the  Theological  Seminary.  It  was  about  1904  that  the  first 
vacation  Bible  school  was  held  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  the  pas- 
tor being  assisted  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Yonce,  then  a  seminary  stu- 
dent. That  was  the  first  school  of  its  kind  conducted  in  the 
country,  and  was  but  a  feature  of  the  emphasis  placed  by 
the  pastor  upon  thorough  religious  instruction  of  its  young. 
Pastor  Greever  resigned  as  pastor  in  1908  in  order  to  give 
his  entire  time  to  the  publication  work  of  the  United  Synod 
in  the  South,  at  which  time  the  membership  of  the  congre- 
gation was  about  450,  and  St.  Paul's  was  recognized  as  one 
of  the  leading  congregations  in  the  South. 

A  notable  event  in  the  history  of  St.  Paul's  Church  was 
the  cancellation  of  the  entire  debt,  when  Rev.  Dr.  Greever 
was  supply  pastor  during  a  vacancy  in  1911.  Four  years 
previously  half  of  the  debt  of  more  than  $5,000  had  been 
paid,  and  in  the  spring  of  1911  the  officers  of  the  church,  in 
view  of  recent  liberal  contributions  made  by  the  congregation 
for  missions,  education  and  other  causes  of  benevolence, 
including  the  amount  of  $2,000  for  the  location  of  the  The- 
ological Seminary  in  Columbia,  decided  to  ask  the  congrega- 
tion to   cancel  the  remaining  indebtedness  by   a  voluntary 


History  of  Congregations  205 

cash  offering  at  Easter.  The  announcement  of  the  offering 
was  made  two  weeks  in  advance  of  Easter  Sunday,  April  16, 
when,  after  a  special  service  of  song  and  prayer  following 
the  morning  worship,  the  offering  was  taken.  It  amounted 
to  $2,261.10,  which  was  not  sufficient  to  liquidate  the  debt 
of  $2,545,  but  within  a  few  minutes  the  balance  was  given 
readily  and  the  entire  debt  extinguished.  The  State  of  Mon- 
day, April  17,  in  nearly  a  column  account  of  the  offering, 
said:  '"It  is  stated  that  this  collection  is  perhaps  the  largest 
cash  offering  ever  made  by  any  congregation  in  the  history 
of  Columbia." 

Under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  McCullough  a  new  granite 
church  was  erected  in  1913  at  a  cost  of  $50,000.  The  orig- 
inal chapel  has  been  converted  into  a  modern  Sunday  School 
building  and  parish  house.  From  the  small  beginning  in 
1886  the  congregation  has  grown  to  655  members  in  1924, 
with  an  enrollment  of  461  in  the  Sunday  School  and  a 
church  property  of  $125,000  in  value. 

Unity,  harmony  and  a  laudable  aggressiveness  have  char- 
acterized the  entire  history  of  the  congregation.  Its  work 
and  finances  have  increased  in  like  proportion  and  today  St. 
Paul's  is  a  power  in  the  activities  of  its  home  city  and  the 
Southern  Church. 

The  terms  of  service  of  the  pastors  of  St.  Paul's  Church 
are  as  follows:  Reverends  E.  A.  Wingard,  D.D.,  (died  while 
pastor),  1887-1900;  W.  H.  Greever,  D.D.,  1901-08;  J.  D. 
Mauney,  1909-11.  Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough,  D.D.,  the  pres- 
ent pastor,  took  charge  in  1911.  That  the  congregation  has 
had  only  four  pastors  in  thirty-seven  years  speaks  volumes 
for  the  sound  judgment,  the  spirit  of  unity,  and  the  loyalty 
of  St.  Paul's  people. 

Rev.  George  S.  Bearden  is  a  son  of  this  congregation. 

Bacnman  Cnapel  Church,  Newberry  County 

Bachman  Chapel  Church  was  organized  with  forty  charter 
members  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  April  17,  1887.  At  first 
he  preached  in  the  Ridge  Road  schoolhouse  and  the  organi- 
zation was  called  Ridge  Road  Church. 


206         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

A  nice  church  building  was  soon  erected,  which  was  ded- 
icated free  of  debt  October  13,  1889.  This  service  was  con- 
ducted by  Revs.  J.  D.  Bowles  and  J.  A,  Sligh,  D.D.  The 
name,  Bachman  Chapel  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  was  at 
that  time  adopted  and  the  congregation  is  still  known  by  this 
name. 

Dr.  Sligh  continued  to  serve  the  congregation  until  1890. 
During  that  year  he  resigned  and  it  seems  that  the  congrega- 
tion was  vacant  until  1891.  Pastors  after  this  time  served  as 
follows:  Reverends  W.  A.  Julian,  1891-92;  C.  P.  Boozer, 
1892-93;  J.  D.  Bowles,  1893-94;  J.  A.  Sligh,  again,  1894- 
95;  C.  P.  Boozer,  again,  1896-99;  H.  P.  Counts,  1899-1901; 
P.  H.  E.  Derrick,  1901-05;  J.  C.  Wessinger,  1905-08;  P.  H. 
E.  Derrick,  supply,  1908-09. 

Bachman  Chapel  congregation  in  1909  passed  into  the 
St.  Paul's  Pastorate,  when  Rev.  J.  A.  Sligh,  D.D.,  took  charge 
a  third  time,  but  on  account  of  his  advanced  age  he  was 
assisted  by  Rev.  Y.  von  A.  Riser.  Dr.  Sligh  continued  for 
one  year,  leaving  the  work  in  1911.  Rev.  Mr.  Riser  then 
served  alone  and  continued  until  1915. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Harman  took  charge  in  1915,  and  served  for 
one  year.  He  was  succeeded  in  1916  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Koon, 
who  is  still  pastor. 

The  communicant  membership  is  at  present  more  than  one 
hundred.  The  first  church  building  is  still  used  and  is  in 
good  condition,  but  is  too  small  for  the  congregation.  Plans 
are  now  being  made  to  enlarge  the  church.  Its  present  value 
is  $1,300.  The  membership  numbers  eighty-five  and  the 
Sunday  School  ninety-three. 

Mt.  Hermon,  Peak 

This  congregation  was  organized  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  J.  B.  Fox  in  1889,  and  received  into  the  synod  in 
October,  1889.  Mr.  Brooks  Swygert  was  enrolled  as  the 
first  delegate  from  this  congregation.  The  membership  num- 
bered forty,  with  a  Sunday  School  enrollment  of  twenty-five. 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  congregation:  Rev- 
erends J.  B.  Fox,  A.  J.  Bowers,  W.  K.  Sligh,  A.  G.  Voigt, 


History  of  Congregations  207 

J.  D.  Kinard,  V.  Y.  Boozer,  S.  C.  Ballentine,  J.  B.  Haigler, 
V.  L.  Fulmer,  H.  S.  Petrea,  W.  A.  Button  and  J.  B.  Harman. 
The  property  value  of  the  church  is  listed  at  $2,800.  From 
the  location  of  the  church  near  the  river  and  not  far  from 
the  historic  old  St.  John's  Church,  its  growth  is  naturally  lim- 
ited, notwithstanding  the  fact  that  it  is  made  up  of  most 
excellent  people. 

St.  James'  Church,  Sumter 

The  Lutherans  of  Sumter  were  organized  into  a  congrega- 
tion March  11,  1890,  when  six  interested  Lutherans  were 
present  and  became  charter  members.  A  constitution  and  by- 
laws were  adopted,  and  on  the  following  day  officers  were 
elected  and  installed.  It  was  due  to  the  efforts  of  Rev.  F. 
W.  E.  Peschau,  D.D.,  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Wilming- 
ton, N.  C,  that  the  organization  was  effected,  as  he  had  be- 
come interested  in  the  members  of  our  Church  who  had  lo- 
cated at  Sumter,  and  he  had  visited  the  city  and  conducted 
services  frequently.  He  thus  directed  the  organization  of 
the  congregation  and  continued  his  pastoral  oversight  of 
Lutheran  interests  in  this  growing  city. 

It  was  not  until  June  13,  1893,  that  a  lot  was  secured  and 
plans  adopted  for  a  building  and  also  not  until  the  fall  of 
1896  that  the  church  was  erected.  In  the  meantime  services 
were  held  in  some  of  the  local  churches  and  in  a  hall  over 
a  store. 

Dr.  Peschau  served  the  congregation  with  services  in  con- 
nection with  his  pastorate  at  Wilmington  from  the  date  of 
the  organization  in  1896,  with  the  exception  of  two  months' 
service  in  the  summer  of  1894  by  theological  student,  D.  R. 
Sumstine,  and  also  a  few  services  held  by  Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk, 
neighboring  pastor,  and  Rev.  J.  C.  Seegers. 

Rev.  J.  C.  Trauger  became  the  first  regular  pastor  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1896,  and  his  service  extended  to  August,  1897.  Dur 
ing  his  administration  the  church  was  erected  and  occupied 
and  the  congregation,  together  with  St.  Lul<:e's,  Florence,  was 
constituted  a  pastorate.  Following  the  resignation  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Trauger,  theological  students  Y.  von  A.  Riser  and  Wil- 


208         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

bur  H.  Riser  acted  as  supply  pastors  until  the  former  became 
regular  pastor  in  February,  1908, 

In  October,  1900,  the  union  with  St,  Luke's,  Florence,  was 
dissolved  and  the  congregation  became  associated  in  a  pas- 
torate with  Orangeburg  Lutheran  Church,  This  arrangement 
ceased  early  in  the  fall  of  1902,  while  Rev,  H,  C.  Grossman 
was  pastor,  and  at  the  meeting  of  synod  held  the  following 
month,  St,  James'  was  again  placed  with  Florence;  but  it 
seems  that  the  Florence  congregation  had  disbanded  and  St. 
James'  decided  to  become  an  individual  pastorate,  provided 
aid  could  be  secured  from  the  Executive  Committee  of  synod. 
Rev,  Mr,  Grossman  then  resigned  the  Orangeburg  Church  to 
serve  St,  James'  Church,  but  he  served  only  a  few  months, 
resigning  January  1,  1903, 

A  vacancy  of  five  months  then  ensued,  services  being  sup- 
plied by  theological  students  from  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Mt,  Pleasant,  Charleston.  The  services  of  regular  pas- 
tors were  resumed  June  1,  1904,  when  Rev,  Thaddeus  B, 
Epting  took  charge.  It  was  during  his  administration  that 
at  the  Christmas  festival  of  1905  the  church  was  freed  from 
debt  by  a  gift  of  $300  from  Mrs,  Maggie  E,  Laughrey,  and 
also  in  1907  that  substantial  improvements  to  the  church 
were  made. 

Rev.  Mr,  Epting  served  four  years,  until  June  1,  1908, 
when  a  vacancy  of  one  year  occurred.  Then  the  congrega- 
tion had  the  service  of  a  regular  pastor  until  October,  1912. 
A  vacancy  of  two  years  ensued  (services  being  supplied  by 
theological  students,  as  in  all  other  similar  periods),  when 
Rev,  J,  H,  Wilson,  D.D,,  took  charge  in  January,  1914.  His 
death  occurred  July  11,  1919.  The  congregation  had  no 
regular  pastor  for  a  year,  when  Rev.  J.  P,  Derrick  took  charge 
June  1,  1920, 

Following  is  the  record  of  service  of  all  the  regular  pas- 
tors: Reverends  J,  C.  Trauger,  1896-97;  Y.  von  A,  Riser, 
1898-1900;  H,  C,  Grossman,  1901-03;  T.  B,  Epting,  1904- 
08;  E,  H.  Kohn,  1909-11;  W,  H,  Davidson  (May-October), 
1912;  J.  H.  Wilson,  1914-19;  J,  P.  Derrick,  1920-24. 

The  membership  is  75,  with  108  as  the  Sunday  School 
enrollment,  and  the  church  property  value  is  $7,500. 


History  of  Congregations  209 

St.  Mattnew  s  Cnurcn,  near  Lexington 

This  church  was  organized  in  1890,  and  since  Rev.  Drewry 
Kyzer  was  the  first  supply  pastor  the  organization  must  have 
come  about  through  his  ministry.  This  congregation  seems 
never  to  have  had  a  regular  pastor,  but  has  been  supplied 
by  the  following:  Reverends  D.  Kyzer,  S.  P.  Shumpert,  A. 
R.  Taylor,  J.  D.  Shealy,  W.  H.  Riser,  and  A.  B.  Obenschain. 

The  membership  is  117,  with  a  total  Sunday  School  en- 
rollment of  75.    The  property  value  is  $1,200. 

Mt.  Horet)  Churck,  Chapin 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1891,  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  W.  L.  Darr,  with  about  25  members,  and  has 
now  260,  which  increase  shows  the  wisdom  of  its  founders 
and  the  need  for  its  existence.  The  following  pastors  have 
ministered  to  the  spiritual  needs  of  the  congregation:  Rev- 
erends W.  L.  Darr,  Jacob  Wike,  J.  F.  Deal,  0.  B.  Shearouse, 
Enoch  Hite,  W.  J.  Roof,  J.  L.  Cromer  and  J.  M.  Senter,  the 
present  pastor. 

To  the  credit  of  the  congregation  and  of  its  pastors  stands 
the  fact  that  four  of  its  sons  have  entered  the  ministry: 
Reverends  S.  P.  Koon,  J.  J.  Bickley,  B.  J.  Wessinger  and 
J.  E.  Stockman. 

The  first  church  was  erected  in  1893,  the  second  in  1917, 
a  substantial  and  commodious  brick  building,  churchly  in 
all  of  its  appointments. 

Holy  Trinity  Church,  Little  Mountain 

This  congregation  was  organized  January  1,  1891,  with 
Rev.  J.  K.  Efird  as  its  first  pastor,  who  was  twice  pastor. 
Rev.  A.  G.  Voigt,  D.D.,  was  supply  pastor,  and  then  Rev. 
S.  L.  Nease  was  also  twice  the  pastor,  followed  by  Reverends 
H.  P.  Counts,  0.  B.  Shearouse,  John  J.  Long  and  J.  B. 
Harman. 

Reverends  L.  P.  Boland  and  H.  D.  Chapman  entered  the 
ministry  as  sons  of  this  congregation. 


210         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  present  commodious,  substantial  and  churchly  brick 
house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1917  at  a  cost  of  $14,000, 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  John  J.  Long,  D.D.,  and  dedicated 
June  18,  1922.  The  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  A.  G. 
Voigt,  D.D.,  LL.D.  The  president  of  synod,  Rev.  H.  J.  Black, 
and  Reverends  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  J.  C,  Wessinger  and  Pas- 
tor Long  took  part  in  the  services.  The  South  Carolina  Synod 
met  in  the  old  building  in  October,  1902,  and  the  synod  was 
convened  in  the  new  church,  November  3-6,  1919.  The 
Young  People's  Federation  met  here  in  1921. 

Holy  Trinity  is  now  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive 
and  most  efficient  congregations  in  the  synod.  Its  member- 
ship is  300,  with  211  in  the  Sunday  School.  Its  church 
property  is  valued  at  $16,000. 

St.  Luke's  Church,  SummerviUe 

This  congregation  was  organized  August  13,  1892.  The 
cornerstone  was  laid  in  January,  1893,  and  in  May  of  that 
year  the  house  of  worship  was  dedicated,  the  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  R.  C.  Holland,  D.D.;  Rev.  Louis  Mueller, 
D.D.,  and  Rev.  W.  A.  C.  Mueller  assisted  in  the  service. 

The  original  membership  was  composed  chiefly  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  churches  in  Charleston  and  the  city 
pastors  took  special  interest  in  this  organization  and  in  its 
future  progress,  and  often  ministered  to  them  in  its  early 
history. 

The  congregation  is  now  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev. 
G.  W.  Nelson,  and  is  growing  in  numerical  strength  and 
efficiency.  The  membership  is  106,  and  the  Sunday  School 
enrollment  108.     The  property  value  is  $7,000. 

Grace  Church,  Gilbert 

This  congregation  was  organized  at  Gilbert  by  Rev.  J.  A. 
Cromer,  August  13,  1893.  Rev.  J.  A.  Cromer  was  elected 
pastor  September  10,  1893,  and  the  church  was  dedicated 
September  30,  1894.  The  following  pastors  have  served 
the  congregation:  Reverends  J.  A.  Cromer,  B.  D.  Wessinger, 
J.  L.  Grouse,  J.  K.  Efird,  G.  A.  Stoudemayer,  L.  L.  Lohr, 
Rev.  Theo.  C.  Parker  is  the  present  pastor. 


History  of  Congregations  211 

Mt.  Vernon  Church,  White  Rock 

This  church  was  organized  in  1892,  and  was  served  by 
theological  student  H.  A.  McCullough.  The  church  build- 
ing was  dedicated  in  1897,  the  pastor,  Rev.  S.  C.  Ballen- 
tine,  being  assisted  by  Reverends  W.  A.  Deaton  and  Jacob 
Wike,     The  present  membership  is  105. 

The  following  have  been  the  pastors  of  this  church:  Rev- 
erends S.  C.  Ballentine,  1894-05;  J.  B.  Haigler,  1905-12; 
V.  L.  Fulmer,  1913-15;  H.  S.  Petrea,  1915-18;  W.  A.  But- 
ton, 1919-21;  J.  B.  Harman,  1922-23. 

St.  John's   Church,   Steedman 

Organized  September  15,  1894.  Rev.  W.  K.  Roof  was 
the  first  pastor,  followed  by  Reverends  B.  D.  Wessinger,  J. 
L.  Cromer,  G.  A.  Stoudemayer  and  B.  J.  Wessinger. 

This  church  has  about  thirty-five  members  and  a  property 
value  of  $1,000. 

St.  Mark's  Church,  near  Fort  Motte 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1896.  The  pastors 
have  been  the  following:  Reverends  J.  H.  Wyse,  S.  L.  Nease, 
P.  D.  Risinger,  W.  B.  Aull,  L.  P.  Boland  and  E.  W.  Leslie. 
This  brings  its  history  of  pastoral  services  up  to  the  synod 
of  1921.  In  1922  Rev.  R.  R.  Sowers  supplied  the  congre- 
gation, but  at  the  synod  of  1923  it  was  reported  vacant. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Maynard,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  writes: 
"Our  little  congregation  has  married  off  and  moved  away 
to  such  an  extent  that  our  band  has  been  reduced  to  only  four 
active  members.  We  have  no  services  now,  but  our  little 
band  continues  to  keep  up  our  synodical  assessments  and 
other  dues." 

This  church,  being  in  a  section  in  w^hich  are  few  Lutherans, 
has  never  been  numerically  strong,  but  our  people  there  have 
been  faithful  and  true.  They  deserve  commendation  for 
their  devotion  to  the  faith  of  their  fathers  and  their  help- 
fulness in  the  work  of  the  synod. 


212         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

St.  Luke's  Church,  Florence 

This  church  was  organized  in  1896  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  J.  C.  Trauger,  with  twenty  members.  The  congrega- 
tion was  received  into  the  synod  under  the  care  of  its  Execu- 
tive Committee  on  Missions  and  placed  in  a  pastorate  with 
the  Sumter  congregation.  Rev.  J.  C.  Trauger  was  the  first 
pastor.  In  1897  he  resigned  and  for  a  time  the  church  was 
supplied  by  students  from  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Mt. 
Pleasant.  Rev.  Y.  von  A.  Riser  served  the  congregation,  to- 
gether with  St.  James'  Church,  Sumter,  for  some  years,  the 
pastorate  being  called  Sumter  and  Florence  mission.  The 
Committee  made  annual  appropriations  to  the  pastor's  sup- 
port. Pastor  Riser  resigned  the  mission  in  October,  1900. 
For  a  short  time  President  J.  A.  Morehead  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  made  an  earnest  effort  to  supply  Florence  with  the 
preached  Word,  but  that  service  did  not  seem  satisfactory  to 
the  congregation  and  it  was  discontinued. 

A  rather  dark  day  had  come  in  the  life  of  the  Florence 
congregation,  but  in  1902  the  church  was  again  placed  in  a 
pastorate  with  Sumter,  and  the  church  for  part  of  the  year 
had  been  supplied  by  students  from  our  Theological  Semi- 
nary, Rev.  T.  B.  Epting  was  called  to  that  mission,  and  in 
1905  he  reorganized  the  Florence  congregation,  and  from 
that  period  dates  its  renewed  life  and  growth.  At  the  con- 
vention of  synod  held  in  November,  1906,  the  Executive 
Committee  reports  that  "an  earnest  body  of  Lutherans  has 
rallied  around  him,  and  a  church  building  is  now  in  pro- 
cess of  construction".  By  November,  1907,  a  splendid  arti- 
ficial stone  building  was  nearly  completed,  and  the  mem- 
bership had  grown  to  thirty-two  faithful  workers. 

May  10,  1908,  Rev.  J.  L.  Yonce  was  installed  pastor  of 
St.  Luke's,  having  taken  charge  December  1,  1907,  and  the 
mission  was  looking  forward  to  a  self-sustaining  condition. 
By  November,  1909,  the  membership  had  grown  to  forty- 
six,  and  become  self-supporting.  Pastor  Yonce  resigned,  and 
June  1,  1910,  Rev.  H.  J.  Black  became  pastor,  but  he  was 
called  to  St.  Johannes'  Church,  Charleston,  and  soon  after 
the  Easter  of  1911  assumed  charge  at  that  place.     He  was 


History  of  Congregations  213 

succeeded  at  Florence  by  Rev.  W.  E.  Pugh,  who  was  ordained 
by  the  synod  in  1911.  He  resigned  October  1,  1913,  and 
was  followed  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Smith,  who  was  installed  July 
12,  1914.  He  resigned  November  1,  1917,  and  Rev.  H.  E. 
Beatty  was  installed  May  19,  1918,  remaining  until  March 
15,  1922.  Rev.  T.  S.  Brown  took  charge  June  1,  1922,  and 
is  the  present  pastor. 

The  membership  is  now  110.  There  are  60  on  the  Sun- 
day School  roll,  and  the  property  value  is  $16,500. 

Mt.  Hebron  Churck,  Saluda  County 

This  congregation  was  organized  September  19,  1898,  un- 
der the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  D.  Shealy,  and  was  received  into 
the  synod  at  the  annual  convention  of  that  year. 

The  following  ministers  have  served  this  congregation: 
Reverends  J.  D.  Shealy,  Jacob  Austin,  0.  C.  Petersen,  E.  C. 
Witt.     Rev.  J.  D.  Shealy  is  again  the  pastor. 

The  membership  is  not  large  but  active  and  faithful. 
There  are  now  122  members  enrolled  and  85  in  the  Sun- 
day School.     The  property  value  is  $1,840. 

Mayer  Memorial  Church,  Nev^berry 

This  congregation  was  organized  May  20,  1900,  under 
the  ministry  of  Rev.  Charles  H.  Armstrong,  Ph.D.,  and  the 
first  house  of  worship  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,500,  as  an 
expression  of  the  love  of  Dr.  0.  B.  Mayer  for  his  distin- 
guished father,  who  in  his  day  ranked  as  one  of  the  ablest 
scholars,  physicians  and  surgeons  of  South  Carolina.  He 
was  also  a  life-long  member  and  defender  of  the  faith  of 
the  Ludieran  Church.  A  professor  in  Newberry  College  once 
said,  "Dr.  Mayer  told  me  more  about  Greek  particles  than 
I  ever  knew."  His  son,  Dr.  0.  B.  Mayer,  was  equally  de- 
voted to  the  Christian  faith  as  confessed  by  our  Lutheran 
Church,  and  worthily  wore  the  mantle  of  his  noble  father. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  burned  on  January  12, 
1919,  but  by  October,  1919,  a  new  church  was  ready  for 
services.     On  the  first  Sunday  in  that  month  and  year,  it 


214         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

was  occupied,  and  on  January  1,  1921,  it  became  indepen- 
dent of  synodical  aid. 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  congregation:  Revs. 
Charles  H.  Armstrong,  1900-01;  J.  J.  Long,  1902-03;  R.  E. 
Livingston,  1903-04;  A.  J.  Bowers,  D.D.,  1905-06;  J.  D. 
Shealy,  1907-11;  E.  C.  Witt,  1911-12;  J.  B.  Harman,  1912- 
13;  W.  J.  Roof,  1913-14;  J.  A.  Shealy  and  A.  J.  Bowers, 
1914;  S.  P.  Koon,  1915;  W.  H.  Button  from  1917  to  the 
present  time. 

The  confirmed  membership  is  now  161;  the  Sunday  School 
enrollment  is  187,     The  property  value  is  $11,000. 

Enon  Church,  near  Leesville 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1901,  presumably 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  S.  P.  Shumpert,  he  being  the 
first  pastor.  However,  the  name  of  the  church  does  not  ap- 
pear until  the  convention  of  1903,  and  then  only  in  the  paro- 
chial table,  together  with  three  other  congregations  consti- 
tuting the  charge  of  Rev.  S.  P.  Shumpert.  The  church  was 
dedicated  May  8,  1904,  and  the  membership  was  then  thirty- 
seven,  with  an  enrollment  of  fifty  in  the  Sunday  School. 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  S.  P.  Shum- 
pert, A.  R.  Taylor,  P.  E.  Monroe.  Rev.  J.  D.  Shealy  is 
now  supplying  the  church. 

The  roll  shows  seventy-four  members  and  eighty-three 
officers  and  teachers  in  the  Sunday  School.  The  property 
value  is  $2,500. 

Pomaria  Church,  Pomaria 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1910  to  meet  the  needs 
of  the  growing  town  of  Pomaria.  The  name  of  the  town  is 
from  the  Latin  Pomarius,  of  or  belonging  to  fruit;  an  orchard 
— because  Mr.  William  Summer  had  established  a  prosper- 
ous fruit  nursery  near  that  station  on  the  Columbia  and 
Greenville  Railroad. 

The  congregation  was  received  into  the  synod  at  the  con- 
vention of  1910,  and  the  present  pastor  says,  "The  church 
was  built  some  time  during  the  following  year." 


History  of  Congregations  215 

It  has  been  served  by  the  following  ministers:  Reverends 
J.  J.  Long,  I.  E.  Long,  J.  A.  Linn,  R.  H.  Anderson,  S.  C.  Bal- 
lentine,  Enoch  Hite,  H.  A.  Kistler,  and  J.  B.  Haigler,  the 
present  pastor.  It  now  has  seventy-five  confirmed  members 
and  a  Sunday  School  enrollment  of  eighty-one.  The  valua- 
tion of  the  church  property  is  $4,000. 

Mt.  Pleasant  Ckurck,  Saluda 

This  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  D.  B.  Groseclose, 
June,  1903.  The  membership  was  numerically  small  but 
made  up  of  excellent  people.  These  have  been  joined  by 
others,  and  from  the  beginning  they  have  been  making  steady 
progress. 

A  lot  was  secured,  a  church  was  built  and  it  was  dedicated 
in  the  spring  of  1914,  the  dedicatory  sermon  being  preached 
by  Rev.  A.  G.  Voigt,  D.D.,  LL.D.  The  pastor  at  that  time 
was  Rev.  S.  P.  Koon.  The  following  pastors  have  ministered 
to  this  congregation:  Reverends  J.  L.  Buck,  Charles  J.  Sox, 
N.  D.  Bodie,  S.  P.  Koon,  Wade  A.  Button,  George  S.  Bearden, 
and  the  present  pastor,  John  J.  Long,  D.D,  Pastor  Long 
writes:  "During  the  ministry  of  Rev.  George  S.  Bearden 
the  membership  was  greatly  increased." 

The  congregation  now  numbers  140.  On  April  10,  1924, 
it  began  an  effort  to  raise  $10,000  to  build  a  substantial  brick 
edifice.  In  seven  days  nearly  $9,000  was  raised  for  this  pur- 
pose and  the  new  church  is  assured. 

The  total  value  of  the  present  property  is  $4,500;  so  that 
the  new  church,  when  completed,  will  represent  a  property 
value  of  more  than  $15,000. 

Beginning  with  about  a  dozen  members,  this  is  a  highly 
commendable  record. 

Woman's  Memorial  Church,  Spartanburg 

This  congregation  was  organized  September  28,  1902,  by 
Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.D.,  then  missionary  in  the  Piedmont 
section  of  the  state.  There  were  seventeen  charter  members, 
and  Dr.  Hallman  has  been  the  only  pastor  to  this  date. 


216         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  church  was  built  on  faith  in  God  and  paid  for  with- 
out resort  to  any  money-raising  devices.  A  pipe  organ  and 
art  windows  came  in  the  same  way  of  faith.  About  200  Lu- 
therans have  come  in  and  moved  away  to  other  sections  since 
the  church  was  built  and  occupied  in  October,  1907;  and 
yet  there  is  a  baptized  membership  of  140,  with  100  in  the 
Sunday  School.     The  church  property  is  valued  at  $20,000. 

St.   Luke  s   Church,   Olympia  Avenue,   Columbia 

In  1902  the  Olympia  Mill  district  was  referred  to  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  by  the  Joint  Conference  made  up  of  the 
South  Carolina  Conference  of  the  Tennessee  Synod  and  the 
Central  Conference  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  The  report 
of  the  Committee  states  that  "by  actual  count,  there  are  sixty 
confirmed  members,  forty  ready  for  instruction  and  confirma- 
tion, and  seven  baptized  children  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
this  district."  But  at  the  synod  of  1903,  held  November  11- 
15,  the  Executive  Committee  and  Advisory  Board  of  Home 
Missions  reported  that,  up  to  that  time,  "It  has  been  impos- 
sible to  effect  an  organization,  and  the  work  is  yet  in  the 
experimental  stage." 

Then,  in  the  minutes  of  1904,  the  name  of  St.  Luke's 
Church  is  given  in  the  list  of  churches,  and  Rev.  C.  P. 
Boozer  had  been  called  by  the  Committee  and  had  taken 
charge  January  1,  1904.  He  was  "preaching  each  Lord's 
Day  for  the  Olympia  Mill  congregation  and  giving  several 
days  each  week  to  pastoral  visiting  and  other  work  connected 
with  the  mission." 

Strangely  enough,  the  exact  date  of  organization  does  not 
appear  in  the  synodical  records,  but  the  president's  report 
states  that  the  church  was  dedicated  October  15,  1905,  by 
Rev.  C.  P.  Boozer,  assisted  by  Reverends  W.  H.  Greever, 
C.  A.  Freed  and  W.  L.  Seabrook,  the  latter  preaching  the 
dedicatory  sermon. 

The  formal  organization,  then,  must  have  been  in  1904, 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  C.  P.  Boozer,  by  authority  of  the 
Executive  Committee  on  Missions. 


History  of  Congregations  217 

The  following  ministers  have  served  this  congregation: 
Reverends  H.  C.  Grossman,  C.  P.  Boozer,  C.  E.  Weltner, 
D.D.,  and  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.,  the  present  pastor,  who  has 
served  this  congregation  since  1913. 

A  fact  worthy  of  note  is  that  Rev.  C.  E.  Weltner  took  charge 
of  this  mission  March  1,  1906,  and  in  connection  with  his 
other  duties  conducted  a  school  for  the  training  of  deacon- 
esses, and  two  of  our  foreign  missionaries  received  training 
in  this  Inner  mission  school,  Miss  Gertrude  Simpson  and 
Miss  Mary  Lou  Bowers,  now  respectively  Mrs.  G.  C.  Leon- 
ard, Africa,  and  Mrs.  L.  G.  Gray,  Japan,  Miss  Lucy  Cope- 
land  also  received  training  under  Pastor  Weltner,  and  was 
employed  by  the  proprietors  of  the  several  mill  districts  in 
which  Rev.  Dr.  Weltner  labored,  to  do  welfare  work. 

Rev.  B.  M.  Clark  entered  the  ministry  from  this  congrega- 
tion. Together  with  the  names  of  the  several  pastors  of 
this  church,  the  names  of  Mrs.  C,  E.  Weltner  and  Mrs.  M. 
0.  J.  Kreps  will  ever  live  in  imperishable  memory  because 
of  their  efficient  labors  in  this  field. 

Fairfax  Cnurcn,  Fairfax 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  April,  1902,  under 
the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe;  but  preaching  ser- 
vices had  been  conducted  here  as  far  back  as  1893  by  Rev. 
J.  H.  Wilson,  D.D.,  and  the  church  was  erected  during  Dr. 
Wilson's  ministry.  No  organization,  however,  was  entered 
into  until  1902. 

The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Reverends  P.  E.  Mon- 
roe, 1902-08;  D.  B.  Groseclose,  1908-10;  W.  B.  Aull,  1911- 
13;  D.  B.  Groseclose,  1913  to  the  present.  Candidates  P.  E. 
Shealy  and  L  E.  Long  supplied  in  1909-10,  following  the 
division  of  the  Mt.  Pleasant  pastorate,  resulting  in  the  for- 
mation of  a  new  pastorate,  which  arrangement  enlarged  the 
interests  and  work  of  our  Church  in  that  section  of  the  state. 

The  membership  is  now  fifty-one,  with  thirty-two  in  the 
Sunday  School,  and  property  valued  at  $4,500. 


218         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Immanuel  Cnurcn,  Greenwood 

This  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman, 
D.D.,  September  21,  1902,  with  twenty-two  charter  members. 
Until  1904  services  were  held  twice  each  month,  but  the 
Executive  Committee  then  authorized  the  mission  pastor  to 
give  the  Greenwood  church  one  service  each  month.  The 
Sunday  School,  however,  was  conducted  regularly  every 
Lord's  Day.  In  1907  a  lot  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $1,400, 
chiefly  through  the  efforts  and  liberality  of  Mr.  Kenneth 
Baker,  and  plans  were  submitted  looking  to  the  erection  of 
a  building  to  cost  about  $1,500.  Later,  however,  it  was 
deemed  best  to  build  a  more  expensive  structure.  Accord- 
ingly, the  cornerstone  was  laid  June  17,  1910,  by  the  pas- 
tor and  Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles.  The  church  was  completed  and 
plans  were  put  in  operation  to  secure  a  pastor  who  could 
give  his  entire  time  to  this  church.  In  1912  Rev.  J.  D. 
Kinard,  D.D.,  became  pastor,  and  May  18,  1913,  the  church 
was  dedicated,  the  sermon  being  preached  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Hall- 
man,  D.D.,  and  the  pastor  conducting  the  dedicatory  services. 
Dr.  Kinard  closed  his  labors  there  June  1,  1918,  and  George 
S.  Bowden,  theological  student,  supplied  the  church  for  the 
four  remaining  months  of  the  synodical  year.  Rev.  A.  J. 
Bowers,  D.D.,  was  then  called  and  began  his  labors  May 
1,  1920.  In  July,  1920,  under  the  leadership  of  Dr.  Bow- 
ers a  congregation  was  organized  at  Clinton,  with  twenty 
members,  under  the  name  of  St.  John's.  For  the  time  being, 
this  pastorate  is  known  as  the  Greenwood-Clinton  mission. 
Because  of  impaired  health  Dr.  Bowers  relinquished  the  work 
and  Rev.  M.  R.  Wingard  was  called  and  began  his  labors 
January  1,  1924. 

In  addition  to  a  neat,  substantial  brick  church,  the  con- 
gregation has  an  excellent  parsonage  near  the  church.  The 
membership  is  now  nearly  fifty;  the  Sunday  school  has 
twenty-eight  scholars,  and  the  property  value  is  $12,500. 

St.  John's  Church,  Johnston 

This  congregation  was  organized  July  28,  1903,  under  the 
ministry  of  Rev.  James  D.  Kinard,  D.D.     He  was  succeeded 


History  of  Congregations  219 

by  Rev.  P.  D.  Risinger,  who  was  instrumental  in  building 
the  church.  The  congregation  had  seventeen  charter  mem- 
bers when  organized,  and  now,  1923,  has  ninety-three  mem- 
bers and  church  property  valued  at  $7,450. 

The  pastors  have  followed  each  other  in  the  following 
order:  Reverends  James  D.  Kinard,  P.  D.  Risinger,  D.  A. 
Sox,  P.  E.  Monroe,  M.  L.  Kester  and  James  D.  Kinard  (sec- 
ond term),  who  returned  to  this  pastorate  in  1918. 

The  church  was  dedicated  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev. 
P.  E.  Monroe. 

One  young  man  entered  the  ministry  from  this  congre- 
gation. 

Ehrkardt  Church,  Ehrhardt 

This  church  was  built  principally  by  Mr.  Conrad  Ehr- 
hardt, the  founder  of  the  town  of  that  name.  He  was  a 
native  of  Germany.  He  set  apart  a  lot  of  two  acres  of  land 
in  the  town  upon  which  he  built  a  nice  frame  church.  A  few 
friends  made  small  donations  towards  its  erection.  This 
building,  completely  furnished,  without  debt  or  incumbrance, 
was  given  to  the  congregation,  which  was  organized  April 
10,  1904.  The  congregation  was  organized  with  thirty-eight 
charter  members.  Of  these,  twenty  are  still  connected  with 
the  congregation.  The  first  service  in  the  church  was  held 
on  the  day  of  the  organization  of  the  congregation.  The 
first  pastor  was  Rev.  P.  E.  Monroe,  D.D.,  who  was  serving 
in  the  community  at  that  time.  Sunday,  April  24,  1904,  the 
church  was  dedicated.  The  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev. 
A.  G.  Voigt,  D.D.,  Dean  of  the  Lutheran  Theological  Semi- 
nary. The  Southern  Conference  was  being  held  in  this 
church  at  the  time  of  the  dedication.  Dr.  Monroe  resigned 
in  November,  1908.  Since  then  the  congregation  has  been 
served  by  the  following  pastors:  Reverends  D.  B.  Grose- 
close,  1908-13;  E.  F.  K.  Roof,  1914-17;  P.  D.  Risinger, 
1917-22;  Rev.  A.  W.  Ballentine,  1922-24. 

The  congregation,  (October  1,  1923)  has  a  confirmed 
membership  of  sixty-two;  Sunday  School,  teachers  and  schol- 
ars, fifty-six;  property  value  $2,000. 


220         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Aiken 

This  congregation  was  organized  December  8,  1907,  un- 
der the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  B.  Derrick,  with  sixteen  mem- 
bers. A  lot  was  purchased  in  October,  1908,  and  the  church 
was  erected  during  the  ensuing  summer.  The  original  cost 
was  $2, .500.  The  building  was  consecrated  September  9  of 
that  year.  Reverends  J.  B.  Derrick  and  W.  J.  Finck,  D.D., 
of  Augusta,  Ga.,  officiating. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Rev.  E.  A.  Bolles  taught  and 
preached  in  this  town  in  1848;  Rev.  N.  Aldrich  reported  to 
synod  in  1855  that  he  had  found  Lutherans  there,  and  in 
1857  this  point  was  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  synod.  It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  from  1848  up  to 
1907  the  Lutherans  of  Aiken  were  without  a  church  and  for 
various  reasons  waited  sixty  years  for  a  church  of  the  faith 
of  their  fathers.* 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  congregation:  Rev- 
erends J.  B.  Derrick,  1907-13;  theological  students,  1913- 
14;  H.  S.  Petrea,  summer  of  1914;  Herbert  C.  Bell,  1914- 
18;  H.  S.  Petrea,  1918-1924. 

Holy  Trinity  Cnurcn,  New  Brooklana 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  1908  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  D.  A.  Sox,  who  was  the  first  pastor.  It  was 
associated  with  St.  Luke's,  Columbia,  in  a  pastorate  which 
was  served  by  Rev.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.  Upon  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  pastorate  Rev.  D.  A.  Sox  again  became  pastor  and 
continued  this  relation  until  his  death  early  in  1922.  All 
other  services  have  been  under  supply  pastors  until  1923, 
when  Rev.  J.  C.  Wessinger  became  the  regular  pastor. 

The  present  membership  is  about  sixty,  with  fifty-five  en- 
rolled in  the  Sunday  School.  The  property  value  is  $1,200, 
and  the  total  benevolence  for  the  year  1923  was  nearly  $600. 
Despite  many  struggles  the  congregation  is  growing,  and  the 
prospect  is  brightening. 


*For   an   interesting:   history   of   the    Aiken    Lutheran    Church    see   Lutheran   Church 
Visitor,   March   9,   1916. 


History  of  Congregations  221 

Silver  Street  Church,  Silver  Street 

This  church  was  organized  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Koon  in  1908 
with  twenty-two  members,  and  was  received  into  the  synod  the 
same  year.  Pastor  Koon  served  the  congregation  until  1916, 
when  the  church  was  reported  vacant.  This  vacancy  con- 
tinued from  1916  to  1918;  but  in  1919  Rev.  Thomas  F. 
Suber  became  the  pastor,  and  served  the  church  until  June, 
1924,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  call  to  the  Church  of  the 
Incarnation,  Columbia. 

The  membership  is  194;  the  Sunday  School  totals  an  en- 
rollment of  122.  The  church  property  value  is  $6,000,  total 
benevolence  $1,914. 

Mr.  Boyd  Harman,  now  in  Newberry  College,  is  a  student 
for  the  ministry  from  this  congregation. 

Trinity  Church,  Greenville 

This  congregation  was  organized  August  29,  1909,  by 
Rev.  T.  B.  Epting,  with  twenty-seven  members  on  the  roll. 
Pastor  Epting  agreed  to  serve  the  congregation  until  Decem- 
ber 1,  1910.  Some  time  in  1911  this  became  a  mission  of 
the  United  Synod  in  the  South,  which  early  in  that  year  as- 
sumed the  general  oversight  of  the  mission.  A  lot  was 
bought  costing  $10,000.  Rev.  C.  Luther  Miller  took  charge 
early  in  1912.  A  pastor's  home  was  secured  and  all  neces- 
sary arrangements  were  made  for  the  vigorous  prosecution 
of  the  work.  The  church  was  then  known  as  the  First  Lu- 
theran Church  of  Greenville.  The  membership  numbered 
sixty.  The  cornerstone  of  the  church  was  laid  March  1, 
1914,  by  Reverends  Edward  Fulenwider  and  R.  S.  Patterson, 
D.D.,  who  was  then  the  Missionary  Secretary  of  the  United 
Synod,  and  the  pastor  C.  L.  Miller. 

The  convention  of  the  synod  in  1914  was  held  with  this 
congregation. 

Some  time  in  1920  the  name  of  the  church  was  changed 
from  the  First  Church  to  Trinity  Church,  and  it  so  appears 
in  the  minutes  of  the  synod  from  that  time. 


222         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

Rev.  C.  L.  Miller  resigned  in  1922.  Rev.  J.  L.  Smith 
received  and  accepted  a  call  and  entered  on  the  work  Jan- 
uary, 1923. 

The  congregation  now  has  a  beautifully  finished  stone 
church,  with  all  the  essentials  of  churchly  equipment.  The 
membership  is  now  184,  with  125  in  the  Sunday  School.  The 
property  value  is  $60,000. 

Mt.  Hermon  Cnurcn,  near  New  Brookland 

Mt.  Hermon  congregation  was  organized  about  1910  by 
Rev.  J.  A.  Cromer.  Its  membership  was  composed  of  mem- 
bers of  Zion  Church.  It  united  with  the  Tennessee  Synod 
upon  its  organization  and  remained  there  until  1921,  when 
it  joined  the  Tennessee  S\Tiod  in  forming  the  United  Synod 
of  North  Carolina,  and  along  with  other  congregations  united 
with  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922. 

The  present  house  of  worship  was  built  in  1911  on  land 
donated  by  T.  J.  Roof.  Rev.  J.  A.  Cromer  served  the  con- 
gregation until  his  death  in  1921.  Rev.  H.  A.  Kistler,  the 
present  pastor,  took  charge  in  1922. 

Summer  Memorial  Church,  Newberry 

This  church  was  organized  July  24,  1910,  by  Rev.  J.  D. 
Shealy.  Like  Mayer-Memorial  Church,  it,  too,  is  the  evi- 
dence of  filial  love,  having  been  established  by  Messrs. 
Charles  E.,  J.  H.,  and  George  W.  Summer  as  a  memorial 
to  their  father  and  mother,  George  W.  and  Martha  D.  Sum- 
mer. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  to  this  congrega- 
tion: Revs.  J.  D.  Shealy,  1910-11;  E.  C.  Witt,  1911-12;  J.  B. 
Harman,  1912-13;  W.  J.  Roof,  1913-14;  J.  A.  Shealy,  A. 
J.  Bowers,  D.D.,  1914-15;  S.  P.  Koon.  1915-16;  W.  H.  But- 
ton, the  present  pastor,  since  1917.  This  church  also  became 
independent  of  synodical  aid  on  January  1,  1921. 

The  confirmed  membership  is  now  100;  there  are  150  in 
the  Sunday  School.     The  property  value  is  $3,000. 


History  of  Congregations  223 

Good  Snepnerd,  Swansea 

This  church  was  organized  in  1912  under  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  W.  B.  Aull.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  March  2, 
1913,  by  the  pastor,  the  sermon  being  preached  by  the  pres- 
ident of  synod,  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever,  D.D.  The  property 
value  is  given  as  $2,000,  and  the  membership  is  increasing. 

The  following  pastors  have  served  this  congregation:  Rev- 
erends W.  B.  Aull,  D.  B.  Groseclose  and  B.  D.  Wessinger. 

Epiphany  Church,  St.  Matthews 

This  congregation  was  organized  May  26,  1912,  under  the 
ministry  of  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever,  D.D.,  and  has  been  sup- 
plied by  the  following  ministers:  Reverends  W.  H.  Greever, 
D.D.,  J.  L.  Yonce  and  C.  J.  Shealy. 

A  desirable  lot  was  donated  by  two  generous-hearted  mem- 
bers and  a  building  committee  was  appointed.  Any  infor- 
mation beyond  this  brief  statement  has  not  been  vouchsafed. 

St.  Barnabas'  Church,  Charleston 

This  congregation  was  organized  August  18,  1912,  al- 
though this  had  been  a  Sunday  School  for  a  number  of 
years,  under  the  auspices  of  other  Lutheran  churches  in  the 
city. 

At  the  convention  of  1911,  Hon.  John  D.  Cappelmann,  in 
behalf  of  St.  Barnabas'  Sunday  School,  asked  that,  if  possi- 
ble, this  work,  together  with  Mt.  Pleasant  and  Summerville, 
be  constituted  a  mission  pastorate.  At  the  convention  of 
1912,  the  president  of  synod  reported  that  this  had  been 
done,  and  that  Rev.  A.  G.  Voigt,  D.D.,  was  supplying  these 
churches.  June  14,  1913,  Rev.  Bernard  Repass  accepted  a 
call  to  St.  Barnabas'  Church,  the  congregation  then  worship- 
ing in  what  was  called  St.  Barnabas'  Chapel. 

It  was,  however,  not  until  the  convention  of  1920  that  the 
president  of  synod  reported  that  the  congregation  had  plans 
well  under  way  for  relocating  and  erecting  a  new  church 
edifice.  A  desirable  lot  had  been  purchased  in  a  rapidly 
growing  section  of  the  city.     The  cornerstone  of  the  new 


224         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

church  was  laid  March  27,  1921,  the  following  ministers 
taking  part  in  the  service:  Reverends  George  S.  Bowden, 
pastor;  H.  J.  Black,  president  of  synod;  A.  D.  R.  Hancher, 
Superintendent  of  Home  Missions  for  the  Southern  District; 
I,  E.  Long,  J.  H.  Worth,  S.  L,  Blomgren,  and  George  J. 
Gongaware,  D.D, 

This  new  church  was  dedicated  March  5,  1922,  with  ser- 
vices conducted  by  Rev.  George  S.  Bowden,  pastor.  The 
sermon  was  preached  by  the  president  of  synod.  Revs. 
George  J.  Gongaware,  D.D.,  W.  A.  C.  Mueller,  D.D.,  S.  L. 
Blomgren,  I.  E.  Long,  J.  Howard  Worth  and  0.  C.  Peter- 
sen took  part  in  the  services. 

The  following  pastors  have  ministered  to  this  congregation: 
Reverends  Bernard  Repass,  Arthur  M.  Huffman,  George  S. 
Bowden,  and  W.  J.  Roof,  the  present  pastor. 

The  membership  is  now  155.  There  are  251  in  the  Sun- 
day School  and  the  property  value  is  $32,000. 

Church  oi  the  Ascension,  Eau  Claire,  Columoia 

This  congregation  was  organized  through  the  zealous  ef- 
forts of  Rev.  W.  H.  Greever,  D.D.,  in  1912,  with  a  member- 
ship of  about  35.  It  has  been  self-sustaining  from  its  organ- 
ization, and  has  been  a  proportionate  supporter  of  the  gen- 
eral work  of  the  Church. 

It  has  an  attractive,  churchly  structure,  neat  and  inviting 
in  all  of  its  arrangements,  and  filling  an  important  mission 
in  that  beautiful  and  growing  suburb  of  Columbia.  Being 
near  the  Theological  Seminary,  it  forms  an  important  adjunct 
in  the  training  of  our  young  men,  and  at  the  same  time  it  is 
exerting  a  most  wholesome  and  helpful  influence  in  the  gen- 
eral community.  It  now  has  a  membership  of  200,  a  Sun- 
day School  enrollment  of  172,  with  a  property  value  of 
$25,000. 

In  1922  the  congregation  received  a  gift  of  a  pipe  organ 
costing  more  than  $5,000.  The  gift  was  made  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  P.  C.  Price  in  memory  of  their  son  George  Edward, 
who  died  in  infancy. 


History  of  Congregations  225 

Holy  Trinity  Church,  Pelion 

This  congregation  was  organized  September  21,  1913,  but 
by  whom  and  with  what  numerical  strength  has  not  been 
ascertained.  It  now  has  a  membership  of  twenty-five,  with 
thirty  in  the  Sunday  School,     The  property  value  is  $1,500. 

The  following  pastors  have  had  charge  of  this  congrega- 
tion: Reverends  B.  D.  Wessinger,  J.  L.  Cromer,  J.  K.  Efird, 
G.  A.  Stoudemayer  and  B.  J.  Wessinger. 

St.  John's  Church,  near  Irmo 

This  church  was  organized  in  1914,  presumably  under  the 
ministry  of  Rev.  J.  W.  Horine,  D.D.,  since  he  is  named  as 
the  first  pastor. 

About  six  years  before  the  formal  organization,  a  Sunday 
School  was  conducted  in  a  school  building.  The  attendance 
was  so  large  that  a  chapel  was  erected,  but  this,  too,  was  in- 
adequate, and  in  1922  the  congregation  decided  to  build  a 
better  house  of  worship.  They  now  have  a  very  neat  and 
substantial  church  which  meets  the  needs  of  the  congrega- 
tion. 

Rev.  W.  P.  Cline,  D.D.,  followed  Dr.  Horine,  and  students 
from  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Columbia  have  rendered 
valuable  service  to  this  small  but  faithful  flock.  Rev.  J.  M. 
Senter  is  the  present  supply-pastor. 

St.  John's  Church,  Clinton 

This  church  was  organized  by  Rev.  A.  J.  Bowers,  D.D., 
July  11,  1920,  with  twenty  members.  Under  the  able  min- 
istry of  Dr.  Bowers  this  young  congregation  began  life  with 
enthusiastic  devotion,  and  a  bright  future  is  predicted  for 
the  Lutheran  congregation  in  Clinton. 

In  1923  Rev.  Dr.  Bowers  resigned  the  Greenwood  Pastor- 
ate, of  which  St.  John's,  Clinton,  is  a  part,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  M.  R.  Wingard,  who  is  the  present  pastor  of  the 
congregation  at  Clinton,  having  begun  his  ministry  there  Jan- 
uary 1,  1924. 


226         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

The  membership  is  33.  The  Sunday  School  has  an  en- 
rolhnent  of  25.  The  valuation  of  church  property  is  $1,300. 
Plans  are  in  preparation  for  building  a  house  of  worship. 

Cnurcb  of  the   Incarnation,   Sbandon,   Columbia 

This  church  was  organized  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J. 
A.  Shealy  January  2,  1921.  It  is  located  in  the  section  of 
Columbia  called  Shandon,  and  began  its  life  on  a  self-sus- 
taining basis,  with  twenty-eight  charter  members.  Rev.  J. 
W.  Horine,  D.D.,  rendered  valuable  assistance  in  the  organ- 
ization of  this  church. 

The  lot  on  which  the  church  stands  is  140  by  218  feet  in 
size.  On  this  an  attractive  chapel  was  erected  in  three  work- 
ing days  by  the  members  themselves  to  serve  as  the  tempor- 
ary abode  of  the  congregation,  but  a  brick  or  stone  struc- 
ture is  being  planned  as  the  future  home  of  this  young  con- 
gregation. Pastor  J.  A.  Shealy  resigned  the  church  Easter, 
1924,  and  was  succeeded  on  June  1,  1924,  by  Rev.  Thomas 
F.  Suber. 

The  number  of  members  is  seventy-seven  and  the  Sunday 
School  numbers  seventy-six.     The  property  value  is  $7,000. 

Immanuel  Cnurcn,  Ridge  Spring 

This  congregation  was  organized  on  March  20,  1921,  un- 
der the  ministry  of  Rev.  James  D.  Kinard,  D.D.,  with  thirty- 
four  charter  members.  Although  one  of  the  youngest  con- 
gregations in  the  synod,  its  life  and  energy  are  shown  in  the 
devotion  of  its  members  to  a  progressive  church  life. 

In  October,  1921,  a  lot  was  purchased  and  a  building  was 
begun.  In  August,  1922,  the  cornerstone  was  laid  and  by 
April,  1923,  the  building  was  completed,  the  whole  costing 
$5,000. 

Faith  and  works  have  gone  together  and  the  results  have 
followed.  There  is  a  bright  future  for  this  band  of  loyal 
Lutherans. 


History  of  Congregations  227 


St.  James'  Church,  Saxe-Gotha,  near  Lexington 

This  congregation  was  organized  in  October,  1921,  after 
Rev.  C.  J.  Sox  had  preached  two  years  at  this  place  in  a 
"union"  church  building,  and  without  compensation,  look- 
ing forward  to  the  organization  of  a  Lutheran  church. 

As  early  as  1737  there  were  Lutherans  in  Saxe-Gotha 
township,  Lexington  County,  S.  C,  forty  years  before  Amer- 
ican Independence,  and  some  of  their  descendants  are  found 
in  this  new  congregation — a  fact  worthy  of  note.  The  church 
has  been  built,  and  although  having  only  about  thirty  mem- 
bers when  organized,  the  congregation  is  growing  and  con- 
ditions are  favorable  to  the  establishment  of  a  large  mem- 
bership in  a  few  years — a  fitting  monument  to  a  worthy 
ancestry,  a  devoted  pastor  and  a  loyal  people. 

Record  should  be  made  of  the  fact  that  a  mission  called 
Red  Bank  Church  existed  in  the  Saxe-Gotha  community  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  Nineteenth  century,  but  the  congrega- 
tion disintegrated  and  some  of  the  members  were  lost  to 
the  Lutheran  Church, 

Grace   Church,  Rock  Hill 

Grace  Church,  Rock  Hill,  was  organized  April  15,  1923, 
with  15  charter  members.  Rev.  H.  A.  Schroder  has  been 
pastor  since  June  1,  1923.  The  congregation  now  (August, 
1924)  has  a  confirmed  membership  of  32  and  a  total  en- 
rollment of  37  in  the  Sunday  School,  exclusive  of  Winthrop 
College  students.  For  three  years  our  Lutherans  in  Rock 
Hill  have  been  given  the  privilege  of  worshipping  in  the  hall 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  A  centrally  located  lot  has 
been  purchased  at  the  corner  of  Oakland  Avenue  and  Aiken 
Street  for  a  church  and  parsonage.  The  Woman's  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  has  assumed  the 
task  of  financing  the  erection  of  the  church  and  parsonage. 
Our  Lutheran  students  at  Winthrop  College  take  advantage 
of  the  presence  of  Grace  Church,  and  are  faithful  attendants 
at  the  services  while  the  school  is  in  session. 


Chapter  IX 

ROLL  OF  MINISTERS 

AULL,  William  Bowman.— Born  March  19,  1870,  in  Newberry 
County,  South  Carolina.  Educated  in  Newberry  College,  re- 
ceiving the  A.B.  degree;  graduated  from  the  Southern  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary  in  1901,  then  located  at  Mt.  Pleasant, 
S.  C.  Ordained  in  1901  by  the  Virginia  Synod  at  Jadwyn,  Va. 
Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1904.  In  this  same 
year  he  took  his  B.D.  degree  at  the  Chicago  Lutheran  Semi- 
nary. He  served  the  following  pastorates:  Pine  Grove,  Lone 
Star,  S.  C,  1904-07;  China  Grove,  N.  C,  1907-10;  Fairfax, 
S.  C,  1910-13;  St.  John's,  Walhalla,  S.  C,  1915-23.  He  is 
now  postmaster  in  the  town  of  Walhalla,  S.  C. 

BALLENTINE,  Arthur  Willington. — Born  at  Chapin,  S.  C, 
March  17,  1885.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the 
Southern  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the 
Mississippi  Synod,  July  2,  1911.  Admitted  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod,  November,  1922.  Pastorates  served:  Lingle,  Miss., 
1911-16;  Graham,  Va.,  1917-18;  Senoia,  Ga.,  1918-22;  Ehr- 
hardt,  S.  C,  1922-23;  called  to  St.  John's  Church,  Walhalla, 
early  in  1924,  where  he  is  now  located. 

BLACK,  Henry  J.— Born  December  7,  1879,  at  Leesville,  S.  C. 
Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern  Lutheran  The- 
ological Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
November  13,  1910.  Pastorates  served:  St.  Luke's,  Florence, 
S.  C,  January  1,  1910  to  April  18,  1911;  St.  Johannes',  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  April  18,  1911  to  January  1,  1920.  In  the  mean- 
time he  was  secretary  of  the  Southern  Conference,  later  becom- 
ing its  president;  vice-president  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod, 
1917-18,  and  elected  president,  1918.  In  1920  he  was  elected 
the  first  salaried  president  of  the  synod.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  first  four  year  term  of  office  he  was  reelected.  Newberry 
Collejie  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
in  1924. 

BLOMGREN,  Sigfrid  Luther. — Born  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  April 
8,  1892.  Educated  at  Augustana  College,  graduating  in  1912; 
graduate  of  the  Augustana  Seminary  in  1915.  Ordained  June 
13,  1915,  by  the  Augustana  Synod.  Admitted  into  the  South 
Carolina  Synod  in  1919.  Pastorates  served:  Springfield,  Mass., 
1916-19;  St.  Matthew's,  Charleston,  S.  C,  1919-22.  He  has 
received  both  the  A.B.  and  B.D.  degrees. 


230         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


BODIE,  Earl  Kennan. — Born  November  8,  1896,  at  Orangeburg, 
S.  C.  Educated  at  Collegiate  Institute,  Newberry  College  and 
Southern  Lutheran  Seminary,  with  post-graduate  work  at  the 
Philadelphia  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1921  by  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod.  Pastorates:  St.  Stephen's,  Cabarrus  County,  North 
Carolina,  1921-24;  Pine  Grove,  Lone  Star,  since  May  1,  1924, 
becoming  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod  shortly  there- 
after. He  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Newberry  Col- 
lege, and  that  of  B.D.  from  the  Philadelphia  Theological  Sem- 
inary. 

BOLAND,  Lawson  Pettus. — Born  at  Little  Mountain,  S.  C,  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1875.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  South- 
ern Lutheran  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  Missis- 
sippi Synod  October  14,  1901 ;  first  received  into  the  South  Car- 
olina Synod  February  4,  1903,  and  the  second  time  on  February 
8,  1908,  on  returning  from  the  North  Carolina  Synod.  Pas- 
torates served:  Graniteville,  S.  C,  and  Orange  Chapel,  S.  C, 
February  4,  1903  to  November  1,  1904;  Pine  Grove  Pastorate, 
S.  C,  February  12,  1908  to  January  1,  1916;  Betheden  Pas- 
torate, S.  C,  February  1,  1916  to  this  date.  He  served  the 
Lebanon  Pastorate,  North  Carolina  Synod,  November  15,  1904 
to  February  1,  1908.  In  connection  with  other  pastoral  work, 
he  supplied  Mt.  Calvary,  S.  C,  February  4,  1903  to  Novem- 
ber 1,  1903.  He  served  as  secretary,  vice-president,  and  then 
president  of  the  Southern  Conference;  later  secretary  of  the 
Newberry  Conference,  and  then  president.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Summerland  College  since 
the  fall  of  1913. 

BOWERS,  Andrew  Jackson. — Born  October  1,  1860,  in  Newberry, 
S.  C.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
in  1883.  He  served  Ebenezer  Church,  Columbia,  S.  C,  the 
Church  of  the  Ascension,  Savannah,  Ga.;  Floyd  Charge,  Va., 
Greenwood  and  Clinton,  S.  C,  and  for  many  years  was  teacher 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  Newberry  College,  and  at  the  same 
time  supplied  churches  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Newberry. 
Erskine  College,  Due-West,  S.  C,  conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

BROWN,  Pleasant  David.— Born  November  26,  1886.  at  Salis- 
bury, N.  C.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College  and  the  Philadelphia 
Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  North  Carolina  Synod, 
May  11,  1913.  Admitted  into  South  Carolina  Synod,  July  20, 
1921.     Pastorates    served:     Emmanuel    Church,    High    Point, 


Roll  of  Ministers  231 


N.  C,  May  15,  1913,  to  July  20,  1921;  Ebenezer  Church, 
Columbia,  S.  C,  July  20,  1921,  to  this  date.  He  served  on 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Mt.  Pleasant  CoUe^jiate  Institute, 
N.  C,  1918-21 ;  was  secretary  of  the  Board  two  years,  and  pres- 
ident of  the  Eastern  Conference  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod 
in  1921.  His  A.B.  degree  was  conferred  by  Roanoke  College 
in  1900,  and  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1910  by  the  same  college. 

BROWN,  Thomas  Shannon.— Born  in  Wythe  County,  Va.,  Novem- 
ber 24,  1857;  graduated  from  Roanoke  College  and  from  the 
Lutheran  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.;  ordained  by  the  South- 
west Virginia  Synod,  1882,  and  admitted  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod,  November,  1923.  Pastorates  served:  St.  Mark's, 
Charlotte,  N.  C,  Mt.  Zion,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  St.  Stephen's,  Lex- 
ington, S.  C,  Macedonia  Church,  Burlington,  N.  C,  and  St. 
Luke's  Church,  Florence,  S.  C,  of  which  he  is  the  present  pas- 
tor. The  degree  of  M.A.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Roanoke 
College. 

CLINE,  William  Pinckney.— Born  near  Newton,  N.  C,  March  21, 
1853.  Graduate  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1878. 
Instructed  in  theology  by  Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Fox  and  ordained  to 
the  Gospel  ministry  in  1881.  In  1884  Rev.  Mr.  Cline  accepted 
a  call  to  a  pastorate  of  four  churches  in  Davidson  County, 
North  Carolina,  where  he  was  instrumental  in  building  a  par- 
sonage. Seeing  the  general  neglect  of  education  he  at  once 
opened  a  school  and  in  1885  built  and  opened  an  academy 
under  the  name  Holly  Grove  Academy.  Here  he  taught  with 
great  success  until  the  close  of  1891.  Rev.  Mr.  Cline  was  largely 
instrumental  in  founding  and  building  Lenoir  College,  in  which 
he  served  for  nine  years  as  professor  of  Latin  and  History, 
being  also  financial  agent  of  the  college.  In  1901  he  resigned 
his  chair  and  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  for  five  years.  In  1907  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  St.  Michael's  Pastorate,  Lexington  County, 
South  Carolina,  and  in  the  same  year  was  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Publication  of  the  United  Synod.  He  soon 
became  its  president,  which  position  he  held  for  many  years. 
At  the  close  of  1911  he  resigned  as  pastor  of  the  St.  Michael's 
charo^e  and  became  superintendent  of  the  Lowman  Home  for 
the  aged  and  helpless  at  White  Rock,  S.  C,  serving  this  institu- 
tion until  December,  1922,  when  he  tendered  his  resignation  on 
account  of  physical  disability.  The  resignation  was  accepted 
by  the  Board  with  regret  and  expressions  of  appreciation  of 
Dr.  Cline's  many  years  of  faithful  service.  During  his  min- 
istry he   organized   the   following   congregations   and   aided    in 


232         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


building  their  houses  of  worship:  Holly  Grove,  Davidson 
Countv,  Xorth  Carolina:  Mt.  Hermon,  Iredell  County,  North 
Carolina:  St.  Martin's,  Maiden,  N.  C;  Emanuel,  Lincolnton, 
N.  C;  Bethlehem,  Catawba  County,  North  Carolina;  and  St. 
Andrew's,  Hickory,  N.  C.  In  1913  Lenoir  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

CROMER,  Joseph  Lee. — Born  in  Lexington  County,  S.  C,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1874.  Educated  in  Concordia  and  Lenoir  Colleges, 
and  the  Theological  Departments  of  Concordia  and  Lenoir 
Colleges.  Ordained  bv  the  Tennessee  Svnod  September  1,  1895, 
and  admitted  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  November,  1922. 
Pastorates  served:  Newton,  Gastonia.  N.  C:  Rhodhiss  and 
Maiden,  N.  C:  St.  Paul's  and  Chapin  pastorates,  S.  C.  He 
has  been  president  and  secretary  of  the  North  Conference  of 
the  Tennessee  Synod,  president  of  the  Joint  Conference,  and 
of  the  South  Carolina  Conference  of  the  Tennessee  Synod;  and 
was  at  one  time  business  manager  of  Lenoir  College  and  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Publication  Board  of  the  L  nited  Synod.  He  received  his 
A.B.  and  A.M.  degrees  from  Lenoir  College.  He  now  has 
charge  of  the  Mt.  Tabor  pastorate,  Prosperity.  He  has  been 
instrumental  in  building  five  new  churches,  three  parsonages, 
and  in  making  improvements  on  other  churches  and  pastors' 
homes. 

DERRICK.  John  Perry.— Born  July  3.  1890.  at  Chapin,  S.  C. 
Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminarv.  Ordained  November  12,  1920,  by  the 
South  Carolina  Synod.  He  has  been  president  of  the  South- 
ern Conference  and  was  pastor  of  St.  James'  Church,  Sumter, 
his  first  charge,  1920-24. 

DUTTON,  William  Addison.— Born  April  16,  1859,  near  Rural 
Retreat,  Va.  His  father  having  died  in  the  service  of  the 
Southern  Army,  and  owing  to  the  prostration  and  impoverish- 
ment following  the  war.  he  was  denied  a  collegiate  education. 
In  1895  he  became  a  licentiate  of  the  Southwestern  ^  irginia 
Synod  and  in  1897  was  ordained  by  that  synod  at  Blue  Ridge 
Springs,  Va.  He  served  the  following  pastorates:  Price's  Fork, 
Va.,  3  years;  Gold  Hill.  N.  C.  7  years:  Bethel  pastorate,  Rich- 
field, N.  C,  5  years;  St.  Mark's  and  Corinth  Churches,  Lees- 
ville,  S.  C,  7  years;  Bethel  pastorate.  ^'V  bite  Rock.  21  o  years, 
until  compelled  to  relinquish  his  work  on  account  of  physical 
disability. 


Roll  of  Ministers  233 

BUTTON,  Wade  Hampton.— Born  February  24,  1890,  at  Rural 
Retreat,  Va.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod,  November  15,  1917.  He  became  pastor  of  Mayer- 
Summer  Memorial  Churches,  Newberry,  and  is  still  in  charge 
of  that  pastorate.  He  received  his  A.B.  degree  from  Newberry 
College  at  the  time  of  his  graduation. 

FREED,  Charles  Abram. — Born  August  23,  1868,  near  Waynes- 
boro, Va.  Graduate  of  Roanoke  College  (1890)  and  Phila- 
delphia Theological  Seminary  (1893).  Ordained  by  the  Minis- 
terium  of  Pennsylvania  in  Philadelphia  in  1893.  Served  pas- 
torates as  follows:  Middlebrook  Pastorate,  Virginia,  1893- 
1903;  Ebenezer  Church,  Columbia,  1903-21;  Church  of  the  Re- 
deemer, Newberry,  1921-  .  Received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and 
M.A.  from  Roanoke  College  and  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity from  Newberry  College  in  1911.  Admitted  to  the  South 
Carolina  Synod  in  1903.  President  of  the  Virginia  Synod, 
1902;  president  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  1908-10;  mem- 
ber of  Merger  Committee,  U.  L.  C;  vice-president  West  In- 
dies Mission  Board,  U.  L.  C;  member  National  Lutheran  Coun- 
cil, 1920-  .  Chaplain  State  Senate  of  South  Carolina  Gen- 
eral Assembly  for  nine  years.  At  present  president  of  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Lutheran  Theological  Southern  Seminary  at 
Columbia. 

GONGAWARE,  George  J.— Born  December  17,  1866,  at  Frees- 
burg,  Pa.  Educated  at  Thiel  College  and  Philadelphia  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  Pittsburgh  Synod  in  1896, 
and  entered  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1913.  Pastorates 
served:  St.  Paul's,  LIniontown,  Pa.;  First  Lutheran  Church, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  On  March  1,  1913,  he  accepted  a  call  to  St. 
John's  Church,  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  is  still  pastor.  He  was 
president  of  the  Pittsburgh  Synod,  1910-13;  president  of  the 
General  Council  Board  of  Education,  1909-12;  and  elected 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  LInited  Lutheran 
Church  in  1918,  on  which  he  still  serves.  He  received  the 
degrees  of  A.B.,  M.A.  and  D.D.  from  Thiel  College. 

GOODMAN,  Reuben  Alonzo.— Born  July  23,  1881,  at  Amity, 
N.  C.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College  and  the  Southern  Lu- 
theran Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  1909,  and  entered  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
July  22,  1921.  Pastorates  served:  Christ  and  Calvary  Churches, 
Spencer,  N.  C;  and  Holy  Trinity,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C.  He  is 
now  Professor  of  Bible  and  Christian  Ethics  in  Newberry  Col- 


234         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


lege,  and  his  ministerial  record  covers  twelve  years  as  pastor, 
two  years  as  instructor  in  Mt.  Pleasant  Collegiate  Institute,  and 
eight  years  as  the  principal  of  Mont  Amoena  Seminary,  Mt. 
Pleasant,  N.  C. 

GREEVER,  Walton  Harlowe. — Born  in  Burkes  Garden,  Va.,  De- 
cember 18,  1870.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College,  and  at  the 
Philadelphia  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  South- 
western Virginia  Synod.  He  was  received  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  1901.  Pastorates  served:  Immanuel  Church, 
Bluefield,  W.  Va.;  St.  Paul's,  Columbia,  S.  C;  Church  of  the 
Ascension,  Eau  Claire,  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  has  been  manager 
of  the  Board  of  Publication,  Columbia,  S.  C,  editor  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  Visitor,  editor  and  manager  of  the  American 
Lutheran  Survey,  and  field  secretary  and  professor  in  the 
Southern  Theological  Seminary.  He  received  the  degrees  of 
A.B.  and  M.A.  from  Roanoke  College,  and  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Newberry  College.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Church  of 
the  Ascension,  Eau  Claire,  Columbia,  editor  and  manager  of 
the  American  Lutheran  Survey,  and  professor  in  the  Southern 
Theological   Seminary. 

GROSECLOSE,  David  Bittle.— Born  October  20,  1855,  at  Ceres, 
Va.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College.  After  being  instructed  by 
Drs.  L.  A.  Fox,  J.  J.  Scherer  and  J.  B.  Greiner,  he  was  or- 
dained in  August,  1892,  by  the  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod, 
although  he  had  served  as  a  licentiate,  1888-92.  He  was  re- 
ceived into  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  March,  1903,  and  has 
served  pastorates  as  follows:  New  River,  1890-97;  Prices  Fork, 
Va.,  1897-1903,  Blacksburg  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod;  St. 
Mark's,  Saluda,  S.  C,  1903;  Leesville,  S.  C,  1904-08;  Ehr- 
hardt,  S.  C,  1908-13;  Fairfax,  S.  C,  1913.  The  pastorate  was 
divided  in  1910,  and  he  remained  at  Ehrhardt  until  1913,  when 
he  removed  to  Fairfax,  where  he  is  located  at  present.  The 
charge  is  composed  of  Fairfax,  St.  Nicholas'  and  Early  Branch. 
He  organized  the  church  at  Saluda,  built  the  parsonage  at  Lees- 
ville, added  three  new  rooms  to  the  pastor's  home  at  Fairfax, 
built  the  parsonage  at  Ehrhardt,  enlarged  St.  Nicholas'  Church, 
and  built  two  new  churches  and  parsonages  in  Virginia. 

HAHN,  Samuel  Waightstill.— Born  May  23,  1895,  at  Hickory, 
N.  C.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  the  Southern  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  September  5,  1919,  by  the 
Southwestern  Virginia  Synod.  Admitted  to  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  November  20,  1922.  Pastorates  served:  Burkes  Gar- 
den, Tazewell   charge,   1919-22,   and   Grace   Lutheran   Church, 


Roll  of  Ministers  235 


Prosperity,   S.    C,   from   1922   to   this   time.      He   received   his 
A.B.  degree  from  Lenoir  College. 

HAIGLER,  James  Bowman. — Born  in  Cameron,  S.  C,  December 
3,  1863.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Philadelphia  The- 
ological Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1892.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1905, 
and  again  in  1922.  Pastorates  served:  Zion,  Spring  Citv,  Pa.; 
Midville  Parish,  Wentzel's  Lake,  Nova  Scotia;  Bethel  Pastor- 
ate, White  Rock,  S.  C;  Ebenezer,  Rincon,  Ga. ;  Roanoke  Pas- 
torate, Salem,  Va.;  Union  Pastorate,  Salisbury,  N.  C;  Beth- 
lehem Pastorate,  Pomaria,  S.  C,  his  present  work. 

HALLMAN,  Samuel  Thomas. — Born  in  Lexington  County,  South 
Carolina,  September  3,  1844.  His  classical  training  was  re- 
ceived at  Newberry  College,  1866-68,  and  he  was  graduated 
from  the  Southern  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary,  together 
with  the  late  Rev.  H.  S.  Wingard,  D.D.,  in  1868,  and  was  in- 
ducted into  the  office  of  the  holy  ministry  by  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  October  19,  1868.  He  has  served  the  following 
churches:  Corinth  and  Good  Hope,  Saluda,  S.  C,  1868-69; 
Pine  Grove  and  Trinity  Churches,  Orangeburg  Countv,  South 
Carolina,  1869-75;  St.  Matthew's  and  Mt.  Lebanon  Churches, 
Orangeburg  County,  South  Carolina,  1875-80;  St.  James',  Cold 
Water  and  Mt.  Hermon  Churches,  Concord,  N.  C,  1880-83; 
Bethlehem,  St.  Philip's  and  St.  John's,  Pomaria,  S.  C,  1883- 
88;  Holy  Trinity,  Augusta,  Ga.;  1888-95;  Grace  and  Mt.  Tabor, 
Prosperity,  S.  C.  1895-1900;  and  then  he  supplied  St.  Philip's, 
Mt.  Olivet  and  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Newberry,  S.  C, 
for  a  short  while.  November  8,  1900,  he  was  elected  Piedmont 
missionary,  and  organized  Immanuel  Church.  Greenwood,  S.  C, 
September  21,  1902,  and  Woman's  Memorial  Church,  Spar- 
tanburg, S.  C,  September  28,  1902.  These  he  served  jointly 
for  a  while,  and  then  confined  his  labors  to  Spartanburg,  S.  C, 
in  which  city  he  has  labored  continually  for  twenty-four  years, 
being  pastor  of  the  Woman's  Memorial  Church  from  its  or- 
ganization September,  1902,  to  this  time.  He  received  the  de- 
grees of  M.A.  and  D.D.  from  Newberry  College.  He  served 
two  years  as  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod;  served 
on  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  North  Carolina  College;  was  eight 
years  secretary  of  the  South  Carolina  Svnod.  three  vears  its 
president;  was  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry 
College  about  ten  years;  has  been  a  member  of  the  College 
Board  over  forty  years;  was  twenty  years  secretary  of  the 
United  Synod  in  the  South,  and  was  editor  of  the  Lutheran 
Visitor  about  ten  years,  1895-1904.  He  has  been  instrumental 
in  building  five  churches,  in  remodeling  three  others,  and  in 


236         History  of  the  South  Carollna  Synod 


improving  several  preachers'  homes.  With  the  exception  of 
about  three  years,  his  entire  ministry  of  fifty-six  years  has 
been  in  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  and  he  has  been  an  active 
participant  in  our  church  work  in  the  most  important  forma- 
tive period  of  our  Church  in  the  South.  He  was  a  contributor 
to  The  Lutheran  Visitor  from  his  early  ministry,  long  before 
he  became  its  editor;  he  published  a  monthly  in  1890,  called 
Gospel  Echoes,  which  in  1891  became  The  Mission  News,  and 
was  issued  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Missions  of 
the  United  Synod  in  the  South.  About  March,  1894,  this  sus- 
pended publication,  and  a  department  taking  its  place  was 
carried  in  The  Lutheran  Visitor.  He  also  edited  for  several 
years  the  Sunday  School  paper  called  The  Southern  Lutheran 
(changed  to  Tidings  when  purchased  by  the  United  Synod  Pub- 
lishing Company  in  1904),  then  published  by  Col.  E.  H.  AuU, 
Newberry;  and  still  later  he  published  The  Piedmont  Mission- 
ary, which  monthly  contributed  to  the  building  of  the  Lutheran 
churches  in  Spartanburg  and  Greenwood. 

HARMAN,  Julian  Bachman. — Born  in  Lexington  County,  South 
Carolina,  October  28,  1874.  Educated  at  Newberry  College 
and  the  Southern  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained 
by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  November  11,  1906,  and  received 
into  the  synod  at  that  time.  He  has  served  the  following 
churches:  St.  Mark's  and  Corinth,  Saluda  County,  South  Car- 
olina; Mayer  Memorial  and  Summer  Memorial,  Newberry, 
S.  C;  Mt.  Pilgrim  and  St.  Philip's  Churches,  Senoia,  Ga. ;  Mt. 
Tabor  Pastorate,  Newberry  County,  South  Carolina;  Bethel 
Pastorate,  White  Rock,  S.  C,  and  Holy  Trinity  Pastorate,  Lit- 
Mountain,  S.  C.  He  has  served  as  secretary,  vice-president  and 
president  of  Newberry  Conference,  and  on  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  Missions  for  two  years,  and  served  as  secretary  of 
the  Joint  Conference. 

HORINE,  John  Winebrenner.— Born  May  23,  1869,  in  Smiths- 
burg,  Md.  Educated  at  Muhlenberg  College,  graduating  in 
1889,  and  at  the  Philadelphia  Theological  Seminary,  gradu- 
ating in  1892.  Ordained  by  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania, 
1892.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1897,  and 
again  in  1914.  Pastorates  served:  Church  of  the  Incarnation, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1892-97;  St.  John's  Church,  Charleston, 
S.  C,  1897-1907;  St.  Luke's  Church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1907- 
14;  editor  of  Lutheran  Church  Visitor  1914-19;  professor  of 
Old  Testament  and  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  the  Southern 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  since  1919.  The  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  both  Newberry  and  Roanoke 
Colleges,   in   1914.     Since   1919  he  has  been   associated  with 


Roll  of  Ministers  237 


The  Lutheran  as  special  reporter  for  the  Lutheran  Church 
South,  and  since  1922  has  been  editor  of  The  Lutheran  Messen- 
ger, the  monthly  bulletin  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

KINARD,  James  David. — Born  July  1,  1866,  near  Prosperity,  S.  C. 
Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern  Lutheran  The- 
ological Seminary.  Ordained  October  27,  1895,  becoming  a 
member  of  the  synod.  Pastorates  served:  Leesville  Pastorate, 
1895-1903;  St.  Matthew's  Pastorate,  Orangeburg  (now  Cal- 
houn) County,  South  Carolina,  1903-10;  Newberry  Pastorate, 
1910-12;  Immanuel,  Greenwood,  S.  C,  1912-18;  Johnston  Pas- 
torate, since  1918.  Has  served  as  secretary,  and  president  of 
the  South  Carolina  Synod;  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  Newberry  College  and  its  secretary  over  fifteen  years, 
and  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Southern 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was  con- 
ferred on  him  by  Newberry  College  in  1917.  His  entire  ministry 
has  been  in  this  synod  (until  October,  1924).  His  record  of 
service  is  remarkable,  having  missed  not  more  than  six  ser- 
vices during  twenty-nine  years'  pastoral  service,  except  when 
on  vacation. 

KISTLER,  Henry  Alfred. — Born  December  30,  1879,  near  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C.  Graduated  from  Lenoir  College  in  1902,  with 
degree  of  A.B.,  and  from  the  Southern  Seminary  in  1903. 
Studied  for  three  months  at  Chicago  Seminary  in  1910.  Or- 
dained in  1905  by  the  Tennessee  Synod  at  Stanley,  N.  C.  Pas- 
torates: Watauga,  Watauga  County,  North  Carolina,  1905-10; 
Sullivan  County,  Tennessee,  1911-20;  Bethlehem  Pastorate,  Po- 
maria,  1920-22;  Zion  Pastorate,  Lexington  County,  1922- 
Admitted  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  1920.  Vice-president 
of  Holston  Synod;  member  of  Board  of  Directors  Southern 
Seminary,  1919-20;  member  of  Board  of  Trustees  Summer- 
land  College  since  1922. 

KOON,  Samuel  Patrick. — Born  November  8,  1877,  at  Chapin,  S.  C. 
Graduate  of  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary.  Or- 
dained in  1902  by  the  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Wythe  County,  Virginia.  Received  into  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1903.  Pastorates  served:  Immanuel 
Church,  Bluefield,  W.  Va.,  1902-03;  Sl  Luke's  Church,  Pros- 
perity, 1903-12;  Silver  Street  Church,  1913-15,  and  with  the 
Mayer  Memorial  Charge,  1915-16;  St.  Paul's  Pastorate,  Po- 
maria,  1916-  .  President  of  Summerland  College,  1912-13. 
The  degrees  of  A.B.  and  M.A.  received  from  Newberry  College 
in  1899  and  1906,  respectively.  Member  of  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  Synod,  1906-14,  and  Chairman  of  same,  1912-13; 
Secretary  of  Synod,  1908-10;    Vice-president  of  Synod,   1910- 


238         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


12.  Secretary  of  Committee  on  Ministerial  Education  at  pres- 
ent date.  Supply  pastor  at  various  times  at  the  following 
churches:  Bethlehem  (Black  Creek),  Leesville;  Saluda  pas- 
torate, Saluda;  Mt.  Pilgrim  Church,  Prosperity;  Mt.  Olivet 
Church,  Prosperity.  It  was  during  Rev.  Mr.  Koon's  pastor- 
ate that  St.  Luke's  parsonage,  Silver  Street  church  and  parson- 
age, and   St.   Paul's   parsonage  were  built. 

KREPS,  MuLLER  0.  J. — Born  in  Lexington  County,  South  Carolina, 
December  29,  1857.  Received  his  classical  and  theological 
training  at  Newberry  College  and  the  Southern  Seminary.  Or- 
dained by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1883.  Began  his  min- 
istry of  the  Word  in  the  county  of  his  birth,  being  cordially 
received  by  the  people  who  had  known  his  father.  Rev.  Barney 
Kreps,  than  whom  a  better  and  more  devout  Christian  could 
not  be  found.  In  Lexington  County  his  father  spent  his  minis- 
terial life  from  1862-1887:  and  it  was  therefore  fitting  that  the 
son  should  follow  in  the  father's  footsteps.  He  was  then  called 
to  the  Pine  Grove  and  Trinity  pastorate.  Lone  Star,  S.  C, 
where  he  remained  a  number  of  years,  and  then  to  St.  Paul's, 
Newport,  Va. ;  then  to  Luther  Memorial,  Blacksburg,  Va. ;  then 
to  Holy  Trinity,  Augusta,  Ga.;  then  to  Grace  Church,  Prosper- 
ity, S.  C,  where  he  was  instrumental  in  the  erection  of  the 
elegant  and  well  equipped  house  of  worship,  which  is  highly 
creditable  to  that  congregation  and  the  projector  of  it.  His 
next  move  was  to  St.  Luke's,  Columbia,  where  he  remains  the 
spiritual  adviser  and  able  counsellor  of  that  congregation.  He 
served  two  terms  as  president  of  this  synod,  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Southern  Seminary 
Board.  For  three  years  he  was  the  Financial  Secretary  of 
our  Southern  Theological  Seminary,  during  which  term  he 
visited  nearly  every  parish  within  the  bounds  of  the  United 
Synod  in  the  South,  soliciting  funds  for  the  erection  of  the 
present  administration  building  of  the  Seminary.  He  received 
his  A.B.,  M.A.  and  Doctor's  degrees  from  Newberry  College. 

LONG,  Irving  Ernest. — Born  June  19,  1882,  at  Prosperity,  S.  C. 
Graduate  of  Newberry  College  in  1907  and  Southern  Seminary 
in  1910.  Ordained  in  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Charleston,  by 
the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1910  and  received  into  the  synod 
at  that  time.  Pastorates  served:  Pomaria  Pastorate,  Pomaria, 
1910-11;  St.  Mark's  Church,  Mooresville,  N.  C,  1911-16;  Augs- 
burg Church,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C,  1916-20;  St.  Johannes' 
Church,  Charleston,  1920-  .  Treasuier  of  the  Northern  Con- 
ference of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  1913-20.  Member  of 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Mt.  Pleasant  Collegiate  Institute,  1914-20. 


Roll  of  Ministers  239 


LONG,  John  Jacob. — Born  November  5,  1871,  in  Newberry  County, 
South  Carolina.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern 
Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod 
in  1898,  and  received  into  synod  the  same  year.  Has  served 
the  following  pastorates:  Bethlehem,  Newberry,  Bethlehem 
(second  time),  Little  Mountain,  Saluda.  He  is  serving  the 
Saluda  Pastorate  at  the  present  time.  Received  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  D.D.  from  Newberry  College. 

MANGUM,  John  W.— Born  June  26,  1888,  at  Wicker,  Miss.  Edu- 
cated at  Newberry  College,  Normal  College  of  Mississippi  and 
Southern  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1910  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi Synod.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in 
1923.  Pastorates  served:  Scott  County  Pastorate,  Homewood, 
Miss.;  Newhope  and  St.  Mark's  Pastorate,  Sallis,  Miss.;  St. 
Michael's  Pastorate,  Irmo,   1923- 

McCULLOUGH,  Henry  Antine.— Born  December  18,  1865,  in  New- 
berry County,  South  Carolina.  Educated  at  Newberry  College 
and  Southern  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1895  by  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  St.  Michael's  Church,  Lexington  County,  and 
received  into  the  synod  the  same  year.  Pastorates  served  and 
positions  held:  Concord,  N.  C;  Cameron,  S.  C;  Mt.  Pleasant, 
N.  C;  Albemarle,  N.  C;  St.  Paul's,  Columbia.  For  four  years 
principal  of  Collegiate  Institute,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C.  Received 
the  title  of  A.B.  from  Newberry  College,  B.D.  from  Chicago 
Seminary,  D.D.  from  Newberry  College.  At  this  time  is  pastor 
of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Columbia. 

MILLER,  David  Leander. — Born  December  30,  1875,  at  Hickory, 
N.  C.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  Chicago  Theological 
Seminary.  Ordained  in  1907  by  the  Tennessee  Synod.  Re- 
ceived into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1924.  Pastorates 
served:  Stony  Man  and  Forestville  in  Virginia;  Donegal  in 
Pennsylvania;  Trinity,  Cabarrus,  and  Iredell  in  North  Caro- 
lina.    At  present  pastor  of  St.  Peter's  Pastorate,  near  Chapin. 

MONROE,  Pleasant  Edgar.— Born  December  18,  1875,  in  Sal  is- 
bury,  N.  C.  Educated  at  North  Carolina  College  and  Chicago 
Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1901  by  the  Southwest 
Virginia  Synod.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Svnod  in 
1902.  Pastorates  served  and  positions  held:  Pulaski,  Va., 
1901-02:  Ehrhardt,  1902-08:  Johnston.  1908-13;  President  of 
Summerland  College,  1913-24.  Received  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
and  M.A.  from  North  Carolina  College  and  the  title  of  D.D. 
from  Newberry  College.  President  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod, 
1914-15,  1915-16. 


240         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


MORGAN.  Francis  Grover.— Born  November  19,  1889.  at  Delmar, 
near  Leesville.  S.  C.  Graduate  Lenoir  College.  A.B.;  Univer- 
sity of  South  Carolina,  A.M.  Graduate  the  Lutheran  Theolog- 
ical Southern  Seminary.  Ordained  by  the  Tennessee  Synod, 
1913.  Service:  Taught  Latin  and  Education,  Lenoir  College, 
1913-1918.  1922-24:  Lutheran  Camp  Pastor,  Marine  Barracks, 
Parris  Island,  S.  C,  1918-1921:  Pastor,  Madison,  Virginia, 
1921-1922:  Director  of  Extension  Work,  Lenoir-Rhyne  Col- 
lege, 1923;  Instructor,  University  of  North  Carolina,  Summer 
of  1924;  President,  Summerland  College.  Leesville,  S.  C,  since 
September  1,  1924.  Admitted  into  Svnod  of  South  Carolina, 
1924. 

NELSON,  George  W.— Born  April  21,  1894,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Educated  at  Muhlenberg  College.  Allentown.  Pa.;  and  the 
Southern  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1921  by  the 
Svnod  of  North  Carolina.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  the  same  year.  Pastor  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Summer- 
ville,  from  1921  to  date. 

OBENSCHAIN,  Arthur  Bittle.— Born  March  15,  1883,  in  Vinton, 
Roanoke  Countv,  Virginia.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College  and 
Philadelphia  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1910  by  the 
Synod  of  New  York  and  New  England.  Received  into  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1920.  Pastorates  served:  College 
Point,  New  York  City,  1910-12;  Albany,  New  York,  1912-20; 
St.  Stephen's  Church,  Lexington,  1920  to  date.  Received  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  Roanoke  College  in  1907;  also  certificate 
in  Philosophy  at  Washington   and  Lee  University. 

OXNER.  John  Witherspoon. — Born  of  Lutheran  ancestry  in  Edge- 
field County,  South  Carolina.  September  23,  1882.  Graduate 
of  Leesville  College  (19031,  Newberry  College  (1905),  South- 
ern Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  (1908),  with  post-gradu- 
ate work  at  Chicago  Seminary  in  1912  and  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina  in  1918.  Ordained  in  1908  by  the  Synod 
of  Georgia  and  Adjacent  States.  Received  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  1910,  into  the  Tennessee  Synod  in  1920,  and 
again  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1923.  Has  served  the 
followins  pastorates:  Mt.  Pilgrim,  Haralson,  Ga.,  1908-10; 
St.  Matthew's  Parish,  Cameron,  1910-18;  Mt.  Tabor.  New 
Brookland,  1918  to  the  present  time,  also  supplying  the  Sandy 
Run  Pastorate.  Since  1921  Rev.  Mr.  Oxner  has  been  Chaplain 
of  the  118th  Infantry,  South  Carolina  National  Guard,  and 
since  1922  Chaplain  of  the  Officers'  Reserve  Corps.  He  is 
president  of  the  Lutheran  Ministers'  Association  of  Columbia, 
a  member  of  the  Board   of  Trustees  of  Summerland  College, 


Roll  of  Ministers  241 


and  secretary  of  the  South  Carolina  National  Guard  Associa- 
tion. Among  other  positions  formerly  held  he  was  editor  of 
Our  Church  Messenger,  1919-22,  president  of  the  Orangeburg 
Conference,  vice-president  of  two  other  Conferences  and  secre- 
tary-treasurer  of   three   ministerial   associations. 

PARKER,  Theodore  Calvin.— Born  November  18,  1866,  in  Rowan 
County.  North  Carolina.  Educated  at  North  Carolina  College 
and  Gettysburg  Theological  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1899  by 
the  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod.  Received  into  the  South 
Carolina  Synod  in  1924.  Pastorates  served:  Roanoke  County 
Pastorate,  Va.;  Floyd  Pastorate,  Va.;  St.  John's,  Concord, 
N.  C;  St.  Luke's,  Ml  Ulla,  N.  C;  Lebanon,  Barber,  N.  C; 
Sl  Michael's,  Troutman.  N.  C;  Pembroke,  Pembroke,  Va.; 
New  River,  Blacksburg,  Va.;  St.  Paul's,  Gilbert,  at  the  present 
date.  Degrees  received,  A.B.  and  M.A.  President  of  Roanoke 
Conference  of  the  Virginia  Synod,  and  secretary  of  the  North 
Carolina  Synod  for  about  four  years. 

PETREA,  Henry  Smith.— Born  November  1,  1888,  at  Concord, 
N.  C.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary. 
Ordained  in  1915  by  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina.  Received 
into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1915.  Pastorates  served: 
White  Rock,  1915-18;  Graniteville-Aiken  Mission,  1918-24; 
Trinity  Church,  Elloree,  his  present  charge.  Statistical  Secre- 
tary of  the  synod  since  1920. 

PETERSEN,  Otto  Carl.— Born  May  10,  1870,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Graduated  in  1899  from  Newberry  College  with  degree  of  A.B. 
and  from  the  Southern  Seminary  in  1910.  Ordained  in  1902 
by  the  Synod  of  Southwestern  Virginia  in  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Wythe  County,  Va.  Home  Missionary,  Holston  Synod,  1903- 
08,  serving  at  Morristown  and  Sinking  Springs,  Tenn.;  Union 
Pastorate,  Delmar,  S.  C,  1908-10;  Bethlehem  Church,  Florida, 
1910-13.  Colporteur  of  South  Carolina  Synod  (mainly  in 
Charleston),  1920-24. 

RISER,  Marion  Claude.— Born  in  1878  near  Leesville,  S.  C.  Edu- 
cated at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary.  Ordained 
in  1909  by  the  Holston  Synod.  Received  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  1912.  Has  served  the  Monroe  County  Pastorate, 
Tennessee,  and  supplied  the  Birmingham,  Ala.,  Mission,  sum- 
mer of  1911,  and  Springfield  (S.  C.)  Church,  summer  of  1915. 
Received  the  title  of  A.B.  from  Newberry  College.  At  present 
is  engaged  in  teaching  at  Brunson,  S.  C. 


242         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


ROOF,  Francis  Keith. — Born  October  17,  1868,  in  Lexington 
County,  South  Carolina.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and 
Southern  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1900  by  the  Tennessee  Synod. 
Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1924.  Pastorates: 
St.  Timothy's  Pastorate,  N.  C,  13  years;  Cedar  Grove  Pastor- 
ate, S.  C,  8  years;  Morganton,  N.  C,  Si/o  years;  St.  David's 
Pastorate,  Lexington  County,  South  Carolina  since  May  15, 
1924.  Received  from  Newberry  College  the  title  of  A.B.  at 
time  of  graduation. 

ROOF,  Walter  James. — Born  February  17,  1880,  in  Lexington 
County,  South  Carolina.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and 
Southern  Seminary,  with  a  half  year's  postgraduate  work  in 
the  Southern  Seminary  and  University  of  South  Carolina.  Or- 
dained in  1910  by  the  Tennessee  Synod.  Received  into  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1923.  Pastorates  served:  Chapin 
Pastorate,  1910-15;  Mayer  Memorial,  Newberry,  1915-16;  Le- 
noir (N.  C.)  Pastorate,  1916-19;  Lincolnton  ( N.  C. )  Pastorate, 
1919-23;  St.  Barnabas'  Church,  Charleston,  1923-  .  Received 
M.A.  degree  from  Newberry  College  in  1915.  Secretary  of 
North  Carolina  Conference  of  Tennessee  Synod  for  four  years, 
and  Chairman  of  Synodical  Home  Mission  Board  for  four  years. 

SCHAEFFER,  Harry  Brent.— Born  August  30,  1891,  at  Newberry, 
S.  C.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary. 
Ordained  in  1915  by  the  Holston  Synod.  Received  into  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1923.  Pastor  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
and  Kings  Mountain,  N.  C.  Camp  Pastor  during  the  World 
War.  Secretary  of  the  Tennessee  Synod,  1920,  and  of  the 
United  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  1921-23.  North  Carolina 
Chairman  World  Service  Campaign,  1921.  Received  the  de- 
grees of  A.B.  and  M.A.  from  Newberry  College.  Present  pas- 
tor of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Charleston. 

SCHERER,  Melanchthon  Gideon  Groseclose. — Born  March  16, 
1861,  in  Catawba  County,  North  Carolina.  Educated  at  Roa- 
noke College  and  Southern  Lutheran  Seminary.  Ordained  in 
1883  by  the  Synod  of  Virginia.  Received  into  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  in  1899.  Pastorates  served  and  positions  held: 
Church  of  the  Redeemer,  1899-1901;  Professor  in  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  S.  C,  1901-04;  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  Charleston,  1904-19.  Received  the  degrees  of  M.A. 
and  D.D.  from  Roanoke  College.  For  many  years  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Southern  Lutheran  Theological 
Seminary.  Since  1919  Secretary  of  The  United  Lutheran 
Church  in  America,  with  residence  in  New  York  City.     A  mem- 


Roll  of  Ministers  243 


ber  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College  and  influ- 
ential in  securing  contributions  from  the  General  Education 
Board  (the  Rockefeller  Foundation)  through  several  visits  to 
the  headquarters  of  that  Board  in  New  York  City. 

SCHRODER,  Henry  Andrew.— Born  August  7,  1896,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  Educated  at  College  of  Charleston  and  Southern  Lu- 
theran Seminary.  Ordained  in  1923  by  the  South  Carolina 
Synod  and  received  into  the  synod  at  that  time.  Student  sup- 
ply at  Danville,  Va.  Pastor  of  Grace  Church,  Rock  Hill, 
1923-     . 

SECKINGER,  Edwin  Hughes.— Born  December  31,  1886,  at  Spring- 
field, Ga.  Graduate  of  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Sem- 
inary. Ordained  in  1922  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  and 
thereupon  received  into  the  synod.  Pastor  of  St.  Luke's  Pas- 
torate, Prosperity,  from  1922  to  date. 

SENTER,  Jonas  Michael.— Born  November  11,  1863,  in  Gas- 
ton County,  North  Carolina.  Educated  at  Gaston  College, 
Dallas,  N.  C.  (one  year),  St.  Paul's  Practical  Seminary,  Hick- 
ory, N.  C.  Ordained  in  1890  by  the  Joint  Synod  of  Ohio.  Re- 
ceived into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922.  Has  served  St, 
Matthew's  Pastorate,  Masonville,  W.  Va.,  1890-1902;  Hardin 
Pastorate,  1902-12;  Holly  Grove  Pastorate,  1912-18;  Iredell 
Pastorate,  1918-20;  Chapin  Pastorate,  1920  to  the  present  time. 
Received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Newberry  Col- 
lege in  1924.  He  has  held  the  following  positions:  In  Joint 
Synod  of  Ohio,  Vice-President  of  Concordia  English  District; 
Secretary  Board  of  Directors  of  St.  Paul's  Practical  Seminary. 
In  Tennessee  Synod,  Vice-President  (two  terms).  In  South 
Carolina  Synod,  member  of  Executive  Committee;  member  of 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College. 

SHEALY,  Charles  Jackson.— Born  September  27,  1889,  near  Lees- 
ville,  S.  C.  Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Lu- 
theran Seminary.  Ordained  in  1915  at  Plains,  Ga.,  by  the 
Synod  of  Georgia  and  Adjacent  States.  Received  into  the 
South  Carolina  Synod  in  1916.  Has  served  pastorates  as  fol- 
lows: Oglethorpe,  Ga.,  1915-16;  Grace  Church,  Prosperity, 
1916-22;  St.  Matthew's  Pastorate,  Calhoun  County,  1922  to  the 
present  time.  Received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  M.A.  from 
Newberry  College. 

SHEALY,  Jefferson  Davis. — Born  in  1862  near  Leesville,  S.  C. 
Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary.  Or- 
dained in   1891  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  and  thereupon 


244         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


received  into  the  synod.  Has  served  the  following  pastorates: 
Union  Pastorate;  Graniteville  Mission;  Bethlehem  Pastorate, 
Pomaria;  Newberry  Pastorate,  Mayer  Memorial  and  Summer 
Memorial  (Mission),  Newberry;  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Con- 
cord, N.  C.  For  24  years  pastor  of  the  Union  Pastorate,  near 
Leesville.  In  this  period  two  new  houses  of  worship  were 
built  and  other  church  property  was  improved.  While  pas- 
tor of  Summer  Memorial,  the  church  was  built;  also  Bethle- 
hem (Black  Creek).  President  of  the  Joint  Conference  for 
two  years. 

SHEAROUSE,  Oswell  Benjamin.— Born  August  31,  1861,  at 
Springfield,  Ga.  Graduate  of  Newberry  College  and  Southern 
Seminary.  Ordained  in  1892  by  the  Synod  of  Georgia  and 
Adjacent  States.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in 
1892.  Pastorates:  St.  Mark's,  Edgefield  County  (afterward 
Saluda  County),  1892-1902;  St.  Jacob's,  Lexington  County, 
1902-05;  Holy  Trinity  and  Macedonia,  Little  Mountain,  1905- 
12;  St.  Enoch's,  Kannapolis.  N.  C,  1912-17;  Lexington  Pas- 
torate, Lexington,  S.  C,  1917  to  the  present  time.  While  serv- 
ing the  St.  Mark's  Pastorate,  the  Joint  Council  purchased  six 
and  a  half  lots  at  Saluda  Court  House  for  church  purposes. 
The  present  church  building  and  parsonage  stand  on  a  part 
of  this  property.  In  the  St.  Jacob's  Pastorate,  a  new  church 
was  built. 

SIGMON,  Paul  Cromer.— Born  May  17,  1896.  at  Newton,  N.  C. 
Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  Southern  Lutheran  Seminary. 
Ordained  in  1921  by  the  Synod  of  Georgia  and  Adjacent  States. 
Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922.  Pastor  of 
the  Church  of  the  Reformation,  Savannah,  Ga.,  1921-22.  Since 
February  15,  1923,  pastor  of  the  Orangeburg  Church,  Orange- 
burg, S.  C.  Received  the  degree  of  M.A.  from  the  University 
of  South  Carolina. 

SMITH.  John  Lewis.— Born  March  13,  1879,  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  Southern 
Lutheran  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1911  by  the  Synod  of  North 
Carolina.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922. 
Pastorates:  Florence.  1913-17;  Harrisonburg,  Va.,  1917-20; 
Bristol,  Tenn.,  1917-22  (all  three  pastorates  were  home  mis- 
sion work)  ;  Trinity  Church,  Greenville,  1922  to  the  present 
time.  The  degree  of  A.B.  was  received  from  Lenoir  College 
in  1908. 

SOX.  Charles  Jason. — Born  September  27,  1873,  in  Lexington 
County,    South    Carolina.     Educated    at    Lenoir    College    and 


Roll  of  Ministers  245 


Southern  Seminary.  Ordained  in  1905  by  the  Southwestern 
Virginia  Synod.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in 
1906.  Pastorates:  Saluda  Pastorate;  Bethany  and  St.  James' 
in  Lexington  County  at  the  present  time.  The  degree  of  A.B. 
received  from  Lenoir  College. 

SUBER,  Thomas  Frank.— Born  March  24,  1890,  at  Pomaria,  S.  C. 
Educated  at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Seminary.  Or- 
dained in  1919  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  and  received  into 
the  synod  at  that  time.  Pastor  of  Silver  Street  Church,  1919- 
24;  Church  of  the  Incarnation,  Shandon,  Columbia,  1924-     . 

WESSINGER,  John  Calvin. — Born  April  5,  1868,  near  Chapin, 
S.  C.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  Southern  Lutheran 
Seminary.  Ordained  in  1893  by  the  Tennessee  Synod.  Re- 
ceived into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1921.  Pastorates: 
Manassas  Mission,  1893;  Trinity  Pastorate,  N.  C,  1894-1903; 
Knox  County  Pastorate,  Tenn.,  1904;  Lower  Davidson,  N.  C, 
1905;  St  Philip's  Pastorate,  1906-09;  Cedar  Grove  Pastor- 
ate, 1909-12;  St.  Jacob's  Pastorate,  1912-16.  Received  the 
degrees  of  A.B.  and  M.A.  Pastor  of  Holy  Trinity  Church,  New 
Brookland,  since  1923. 

WINGARD,  MULLER  Rawl.— Born  November  18,  1893,  in  Effing- 
ham County,  Georgia,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  S.  Wingard, 
formerly  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod.  Educated 
at  Newberry  College  and  Southern  Lutheran  Seminary.  Or- 
dained in  1919  by  the  Synod  of  Georgia  and  Adjacent  States. 
Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1924.  Pastorates: 
Plains  Pastorate,  Plains,  Ga.,  1919-23;  since  January  1,  1924, 
pastor  of  the  Greenwood-Clinton  Mission.  Received  A.B.  from 
Newberry  College,  and  M.A.  from  the  University  of  South 
Carolina.     Secretary  of  the  Georgia  Synod,  1920-1923. 

WISE,  Walter  Daniel.— Born  May  12,  1880,  in  Penola  County, 
Sardis,  Mississippi.  Educated  at  Lenoir  College  and  Southern 
Seminary.  Ordained  in  1908  by  the  Tennessee  Synod.  Re- 
ceived into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1922.  Pastorates:  St. 
James',  Newton,  N.  C;  Claremont,  Claremont,  N.  C;  Maiden, 
Maiden,  N.  C,  Cedar  Grove  Pastorate,  near  Leesville  at  the 
present  time.  President  for  two  years  and  secretary  for  two 
years  of  the  North  Carolina  Conference  of  the  Tennessee  Synod. 

WORTH,  John  Howard.— Born  October  22,  1880,  at  Lancaster, 
Pa.  Educated  at  Muhlenberg  College  and  Philadelphia  Sem- 
inary.    Ordained    in    1905    by    the    Ministerium    of    Pennsyl- 


246         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


vania.  Received  into  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in  1919.  Pas- 
torates: St.  Andrew's  Church,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  Mt.  Zion's 
Church,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Messiah  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Charleston,  since  1919.  Received  the  de- 
grees of  A.B.  and  M.A.  from  Muhlenberg  College.  Studied 
at  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1901-02,  and  at  University  of 
Leipzig,  1907-08. 


Chapter  X 

LEADING  PERSONALITIES^-^ 

DREHER,  Godfrey. — Was  one  of  the  prime  factors  in  the  organi- 
zation of  this  synod  in  1824,  and  conducted  the  opening  ser- 
vices. He  it  was  who  explained  in  detail  as  recorded  in  the 
minutes  of  the  first  convention  of  synod  in  1824,  the  "rites  and 
titles  which  were  established  by  our  ancestors  in  the  year  1788, 
and  sanctioned  by  the  government  of  this  state,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  within  the  limits  of  its 
jurisdiction". 

This  reference  is  to  the  Corpus  Evangelicum  of  1788;  and 
when  the  six  ministers  and  five  laymen  present  decided  to  or- 
ganize the  synod  Godfrey  Dreher  was  elected  the  president. 
At  the  second  convention,  held  in  St.  John's  Church,  Lexing- 
ton County,  November,  1824,  he  was  chosen  treasurer,  which 
office  he  filled  successfully  for  about  fourteen  years,  an  evi- 
dence of  his  high  integrity  and  sound  business  judgment. 

He  was  recognized  as  a  preacher  of  marked  pulpit  ability, 
a  church  organizer  and  one  of  the  most  influential  men  in  the 
synod. 

BACHMAN,  John,  D.D.,  LL.D. — Came  to  this  state  from  Rhine- 
beck,  N.  Y.,  in  January,  1815,  under  a  call  from  St.  John's 
Church,  Charleston,  of  which  he  remained  the  recognized  pas- 
tor for  nearly  fifty-seven  years,  then  passed  on  to  glory  Feb- 
ruary 24,  1874. 

He  was  elected  as  the  second  president  of  this  synod,  Novem- 
ber, 1824,  and  held  that  office  ten  consecutive  years.  Then, 
expressing  in  feeling  terms  his  gratitude  for  the  confidence  re- 
posed in  him,  he  insisted  on  being  allowed  to  retire  from  that 
office. 

He  was  prominent  in  the  synod  for  forty-six  years,  and  was 
the  chief  mover  in  the  establishment  of  our  Southern  Semi- 
nary and  Newberry  College. 

When  the  "General  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  of  the  Confederate  States"  was  organized  in  1863,  he 
was  elected  president  and  took  an  active  part  in  all  proceed- 
ings of  that  body. 

As  indicative  of  the  soul  of  the  man,  we  cite  the  fact  that 
during  an  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in  Charleston,  his  con- 
gregation   could   not    persuade   him    to    leave   the    city    and    he 


*NoTE. — AmoriK  the  personalities  that  have  helped  largely  in  makinfr  the  history 
of  the  synod  are  to  be  included  not  a  few  of  the  ministers  at  present  on  the  roll  of 
synod,   whose  biographical  sketches  form   Chapter   IX   of  this  book. 


248         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


therefore  remained  and  ministered  to  all  classes  of  people, 
nor  did  the  scourge  ever  touch  his  person. 

Being  a  naturalist  of  great  fame,  he  said  he  could  go  from 
the  sea  to  the  mountains,  carry  no  textbook  with  him,  and 
give  the  names  and  habits  of  every  plant,  bird,  animal  and 
reptile  to  which  his  attention  would  be  called. 

He  and  John  James  Audubon  were  the  joint  authors  of 
"Quadrupeds,  Birds  and  Reptiles  of  North  America",  one  of 
the  greatest  works  of  its  kind  ever  published  in  this  country. 

As  he  had  lived  so  he  died — a  true  soldier  of  the  cross. 

BOINEST,  Thaddeus  Street. — During  twenty  years  he  was  one  of 
the  outstanding  figures  in  this  synod,  and  few,  if  any,  of  our 
preachers  ever  touched  life  at  as  many  points  as  he  did. 

He  was  brought  up  in  Charleston  under  the  direction  of  the 
sainted  Dr.  John  Bachman,  and  was  thoroughly  trained  in  the 
doctrines  and  principles  of  our  evangelical  faith. 

Impressed  with  the  desire  and  duty  of  preaching  the  Gospel, 
all  of  his  energies  moved  in  that  direction.  Under  the  tutelage 
of  Dr.  Hazelius  and  Rev.  William  Berly  he  developed  traits 
and  abilities  which  made  him  the  equal  of  the  strongest  pulpit 
men  of  his  day;  and  the  records  of  the  synod  show  that  he 
was  always  in  demand.  In  the  affairs  of  Newberry  College 
he  was  in  the  front  rank;  and  as  secretary,  and  later  as  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  he  had  no  superior;  in  fact,  he 
was  a  power  in  the  synod.  During  four  years  consecutively 
he  was  president  of  the  synod — the  longest  term  of  any  presid- 
ing officer  up  to  that  time,  except  Dr.  Bachman, — and  from 
the  second  convention  of  the  General  Synod,  South,  he  was  a 
member  of  all  our  delegations  until  his  death.  As  preacher, 
pastor,  companion,  adviser  and  helper  in  every  good  work 
he  met  every  standard  of  excellence,  and  justly  deserves  a  place 
in  the  gallery  of  Christian  fame. 

HAZELIUS,  Ernest  Lewis,  D.D. — Came  into  the  life  of  this  synod 
in  1833,  having  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia,  filling  the  vacancy  made  by  the  death  of 
Rev.  J.  G.  Schwartz,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1853. 
So  highly  was  he  esteemed  by  the  King  and  Queen  of  Prus- 
sia, whence  he  originally  came,  that  in  1842,  on  a  visit  to  his 
Fatherland,  they  plead  with  him  to  return  and  spend  the 
remaining  days  with  them,  offering  a  lucrative  position.  How- 
ever, he  chose  to  remain  with  our  Seminary  and  train  the  min- 
istry of  our  Church  in  this  part  of  the  South.  This  he  did, 
finishing  out  a  great  life  work  February  20,  1853,  at  Lexington, 
where  his  ashes  await  the  day  of  resurrection. 


Leading  Personalities 


249 


His  career  with  us  is  more  fully  sketched  in  the  main  part 
of  the  history  of  this  synod.  A  history  of  his  life,  from  1808 
to  1853,  will  be  found  in  Annals  of  the  American  Lutheran 
Pulpit,  published  in  1869,  by  Carter  &  Brothers,  New  York. 


REV.   A.   R.   RUDE,    D.D. 

RUDE,  Anton  R.,  D.D. — In  some  respects,  a  more  remarkable 
man  never  lived  among  us  than  Rev.  Dr.  Anton  R.  Rude.  He 
was  born  in  Denmark,  October  25,  1813,  educated  first  in  his 
homeland,  then  at  Andover  and  Gettysburs,  where  he  studied 
theology.  He  was  ordained  to  the  office  of  the  ministry  in  1842. 
He  located  later  on  a  rich  farm  in  the  fertile  Shenandoah  Val- 
ley of  Virginia,  near  New  Market,  where  he  preached  and  gave 
himself  to  reading.  Here,  following  his  bent  of  mind,  he  read 
on  every  subject  and  imbibed  a  vast  knowledge  of  the  litera- 
ture of  the  world.  In  the  wide  range  of  literature,  science  and 
theology  he  exhibited  the  most  extensive  familiarity  and  never 
lacked  for  a  ready  answer  to  every  question.  He  told  the  writer 
that  he  read  the  whole  of  Shakespeare  in  English  three  times 
before  he  left  Denmark;  and  he  spoke  German  so  fluently  that 
he  was  frequently  taken  for  a  native  German. 


250         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Strong,  evangelical,  devoted  to  God  and  the  Church  and 
full  of  deep  sympathy,  he  was  at  once  a  preacher  and  writer 
of  acknowledged  ability.  He  was  the  devoted  pastor  of  Eben- 
ezer  Church.  Columbia,  for  many  years  and  was  greatly  loved 
by  his  people. 

It  was  during  this  period  that  he  kept  our  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  his  home  in  one  of  the  trying  transition  periods  in 
its  history.  Newberry  College  had  been  removed  to  Walhalla; 
the  Seminary  was  without  a  home  and  he  cared  for  the  two 
young  men;  G.  A.  Hough  and  C.  P.  Boozer,  who  were  students 
in  the  Seminary. 

Dr.  Rude  was  the  first  editor  of  The  Southern  Lutheran 
(1862-66)  and  The  Lutheran  Visitor  (1868-78).  His  ability 
as  editor  was  as  marked  as  was  his  scholarship  in  the  pulpit. 

At  the  close  of  his  active  ministry  with  us  a  touching  scene 
was  witnessed  in  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Charleston,  in  1882. 
The  synod  had  just  adopted  a  series  of  tenderly  worded  res- 
olutions of  regret  and  sympathy  because  of  his  failing  health 
and  retirement.  With  deep  feeling  he  responded,  gave  to  each 
member  a  parting  hand  shake,  pasesd  out,  and  they  "saw  him 
no  more".  He  went  to  the  home  of  an  only  son,  living  in 
Texas,  and  within  two  weeks  he  went  home  to  God,  May  21, 
1883. 

HAWKINS,  Jacob,  D.D.— Born  in  Newberry  County,  South  Caro- 
lina, September  4,  1828,  and  on  July  16,  1895,  called  to  his 
heavenly  reward.  He  was  confirmed  at  the  age  of  15  years, 
entered  the  Classical  and  Theological  Seminary  at  Lexington, 
S.  C,  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  at  the  completion  of  a  five 
years'  course  he  was  licensed  in  1855,  and  spent  forty  years 
in  the  active  ministry  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  a 
writer  possessed  of  rare  gifts;  a  contributor  to  magazines  and 
other  periodicals;  the  author  of  a  series  of  Catechisms,  and 
was  editor  of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  nearly  twenty  years. 

He  served  at  different  times  both  as  secretary  and  president 
of  this  synod:  was  for  many  years  on  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  Newberry  College,  and  was  an  influential  member  also  of 
the  General  Synod  South.  He  was  always  in  demand  as  one 
of  our  most  popular  preachers. 

BERLY,  William. — A  native  of  Newberry  County.  He  was  one 
of  the  brightest  early  graduates  of  our  Classical  and  Theolog- 
ical School  located  at  Lexington,  having  completed  his  course 
in  November,  1836.  Soon  thereafter  he  became  principal  of 
the  classical  department  and  also  taught  in  the  theological  de- 
partment.     He   was   not  only   a  preacher   of   splendid   ability. 


Leading  Personalities 


251 


but  a  highly  successful  teacher  as  well,  and  was  employed  as 
an  instructor  of  youth   for  thirty  years. 

When  the  Theological  Seminary  was  removed  to  Newberry, 
he  at  once  established  a  female  academy  in  the  vicinity  of  Lex- 
ington, of  which  he  remained  principal  until  a  short  time  be- 
fore his  death.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  all  affairs  of 
the  Church,  was  a  successful  organizer,  and  in  all  respects  one 
of  the  thoroughly  efficient  and  useful  men  in  the  synod,  pass- 
ing away  in  1873  in  his  sixty-third  year. 


REV.   J.   HAWKINS,   D.D. 


SLIGH,  J.  A.,  D.D. — Born  in  Newberry  County,  South  Carolina, 
December  12,  1835,  and  died  August  6,  1917,  in  his  eighty-sec- 
ond year.  In  his  early  youth  he  became  a  member  of  Beth 
Eden  Lutheran  Church,  and  soon  developed  a  strong  tendency 
towards  the  ministry.  All  his  studies  tended  in  that  direction. 
In  due  time  he  entered  the  Classical  and  Theological  School 
at  Lexington,  S.  C,  spent  two  years  there,  and  went  with  that 
institution  when  it  removed  to  Newberry  and  became  a  regu- 
larly constituted  college.  In  1858  he  was  employed  as  the  as- 
sistant of  Mr.  Whittle  in  the  Preparatory  Department  of  the  Col- 
lege and  in  1863  he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel.     He  was 


252         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


ordained  in  St.  Mark's  Church,  October  22,  1866.  Until  a  few 
years  before  his  death  he  was  active  in  all  the  work  of  the 
ministry  and  filled  positions  of  honor  and  trust  in  almost  every 
department  of  life.  He  was  continuously  the  pastor  of  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Newberry  County,  S.  C,  from  the  beginning  of 
his  ministry,  covering  forty-six  years,  in  the  meantime  serving 
other  congregations  in  the  synod. 

As  president  of  this  synod;  as  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Newberry  College;  and  as  church  builder,  he  was 
one  of  our  strongest  and  most  influential  preachers  of  the  Gos- 
pel. Newberry  College  never  had  a  better  advocate  and  sup- 
porter than  he;  but  his  noblest  monument  was  reared  in  the 
hearts  of  the  thousands  to  whom  he  preached  Christ  crucified, 
the  hope  of  the  world. 

WINGARD,  Emanuel  A.,  D.D. — A  native  of  Lexington  County, 
South  Carolina,  which  county  has  furnished  fifty  or  more  men  to 
the  Lutheran  ministry.  He  was  born  July  29,  1849,  and  died  No- 
vember 26,  1900,  rounding  out  52  years  of  a  noble  Christian 
life,  twenty-five  of  which  were  devoted  to  the  ministry  of  the 
Word  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  designated  "a  born 
poet",  and  published  a  volume  of  verse  before  he  died. 

A  devout  child  of  God  from  his  earliest  years  and  possessed 
of  a  brilliant  intellect,  he  graduated  from  Newberry  College 
in  his  twenty-third  year,  bearing  off  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class  and  then  taking  the  course  in  the  Theological  Seminary 
with  the  same  ease  and  brilliancy.  A  fine  scholar,  a  preacher 
of  rare  ability,  a  pastor  in  the  truest  sense  and  a  man  of  the 
highest  ideals,  he  has  left  an  undying  impress  on  the  Church 
in  the  South.  The  original  St.  Paul's  Church,  Columbia,  S.  C, 
where  he  spent  a  half  of  his  ministerial  life,  will  always  be  re- 
membered as  one  of  the  jewels  in  his  crown  of  pastoral  devo- 
tion. 

HOLLAND,  Geo.  W.,  Ph.D.,  D.D.— Came  into  the  life  of  this  synod 
in  1873  as  the  pastor  of  the  Bethlehem  charge.  Pomaria,  S.  C, 
which  he  served  with  marked  success.  His  ability  as  a  teacher, 
however,  was  too  well  known  for  him  to  be  long  kept  out  of 
college  work.  Accordingly  in  1874  he  was  elected  to  the  Pro- 
fesorship  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages  and  literature  in 
Newberry  College  and  began  a  brilliant  career  in  that  insti- 
tution, which  lasted  to  the  hour  of  his  death,  September  30, 
1895.  In  1877  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  Newberry  Col- 
lege, and  in  1878  became  its  honored  president;  and  through- 
out his  life  in  the  synod  and  the  College  he  held  the  high  es- 
teem and  love  of  all  our  people. 


Leading  Personalities  -       253 


His  fine  personality,  his  deep  piety,  persuasive  force  in  the 
pulpit  and  in  the  College,  and  his  nohle  traits  of  character,  won 
all  hearts  to  Him.  His  whole  life  and  bearing  placed  him  at 
once  in  the  front  rank  as  a  leader  of  men;  and  he  embodied 
in  himself  the  highest  type  of  the  Christian  scholar  and  per- 
fect gentleman.  Faithful  unto  death,  his  last  words  were, 
"God  bless  Newberry  College." 

BOOZER,  Cornelius  Prioleau. — Born  in  Newberry  County,  South 
Carolina,  in  1846,  and  died  January  25,  1921.  When  a  young 
man,  like  many  others,  he  left  Newberry  College  and  enlisted  in 
the  Confederate  Army,  losing  an  arm  in  battle.  In  1866  he  re- 
sumed his  studies  in  Newberry  College,  graduating  with  the 
class  of  1870.  Subsequently  he  studied  theology  under  Rev. 
A.  R.  Rude,  D.D.,  while  the  Southern  Seminary  was  tempor- 
arily located  in  Columbia.  He  was  a  faithful,  painstaking 
student,  a  sermonizer  of  excellent  ability,  and  was  sound  and 
evangelical  as  a  teacher  of  the  Word. 

In  1885  he  was  elected  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  New- 
berry College,  and  served  faithfully  and  efficiently  up  to  very 
near  the  close  of  his  life.  He  was,  moreover,  the  first  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Summerland  College.  Two  years  he  was 
the  president  of  this  synod,  and  held  other  official  positions  in 
this  body;  but  perhaps  his  services  as  treasurer  of  the  Bachman 
Endowment  Fund,  which  office  he  filled  from  1892  to  near 
the  close  of  his  life,  more  than  anything  else  illustrated  his  fine 
ability,  sound  business  judgment  and  high  integrity.  His  loy- 
alty and  devotion  to  the  interests  of  Newberry  College  were 
marked  features  of  his  life;  and  in  the  exercise  of  his  splendid 
gifts  he  was  a  power  in  the  affairs  of  the  Church. 

HORN,  Edward  Traill,  D.D.,  LL.D.— Son  of  Col.  Melchior  Hay 
and  Matilda  Heller  Horn.  He  was  born  at  Easton,  Pa.,  June 
10,  1850,  and  died  March  4,  1915,  being  in  his  65th  year. 

Dr.  Horn  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg, 
Pa.,  in  1869.  He  studied  theology  in  the  Philadelphia  The- 
ological Seminary,  graduating  in  1872.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  and  served  Christ  Church, 
Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  as  his  first  parish,  1872-1876.  He 
was  then  called  to  historic  St.  John's  Church,  Charleston,  S.  C, 
which  church  he  served  from  1876-1897.  During  this  time  he 
figured  actively  and  prominently  in  the  founding  of  the  United 
Synod  of  the  South.  He  was  called  to  Trinity  Church,  Read- 
ing, Pa.,  in  1897,  serving  this  large  and  important  parish  un- 
til he  followed  the  call  of  the  Church  to  the  professorship 
of  Ethics  and  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Missions  in  the  Phila- 


254         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


delphia  Theological   Seminary   in    1911.     This  chair  he   filled 
with  marked  success  until  his  death  in  1915. 

Dr.  Horn  was  a  recognized  power  in  the  Church,  a  man  of 
strong  personality  and  a  natural  leader.  He  was  twice  hon- 
ored with  the  title  of  D.D.,  and  later  received  the  title  of  LL.D. 
Although  serving  in  important  and  strenuous  parishes,  he  main- 
tained the  most  studious  hahits  and  attained  eminence  as  a 
scholar  and  an  authority  especially  on  questions  of  liturgies. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  following  books:     The  Christian  Year, 


REV.    E.    T.    HORN,    D.D.,    LL.D. 

1876;  Old  Matin  and  Vesper  Services  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
1882;  The  Evangelical  Pastor,  1887;  Outlines  of  Liturgies, 
1890;  Lutheran  Sources  of  the  Common  Service,  1890;  Eng- 
lish Translation  of  Loehe's  Catechism,  1893;  Commentary  on 
Philippians,  I  and  H  Thessalonians  and  Philemon,  1896;  The 
Application  of  Lutheran  Principles  to  the  Church  Building, 
1905;  Summer  Sermons,  1908;  Translation  of  Loehe's  Three 
Books  on  the  Church,  1908,  and  also  a  number  of  contribu- 
tions to  The  Lutheran  Church  Review,  The  Lutheran  Cyclo- 
pedia and   various  church   papers. 


Leading  Personalities  255 


SMELTZER,  Josiah  Pierce,  D.D.— Came  into  the  life  of  this  synod 
in  1862,  under  the  call  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry 
College.  The  War  Between  the  States  was  on;  Rev.  Dr.  J.  A. 
Brown  had  gone  back  to  York,  Pa.,  early  in  January  of  that 
year,  and  a  crisis  had  come  into  the  life  of  the  College.  The 
Board  met  in  extra  session,  and  on  February  5,  1862,  extended 
a  call  to  that  quiet  but  heroic  man  of  God. 

He  was  elected  president  pro  tern  of  the  College,  and  pro- 
fessor of  theology  in  the  Theological  Seminary.  Later  he 
was  made  president  of  the  College. 

At  the  same  time  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Newberry 
Lutheran  Church,  which  he  filled  with  great  satisfaction.  Early 
in  May  of  that  year  a  contagious  disease  broke  out  in  the  town, 
and  the  college  exercises  were  suspended  about  the  first  of 
June  and  were  not  fully  resumed  until  September,  with  about 
fifty  pupils,  including  all  departments.  President  Smeltzer 
then  faced  trials  which  have  never  confronted  any  other  pres- 
ident of  the  College;  but  he  faced  them  unflinchingly,  stood 
firm  when  Federal  soldiers  occupied  the  building,  and  estab- 
lished a  bakery  in  his  home  that  he  might  support  his  family 
and  keep  the  College  going. 

Faithfully  he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  high  office  up  to 
the  closing  of  the  session  of  1876-1877,  and  then  laid  down 
a  position  which  he  had  held  sixteen  years,  leaving  a  mem- 
ory which  will  live  down  to  the  end  of  time.  His  name  is 
worthy  to  be  carved  in  marble  and  brass,  painted  in  letters  of 
gold,   and   thus   handed   down   to   the   generations   yet   unborn. 

BERLY,  John  Eusebius,  M.D.— A  son  of  Dr.  Joel  A.  Berly  of 
Pomaria,  S.  C,  who  was  a  physician  held  in  high  esteem  by 
all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Rev.  William  Berly, 
at  one  time  professor  in  our  Southern  Seminary.  Coming, 
as  he  did,  from  a  family  distinguished  for  intellectual  ability 
and  high  moral  and  religious  character,  he  was  distinguished 
by  the  same  traits  of  noljility  and  excellence. 

Educated  in  the  best  academic  schools  of  his  section,  gradu- 
ated from  Newberry  College,  trained  in  our  Southern  Seminary, 
and  then  graduate  from  the  Philadelphia  Seminary,  perhaps 
no  other  young  man  ever  entered  the  ministry  in  our  Church 
in  the  South  more  thoroughly  educated  and  equipped  for  his 
chosen  calling  than  he.  He  had  previously  graduated  in  medi- 
cine and  practiced  for  a  year  and  a  half,  but  felt  the  call  of 
God  to  preach  the  Gospel  of  Christ  to  men.  Accordingly  he 
was  ordained  in  1886,  and  in  September  was  installed  over 
Pastorate  No.  9,  Selwood,  S.  C,  which  he  served  up  to  July 
19,  1890,  when  he  passed  to  his  home  in  glory.     In  1887  he 


256         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


was  elected  secretary  of  this  synod,  and  served  efficiently  to 
the  close  of  his  life.  His  remains  rest  under  the  shadow  of 
the  church  in  which  this  synod  was  organized  in  1824,  and  of 
which  he  was  the  pastor  when  called  to  his  reward. 

An  unwritten  page  in  his  modest,  though  brilliant  life,  de- 
serves to  be  recorded  in  this  sketch.  When  in  the  Charleston 
Medical  College  some  prominent  members  of  the  old,  historic 
Congregational  church  of  that  city  learned  to  know  and  love 
him.  Later  on,  when  he  entered  the  ministry,  he  was  asked 
to  become  its  pastor.  He  declined  that  remarkable  offer,  pre- 
ferring to  remain  with  his  present  pastorate. 

WILSON,  James  Herbert,  D.D. — Born  at  Williamston,  South 
Carolina,  April  16,  1854,  and  died  at  Sumter,  South  Caro- 
lina, July  11,  1919.  His  father  and  mother  died  when 
he  was  three  years  old  and  he  was  left  to  the  care 
of  foster-parents.  He  entered  the  Freshman  class  of  New- 
berry College  in  1873,  and  was  graduated  in  1877.  He  com- 
pleted the  course  in  our  Theological  Seminary,  at  Salem,  in 
1880,  and  he  was  ordained  by  the  South  Carolina  Synod  in 
November  of  that  year.  During  his  ministry  of  thirty-nine 
years,  he  served  pastorates  at  Early  Branch,  Cameron,  Ehr- 
hardt,   Orangeburg,   Salisbury,   Savannah,   and   Sumter. 

In  1880  Newberry  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts,  and  in  1905,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity. As  financial  agent,  in  1907-08,  he  canvassed  the  Southern 
Lutheran  Church  for  our  Orphan  Home  and  raised  the  money 
to  pay  a  debt  of  $17,000.  He  loved  and  attracted  children, 
and  by  disposition,  as  well  as  by  bitter  experience,  he  was 
inclined  to  help  the  orphans.  He  also  did  valuable  work  as 
financial  agent  of  Marion  College. 

For  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Newberry  College  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Theological  Seminary.  His  loyalty  to  this  synod  and 
its  institutions  was  absolute  and  unfaltering.  His  familiarity 
with  the  history  of  the  synod  and  with  its  procedure,  together 
with  his  sound  judgment  and  saving  common  sense,  made  his 
services  invaluable.  He  was  a  wise  leader,  an  able  preacher, 
a  strong  debater.  He  served  several  terms  as  president  of 
synod,  and  was  often  a  delegate  to  the  United  Synod. 

His  grasp  of  the  underlying  principles  of  our  faith  was  firm 
and  sincere.  He  preached  the  simple  Gospel.  At  the  time  of 
his  passing  he  was  president  of  the  Ministerial  Association  of 
Sumter,  and  one  of  the  surviving  members  paid  him  the  fine 
and  well  merited  tribute  of  declaring  that  he  was  loved  and 
admired  by  the  entire  community,  without  regard  to  creed,  and 


Leading  Personalities  257 


that  his  simple  faith  in  Christ  had  made  a  profound  impression 
upon  the  entire  community. 

MULLER,  Henry. — The  name  of  Henry  Muller  is  first  found  in  the 
proceedings  of  this  synod  in  1827,  representing  the  following 
congregations  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher:  Zion's, 
St.  Peter's,  St.  Michael's,  Bethlehem,  Nazareth,  and  Sandy  Run, 
From  that  date  on  his  name  frequently  occurs  on  committees, 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Classical  and  Theological  Insti- 
tute, founded  later  on  at  Lexington,  S.  C,  and  when  that  school 
was  located  there  in  1832  he  was  one  of  the  prime  factors  in  its 
establishment,  he  and  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  being  on  a  special 
committee  to  make  estimates  of  the  properties  offered  by  Sandy 
Run  (where  Mr.  Muller  resided)  and  Lexington  village.  Mr. 
Muller  himself  gave  $4,000  for  the  establishment  of  that  insti- 
tution. It  was  the  largest  individual  gift  to  the  cause  of  Lu- 
theran education  which  had  been  made  in  South  Carolina  un- 
til that  time.  Subsequently  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher  and  Mr. 
Henry  Muller  were  appointed  a  committee  to  solicit  donations 
and  subscriptions  for  our  Theological  Seminary. 

It  will,  then,  be  readily  seen  that  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  a  real  benefactor,  and  worthy  of  being  held  in  grateful 
memory. 

SUMMlR,  Henry. — Was  born  in  Lexington  District  (now  New- 
berry County)  on  April  11,  1809.  He  was  the  son  of  John 
Summer  and  wife  (Mary  Margaret  Houseal  Summer),  his 
father  being  the  only  son  of  Capt.  Nicholas  Summer,  who  was 
killed  at  Granby  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  He  was  thus 
the  grandson  of  the  pioneer  John  Adam  Summer  (the  father 
of  Nicholas  Summer),  who  came  from  Odenwald,  Germany,  in 
1741,  and  after  landing  at  Philadelphia  proceeded  to  South 
Carolina  and  became  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  Dutch  Fork 
of  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers.  A  large  body  of  immigrants 
accompanied  him,  having  crossed  the  Broad  River  at  Cohoes 
Falls  (now  the  site  of  the  Parr  Shoals  Power  Company). 

Henry  Summer  was  graduated  from  South  Carolina  College 
(now  the  University)  in  1831,  with  the  A.B.  degree,  and  began 
immediately  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  his  brother,  Nich- 
olas Summer,  at  Newberry.  He  located  in  Talladega,  Ala., 
to  practice  his  profession,  but  his  brother  Nicholas  dying  in 
the  Seminole  War,  he  returned  to  Newberry  within  about  a 
year  and  assumed  his  brother's  law  practice,  and  thus  made 
his  home  in  that  town  for  the  remainder  of  his  life,  becom- 
ing eminent  in  his  profession  and  a  most  useful  citizen.  He 
was  quiet  in  disposition   and   studious  in  habit,   with   a  deep 


258         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


and  abiding  passion  for  the  best  books.  He  possessed  the 
largest  and  most  select  law  library  of  the  time,  it  being  his 
custom  to  purchase  new  and  rare  books  on  trips  to  New  York 
and  Boston*  at  least  every  two  years.  His  library  embraced 
also  many  valuable  volumes  of  history,  philosophy,  and  even 
theology.  He  was  an  earnest  student  of  theology,  having  been 
occupied  at  the  time  of  his  death  (in  1869)  in  writing  a  book 
on  "Relation  of  History  and  Religion",  several  essays  on  this 
and  similar  subiects  from  his  able  pen  having  been  published 
in  Star  of  tJie  West,  a  Cincinnati  paper. 

The  state  never  had  a  more  public-spirited  citizen.  As  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  and  later  registrar  in  bank- 
ruptcy for  the  district  in  which  he  resided  ( having  been  ap- 
pointed after  the  Confederate  War  to  this  office  by  the  Federal 
Government)  he  performed  conspicuous  service  and  at  the 
same  time  was  instrumental  in  the  upbuilding  of  his  own  town. 
He  was  not  only  a  patron  of  learning  himself  but  he  exerted 
his  splendid  influence  among  young  men  to  persuade  them  to 
secure  a  liberal  education.  With  this  end  in  view,  and  to  ad- 
vance the  cause  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  to  whose  faith  he 
was  earnestly  devoted,  he  was  deeply  interested  in  the  move- 
ment to  establish  a  college  at  Newberry.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  committee  which  formulated  the  charter  for  Newberry 
College  and  was  ever  after  a  staunch  supporter  of  the  insti- 
tution. He  held  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  the  College  from  its  organization,  January  13,  1857, 
until  his  death  in  1869.  His  term  in  this  office  embraced  the 
most  trying  period  in  the  history  of  the  College,  yet  he  never 
wavered  in  unselfish  and  loyal  service,  and  even  when  many 
of  the  supporters  of  the  institution  were  losing  hope,  his  of- 
ficial reports  to  the  synod,  while  relating  in  the  most  candid 
manner  the  difficulties  of  the  situation,  voiced  a  clear  and 
optimistic  note. 

An  incident  showing  his  devotion  to  the  interest  of  the  Col- 
lege is  the  following.  On  one  occasion  while  in  Charleston  on 
his  way  to  Florida  to  inspect  his  large  planting  interests,  he 
met  Rev.  John  Bachman.  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
who  informed  him  that  he  was  planning  to  call  a  important 
meeting  of  the  Board  and  expressed  regret  that  Mr.  Summer 
would  be  absent  from  the  meeting.  Mr.  Summer  at  once  can- 
celed his  visit  to  Florida  at  that  time  and  returned  to  New- 
berry for  the  meeting. 

A  thrilling  incident  during  the  closing  days  of  the  Confed- 
erate War  transpired  to  shorten  his  life.  His  health  had  be- 
come greatly  impaired  by  the  exigencies  of  the  period  of  1861- 
65,  and  he  sought  rest  and  recuperation   at  his  plantation   at 


Leading  Personalities  259 


Cross  Roads.  While  in  this  enfeebled  condition  a  portion  of 
the  Federal  army  under  General  Sherman  overran  his  farm, 
and  his  home  was  burned  by  the  soldiers  because  of  his  ina- 
bility to  comply  with  their  demands  for  money,  which  they 
charged  he  had  concealed  on  his  premises.  He  was  carried 
to  the  barn  by  the  soldiers,  who  placed  a  rope  around  his  neck 
and  threatened  to  hang  him  if  he  did  not  reveal  the  hiding 
place.  Mr.  Summer  calmly  explained  that  he  had  no  money 
and  begged  permission  to  offer  a  prayer.  Kneeling  in  the  barn 
he  fervently  offered  a  petition  to  God,  at  the  same  time  ask- 
ing forgiveness  for  the  soldiers,  his  tormentors.  The  firm 
Christian  attitude  of  Mr.  Summer  confused  the  soldiers,  who, 
alarmed  at  this  unusual  proceeding,  and  hesitating,  a  superior 
officer  came  upon  the  scene  and  ordered  the  captive  set  free. 
His  health,  impaired  by  this  hardship,  continued  to  decline 
and  he  passed  away  in  his  sixtieth  year,  January  3,  1869, 
mourned  throughout  the  state.  His  grave  is  very  near  the 
place  of  his  birth  in  the  family  burying  ground  near  the  old 
Pomaria  Nurseries. 

HOUSEAL,  William  Walter. — Born  in  Newberry  County,  South 
Carolina,  August  15,  1818.  His  father,  John  Houseal,  was 
descended  from  Capt.  William  Frederick  Houseal  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame,  who  was  one  of  the  original  German  settlers 
of  the  Dutch  Fork.  He  died  when  William  Walter  was  six 
years  old,  thus  leaving  him  the  last  male  member  of  his  line. 
When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  confirmed  in  the  old  his- 
toric church,  St.  John's,  Broad  River,  and  in  the  truest  sense 
he  lived  up  to  the  sacred  vows  then  taken.  When  called  home, 
November  1,  1889,  his  death  was  lamented  by  thousands  of 
faithful  friends. 

He  was  educated  at  the  Classical  Institute,  Lexington,  S.  C, 
finishing  his  course  about  1840,  after  which  he  taught  school 
several  years,  and  also  engaged  in  farming.  Removing  from 
Pomaria,  S.  C,  he  located  in  the  northwestern  section  of  New- 
berry County,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Beth  Eden  Church. 
In  January,  1853,  he  located  at  Newberry  and  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  "Luther  Chapel",  now  the  Church  of  the 
Redeemer,  and  aided  liberally  in  building  that  house  of  wor- 
ship. When  that  congregation  was  organized  in  1853,  he  was 
elected  on  the  church  council,  and  served  continuously  until 
his  death.  His  labors,  however,  were  not  confined  to  the  local 
church,  but  were  widely  distributed.  He  was  treasurer  of  this 
synod  1862-1865,  and  served  as  delegate  to  both  the  district 
and  the  General  Synod  a  number  of  terms.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College  and  the 


260 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  SyxNod 


Theological  Seminary.  He  aided  materially  in  the  erection 
of  the  first  college  building,  and  also  in  its  relocation  in  New- 
berry, when  the  institution  came  back  from  Walhalla  in  1877. 
He  was  honored  by  the  people  of  the  county  first  by  being 
elected  sheriff  in  1855,  and  again  in  1863.  He  was  then  elected 
county  assessor,  1866-1868,  and  served  nearly  three  terms  as 
county  auditor,  his  death  occuring  when  completing  his  third 
term  in  this  office.  He  was  one  of  the  most  highly  esteemed 
merchants  of  Newberry,  from  1853-1884.  In  all  the  relations 
of  his  useful  life  he  maintained  a  high  sense  of  honor  and  of 
Christian  manhood.  True  to  his  fellowmen,  his  Church  and 
his  God,  he  was  deserving  of  the  honors  conferred  upon  him. 


JACOB    S.    SCHIRMER 

SCHIRMER,  Jacob  F.— The  name  of  this  devout  and  faithful  ser- 
vant of  God  appears  first  in  the  records  of  this  synod  at  the 
convention  of  1830;  and  from  that  time  to  the  date  of  his  death, 
October  12,  1880,  his  life  was  closely  linked  with  our  synod 
as  delegate  to  or  officer  of  this  body.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Synodical  Missionary  Society,  which  position 
he  held  continuously  up  to  1870;  and  in  the  meantime  he  was 
also  elected  the   treasurer   of  the  Seminary  Fund;   and,   while 


Leading  Personalities 


261 


a  great  majority  of  institutions  lost  all  their  funds  during  the 
existence  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  such  was  his  business 
tact,  judgment  and  care  that  he  preserved  almost  intact  our 
Seminary  Fund.  This  office  he  held  1857-1879.  His  interest 
in  the  synod  was  shown  by  the  fact  that  he  was  perhaps  the 
only  man  at  that  time  who  had  preserved  a  complete  file  of 
the  minutes  of  the  synod;  and  this  enabled  him,  at  the  request 
of  this  body,  to  collect  and  publish  a  sketch  of  the  Lutheran 
congregations  of  South  Carolina;  which  sketch  was  approved 
by  the  Synod,  October,  1873. 

His  blameless  life,  his  devotion  to  God  and  all  the  interests 
of  the  Church  he  loved  so  well,  and  his  more  than  forty  years 
of  faithful  service  in  this  synod,  bespeak  for  him  the  undying 
gratitude  of  our  whole  Church  in  the  South. 


MAJOR    P.    E.    WISE 


WISE,  Patrick  E. — Born  in  Newberry  County,  S.  C,  October 
6,  1830,  and  on  May  18,  1895,  passed  from  a  life  of  great  use- 
fulness to  the  rest  and  glory  of  heaven.  In  his  fifteenth  year 
he  was  confirmed  at  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  Church;  when  only 
eighteen  he  was  elected  to  office  and  throughout  life  he  adorned 
"the  doctrine  of  God  our  Savior  in  all  things".     He  was  prom- 


262 


History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


inent  in  the  councils  of  the  Church,  an  active  participant  in  the 
work  of  the  synod,  and  in  the  truest  sense  the  abiding  friend 
of  the  pastor. 

For  thirty  years  he  was  the  honored  treasurer  of  this  synod, 
and  not  a  single  discrepancy  was  ever  found  in  his  accounts. 
Nor  did  Newberry  College  ever  have  a  truer  friend,  nor  a  more 
faithful  member  of  her  Board  of  Trustees.  He  stood  by  the  old 
college  when  its  life  was  seriously  threatened  and  rejoiced  in 
its  every  success.  In  the  words  of  Doctor  Geo.  B.  Cromer; 
"In  business  he  was  just  and  honest;  in  his  intercourse  with 
others  gentle,  courteous  and  unassuming;  in  his  official  capac- 
ity punctual,  regular,  and  faithful.  His  devotion  to  the  Church 
was  strong  and  unwavering,  and  he  bore  in  his  life  the  peace- 
able fruits  of  ri";hteousness." 


O.    B.   MAYER,   M.D. 


MAYER,  Orlando  Benedict,  Sr.,  M.D.,  A.M.— This  distinguished 
scholar  and  man  of  God  was  a  graduate  of  the  old  South  Caro- 
lina College  in  its  palmiest  days.  Later  on  he  finished  his  med- 
ical education  at  Paris.  He  was  recognized  throughout  his  pro- 
fessional  career  as  one  of  the   finest  physicians  and   surgeons 


Leading  Personalities  263 


in  the  South,  and  he  was  in  the  truest  sense  "The  friend  of 
man".  No  sufferer  ever  appealed  to  him  in  vain;  nor  did 
he  ever  forget  his  allegiance  to  God  and  the  Church.  When 
he  passed  away,  July  16,  1891,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year, 
this  synod  felt  that  it  had  lost  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
laymen  in  the  southern  Lutheran  Church.  Not  only  was  he 
a  classical  scholar  of  rare  attainments,  but  also  a  talented 
musician,  being  an  authority  on  vocal  music,  and  himself  a 
composer  of  no  small  ability. 

For  many  years  his  life  was  linked  with  that  of  Newberry 
College.  He  served  on  its  Board  of  Trustees,  and  for  a  series 
of  years  he  was  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Geology,  Botany,  and 
Lecturer  on  Physiology  and  Hygiene.  He  was  an  outstanding 
figure  in  this  synod,  and  the  fruit  of  his  labors  endures. 

BACHMAN,  William  Kunhardt. — The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
a  son  of  Rev.  John  Bachman,  D.D.,  LL.D.  He  was  born  No- 
vember 23,  1830,  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  died  October  29, 
1901,  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  in  which  city  he  practiced  law  from 
1856  throughout  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  educated 
at  the  College  of  Charleston,  and  after  three  years'  study  at  the 
University  of  Goettingen,  Germany,  entered  fully  upon  his 
legal  career. 

He  was  Assistant  Attorney  General  of  this  state  eleven  years, 
1877-1888,  having  thus  given  the  commonwealth  the  benefit 
of  his  wise  counsel  in  the  restoration  of  the  state  from  the 
misrule  of  reconstruction  times  in  the  initial  period  of  Gov- 
ernor Wade  Hampton's  administration.  He  was  no  less  dis- 
tinguished during  the  War  Between  the  States.  He  trained  an 
infantry  company  in  military  tactics,  and  this  unit  became 
famous  under  his  command,  as  Captain,  as  part  of  the  re- 
nowned "Hampton  Legion";  and  as  "Bachman's  Battery"  his 
command   did   valiant  service   throughout  the   war. 

When  he  located  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  he  identified  himself 
with  Ebenezer  Church,  and  served  forty  years  on  the  Church 
Council,  1861-1901. 

In  the  establishment  of  our  College  in  Newberry,  S.  C,  he 
was  an  efficient  helper  and  rendered  invaluable  service  as  one 
of  its  Board  of  Trustees.  He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the 
Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  synod,  and  served  in  a  sim- 
ilar capacity  for  the  Relief  of  Disabled  Ministers. 

High-toned,  fair,  honorable,  and  just  as  a  legal  counsellor, 
and  true  to  the  principles  of  right,  he  was  never  found  want- 
ing. When  a  tribute  to  his  memory  was  written,  after  his  death, 
the  writer  closed  with  these  words:  "His  life  was  one  of  devo- 
tion to  his  family,  his  state,  his  people,  and,  above  all  else, 


264  History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


to  God  and  his  Church.     Generous,  brave,  loyal  to  his  friends, 
many  that  he  leaves  behind  will   sincerely  mourn  his  death." 

CHISOLM,  Robert  George. — Few  men  have  contributed  to  the  good 
of  their  neighbors  in  loving  service  and  in  the  true  spirit  of 
Christian  fellowship,  proportionately  as  much  and  as  gener- 
ously as  did  Robert  George  Chisolm.  He  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  on  November  30,  1831,  and  died  in  that  city  on  De- 
cember 22,  1907.  His  father,  Robert  Trail  Chisolm,  was  one 
of  Charleston's  prominent  citizens,  and  with  a  brother  was  the 
owner  of  the  widely-known  Chisolm's  Rice  Mill,  which  in  its 
day  was  one  of  the  most  prosperous  institutions  of  its  kind  in 
South  Carolina.  The  mill  was  a  solid  brick  structure  and  still 
stands  with  its  top  story  razed,  as  a  monument  of  departed 
prosperity. 

In  later  years  he  became  interested  in  the  profitable  and 
extensive  business  of  mining  and  manufacturing  phosphate 
rock,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  held  an  important,  and 
responsible  position  in  the  Charleston  Mining  and  Manufac- 
turing Company. 

At  times  Mr.  Chisolm  was  also  engaged  in  other  enterprises 
connected  with  or  growing  out  of  his  chief  undertakings.  Thus 
he  was  ever  diligent  in  the  prosecution  of  some  useful  avoca- 
tion, and  yet  he  always  found  ample  opportunity  for  gratuitous 
and  useful  service  in  the  great  fields  of  charity,  of  benevolence 
and  of  religion. 

On  April  23,  1859,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Mary  Gregg  of  Mars  Bluff,  S.  C,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons 
and  two  daughters  who  survived  him.  His  elder  daughter  be- 
came the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Edward  T.  Horn,  of  blessed  mem- 
ory. In  his  later  life,  upon  the  death  of  Mrs.  Chisolm,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Maria  L.  Horlbeck  of  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

In  his  young  manhood  he  became  deeply  interested  in  the 
Sunday  School  of  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church  of  Charleston, 
and  was  later  chosen  as  its  superintendent,  which  important 
position  he  continued  to  fill  with  marked  success  to  the  end 
of  his  life,  nearly  a  half  century  of  service! 

He  was  also  elected  to  the  responsible  office  of  president  of 
the  corporation  of  St.  John's  Church,  and  of  its  vestry  and 
church  council,  which  offices  he  held  to  the  day  of  his  death, 
nearly   a  score   of  years. 

He  was  frequently  sent  in  his  earlier  life  as  a  delegate  to 
the  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  South  Caro- 
lina and  Adjacent  States,  and  his  practical  business  capacity 
made  him  a  useful  member  of  that  body. 


Leading  Personalities  265 


He  was  a  life-member  of  the  Charleston  Bible  Society,  which, 
it  may  be  remarked,  is  even  older  in  point  of  years  than  the 
American  Bible  Society,  and  he  served  most  acceptably  as  its 
president  one  or  more  terms. 

Always  mindful  of  the  poor  and  needy  he  was  from  its  foun- 
dation an  active  member  of  the  Associated  Charities  Society  of 
Charleston,  S.  C.  He  was  elected  as  president  of  this  useful 
oro;anization   and  served  as  such  for  several   successive  terms. 

As  a  thank-offering  the  congregation  of  St.  John's  on  one 
of  its  anniversaries  resolved  to  build  St.  Barnabas'  Church  on 
America  Street  in  Charleston.  The  necessary  funds  were  pro- 
vided almost  wholly  but  not  altogether  by  the  people  of  St. 
John's.  One  member  deeded  the  lot  of  land  on  which  the  build- 
ing was  erected,  Mr.  Chisolm  contributed  more  than  half  the 
lumber  needed,  (the  structure  was  entirely  of  wood  I  and  the 
late  John  H.  Steinmeyer  of  Charleston  contributed  the  balance 
of  the  lumber.  There  were  of  course  also  contributions  of 
cash.  Mr.  Chisolm  took  a  very  deep  interest  in  the  project, 
and  its  successful  completion  caused  him  to  rejoice  with  a 
thankful  heart. 

As  a  citizen  he  always  took  a  keen  interest  in  civic  affairs. 
His  ballot  was  cast  only  after  careful  investigation  of  the  men 
and  the  methods  proposed.  Without  any  seeking  on  his  part 
he  was  elected  an  alderman  of  the  City  of  Charleston  and  as 
such  rendered  useful  service  during  the  noteworthy  adminis- 
tration of  Mayor  Courtenay. 

Thus  the  useful  life  of  this  exemplary  citizen  was  spent  in 
unending  service.  To  him  service  was  not  only  a  bounden 
duty  but  a  continuing  source  of  unmixed  happiness.  He  fully 
experienced  the  truth  that  in  promoting  the  happiness  of  his 
neighbor  he  was  enhancing  his  own. 

The  liberality  of  Mr.  Chisolm  was  proverbial.  He  regu- 
larly set  aside  a  specific  fraction  of  his  income  for  charity  and 
benevolence,  and  he  was  thus  always  in  funds  to  respond  when 
the  call  came.  The  fund  so  set  apart  was  a  sacred  apjjropri- 
ation  for  the  Lord's  treasury  and  could  not  be  otherwise  used. 

BOOZER,  David  Luther. — Youngest  son  of  Mr.  David  Boozer  and 
Mrs.  Katherine  Rawl  Boozer.  Born  on  his  father's  farm  near 
Lexington,  S.  C,  September  11,  1833.  When  he  came  to  years 
of  maturity  he  chose  dentistry  as  a  profession,  locating  in  Co- 
lumbia, S.  C.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  Theological 
Seminary,  then  located  at  Lexington,  and  was  always  a  great 
friend  of  the  students.  Soon  after  locating  in  Columbia  the 
War  Between  the  States  began  and  he  volunteered  for  service, 
remaining  in  the  war  to  the  close.     After  the  war  he  moved 


266         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


his  membership  to  Ebenezer  Church,  Columbia,  where  for  many 
years  he  was  active  in  both  the  local  and  the  general  church 
work,  often  being  a  delegate  to  synod. 

When  in  the  minds  of  some  of  the  members  it  was  consid- 
ered wise  to  begin  another  church  in  Columbia,  which  culmi- 
nated in  organizing  St.  Paul's,  Dr.  Boozer  became  a  charter 
member  of  this  church,  which  was  organized  in  his  home, 
1320  Blanding  Street.  He  was  elected  an  elder  of  St.  Paul's 
and  faithfully  served  in  that  capacity  till  his  death,  June  26, 
1902. 

Dr.  Boozer's  interest  in  the  Lutheran  Church  was  broader 
than  the  boundary  lines  of  the  local  church.  He  kept  well 
posted  as  to  her  work  and  needs,  and  actively  linked  his  life 
with  the  welfare  of  the  whole  Church.  Moreover,  although 
loyal  to  the  Church  of  his  fathers,  he  was  not  unmindful  of  the 
worth  and  work  of  other  denominations,  among  whom  he  had 
many  faithful  friends. 

The  Theological  Seminary  was  ever  near  and  dear  to  his 
soul,  nor  did  he  fail  to  use  his  means  and  influence  in  its  be- 
half. Largely  through  his  solicitation  two  of  his  nephews,  who 
enjoyed  the  means  to  do  so,  became  liberal  helpers  in  the  build- 
ing up  of  this  important  institution.  Devoted  to  his  family, 
his  Church  and  his  God,  his  influence  abides. 

EPTING,  Jacob. — Eldest  child  of  Adam  and  Eve  (Koon)  Epting. 
Born  in  Newberry  County,  South  Carolina,  October  18,  1823. 
He  was  brought  up  on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
he  was  married,  January  28,  1847,  to  Elizabeth  Vina  Kinard, 
daughter  of  William  and  Christena  (Werts)  Kinard,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Capt.  John  Werts,  an  officer  in  the  American  Army 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  his  wife  Anna  Catherine 
( Hair ) .     To  this  union  ten  children  were  born. 

After  a  few  years  spent  on  a  farm  near  his  parental  home, 
Jacob  Epting  located  near  St.  Paul's  Church,  Newberry  County, 
and  became  actively  identified  with  that  congregation,  which 
activity  he  maintained  throughout  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
For  about  fifty  years  he  served  as  an  elder  and  also  as  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday  School.  Endowed  with  talents  for 
vocal  music  above  the  average  in  his  day,  especially  where 
opportunity  for  training  in  music  was  lacking,  he  acquired 
by  persistent  study  and  application  a  fair  knowledge  of  the 
elementary  principles  of  music  and  led  the  singing  (without 
organ )  in  the  Sunday  School  and  church  services,  at  prayer 
meetings  and  conferences  and  other  religious  assemblages.  He 
was  foremost  in  conducting  prayer  meetings  in  the  church  and 
in  the  homes  of  aged  and  sick  members.  In  the  absence  of 
his  pastor  he  frequently  conducted  lay  service.     Often  he  was 


Leading  Personalities  267 


called,  day  and  night,  to  the  homes  of  the  sick  and  dying  to 
pray  with  them  and  point  them  to  the  Savior.  He  was  a  man 
of  positive  conviction,  fearless  and  unyielding  when  principle 
was  involved,  of  deep  piety,  strong  faith,  and  mighty  in  prayer. 

For  more  than  thirty  years  he  served  as  treasurer  of  the 
Newberry  Conference  and  seldom  missed  a  meeting.  When  his 
life-work  had  ended  the  Newberry  Conference  adopted  the 
following  tribute:  "Major  Jacob  Epting,  who  departed  this 
life  April  15,  1893,  was  from  early  manhood  a  consistent  and 
zealous  member  of  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church, 
Newberry  County,  S.  C,  and  for  forty  years  was  the  honored 
superintendent  of  its  Sunday  School.  From  the  organization 
of  the  Newberry  Conference — excepting  the  interval  of  two 
years,  owing  to  change  of  boundary  lines  of  the  Conference  by 
the  South  Carolina  Synod,  when  he  was  in  another  Conference — 
he  was  its  faithful  and  efficient  treasurer.  In  the  domestic  circle, 
in  recognized  leadership  in  the  Church,  in  civil  and  official  posi- 
tion, it  may  truthfully  be  said  of  him,  'he  was  found  worthy'." 

The  sphere  wherein  he  exerted  the  greatest  influence  and 
made  the  most  lasting  religious  impressions  was,  perhaps,  the 
Sunday  School.  He  was  a  lover  of  children  and  young  people, 
and  they  loved  him.  He  realized  that  in  them  was  the  hope  of 
the  Church  and  the  State  in  the  years  to  come.  He  unfail- 
ingly held  up  before  them  the  high  Christian  ideals  of  life 
and  strongly  urged  upon  young  men  the  claims  of  the  Church 
and  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel.  Knowing  of  the  need  for  re- 
cruits to  the  ranks  of  the  ministry  he  was  an  ardent  advocate 
of  beneficiary  education  and  encouraged  and  supported  in  every 
way  any  movement  to  help  promising  and  worthy  and  needy 
young  men  during  their  college  and  theo]o<2;ical  seminary  train- 
ing. Due  in  no  small  measure  to  his  influence  as  superinten- 
dent of  the  Sunday  School  the  following  young  men  entered 
the  Gospel  ministry  in  the  Lutheran  Church:  J.  E.  Berley, 
M.  M.  Kinard,  S.  T.  Riser,  Monroe  J.  Eptinu  (son),  H.  F. 
Counts,  J.  D.  Kinard,  Geo.  A.  Riser,  Thaddeus  B.  Epting 
(grandson),  R.  E.  Livingston,  E.  H.  Kohn,  and  G.  A.  Hough. 

Major  Epting's  war  record  is  not  without  interest.  Soon 
after  the  beginning  of  the  War  Between  the  States  he  volun- 
teered and  reported  for  duty  at  Lightwood  Knot  Springs,  near 
Columbia,  S.  C.  Having  risen  to  the  position  of  Major  of 
militia  in  his  district  and  being  an  efficient  tactician  and  drill- 
master,  he  was  detailed  by  the  Governor  for  home  military 
duty  under  special  orders  to  train  men  for  service.  Subse- 
quently he  resigned  as  Major  and  reported  for  duty  at  the  front 
as  a  private,  but  was  ordered  by  the  Governor  to  return  to 
his  home  for  designated  service  until  further  orders.     In  May, 


268         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


1864,  he  reported  to  the  military  authorities  for  duty,  was  as- 
signed to  Company  H,  Thirteenth  South  Carolina  Infantry, 
and  served  until  the  end  of  the  war.  While  serving  his  state 
and  the  cause  of  the  Confederacy  during  the  conflict  of  war 
as  occasion  permitted  he  conducted  prayer  meetings  for  his 
comrades  and  knelt  in  prayer  by  the  side  of  the  sick,  the 
wounded  and  the  dying. 

Returning  from  the  war  he  faced  ruin,  poverty  and  oppres- 
sion. He  took  up  the  broken  thread  of  life  with  unfaltering 
courage  and  gave  his  service  toward  the  restoration  of  his  state 
and  community  and  the  welfare  of  his  Church,  leading  a  life 
of  unobtrusive  simplicity  and  untiring  industry  until  failing 
health  bade  him  cease  from  labor.  After  long  and  painful, 
but  submissive  suffering  he  fell  on  sleep  at  the  home  of  his 
daughter  in  the  town  of  Prosperity,  S.  C,  and  was  gathered  to 
his  fathers,  passing  from  the  Church  militant  to  the  Church 
triumphant  April  15,  1893,  and  thus  entering  into  the  rest  that 
remaineth  to  the  people  of  God. 


CAPT.    J.    C.    SEEGERS 


SEEGERS,  John  C,  Capt.^ — For  many  years  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful,   progressive    and    highly   esteemed    men    of    Columbia, 


Leading  Personalities  269 


S.  C.  Thoroughly  friink,  honest,  just  and  fair  in  his  dealings 
with  men  he  naturally  became  prominent  in  business  affairs 
and  occupied  important  positions  in  the  city  of  his  adoption. 
But  the  brightest  jewel  in  his  crown  was  that  of  his  devo- 
tion to  the  Church  of  God  and  the  splendid  service  which  he 
rendered   to  his  fellowmen. 

For  half  a  century  or  more  he  was  identified  with  Ebenezer 
Church,  the  friend  of  every  pastor,  and  liberal  in  all  the  enter- 
prises of  the  Church,  local  and  general.  In  our  synodical  ses- 
sions he  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  an  aggressive  and  yet  con- 
servative leadership;  fearless  and  honest  in  the  expression  of 
his  views  on  all  important  issues  he  was  recognized  as  a  safe 
counsellor. 

No  mistake  was  made  when  he  was  elected  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Newberry  College  in  1886,  for  he  proved  faithful 
and  efficient  to  the  end  of  his  goodly  life,  which  closed  in  1912, 
he  having  served  on  the  College  Board  twenty-six  years. 

A  life  of  noble  deeds  has  ended,  but  that  life  is  enshrined  in 
imperishable  memory. 

HALTIWANGER,  Abner  Daniel.— A  son  of  Rev.  George  Halti- 
wanger,  Jr.,  and  wife,  Elizabeth  Dreher.  He  was  born  March 
29,  1841,  and  was  confirmed  in  the  historic  Salzburger  Church, 
Effingham  County,  Ga.,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor.  He 
was  called  home  May  31,  1916,  when  nearing  the  close  of  his 
75th  year. 

In  the  year  when  he  was  to  have  graduated  from  Spring- 
field College,  Ga.,  and  when  he  intended  to  enter  upon  the 
study  of  theology,  his  country  was  called  into  war,  and  he  be- 
came a  soldier  in  the  Confederate  army.  Twice  he  was  left 
for  dead  on  the  field  of  battle;  but  his  life  was  spared  for 
service  to  the  Church,  in  which  he  spent  all  the  remaining  years 
of  his  life.  He  served  as  Sunday  School  superintendent  and 
as  elder  for  many  years.  He  often  represented  the  local  church 
as  delegate  to  synod,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  organ- 
ization of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Columbia,  in  whose  interests  he 
at  one  time  mortgaged  his  home,  willing  to  risk  all  for  the 
Church  of  God. 

It  is  not  surprising,  then,  that  he  occupies  a  place  in  this 
synodical  history,  as  he  does  in  the  grateful  memory  and  af- 
fectionate esteem  of  those  left  behind  him. 

RAST,  George  D.,  Capt. — Born,  reared  and  spent  his  long  and  use- 
ful life  in  Orangeburg  County,  S.  C.  He  was  descended 
from  loyal  Lutheran  stock  whose  name  goes  far  back  into 
the  early  Nineteenth  century.     His  paternal  ancestor  was  Cap- 


270         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


tain  George  Rast,  of  Santee,  S.  C,  whose  name  appears  as  a 
delegate  from  that  section  in  the  minutes  of  this  synod,  No- 
vember 18,  1824;  again  from  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Orange- 
burg County,  November  25,   1825. 

The  subject  of  the  present  sketch  therefore  has  a  background 
of  which  any  one  might  be  proud.  He  was  unsurpassed  in 
his  faithfulness  to  the  Church,  to  Newberry  College,  and  to 
all  the  interests  of  our  Lutheran  Zion.  For  many  years  he 
served  as  a  delegate  to  the  synod,  and  in  1884  was  elected  on 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College,  which  office  he 
held  for  seventeen  years,  1884-1901.  Several  of  his  sons  and 
nephews  were  educated  in  Newberry  College;  and  he  remained 
throughout  life  a  warm  friend  and  supporter  of  that  institution. 

He  had  been  an  elder  in  his  home  church  for  many  years, 
and  has  left  for  his  posterity  the  priceless  legacy  of  a  well- 
spent  life. 

FICKEN,  John  F.,  Esq. — The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  June  16,  1843.  His  earlier  education  was 
received  in  private  schools  in  that  city  and  he  was  later  grad- 
uated from  the  College  of  the  City  of  Charleston  with  the  de- 
gree of  B.A.,  and  subsequently  his  alma  mater  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

During  the  War  Between  the  States  he  served  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  at  the  close  of  this  civil  strife  he  went 
abroad  and  matriculated  as  a  student  at  the  University  of 
Berlin.  Returning  to  America  he  entered  the  legal  profession 
and  for  upwards  of  forty-five  years  he  enjoyed  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice  in  the  courts  of  South  Carolina.  At  the 
end  of  this  period  he  partially  retired  and  assumed  the  pres- 
idency of  the  South  Carolina  Loan  and  Trust  Company. 

Colonel  Ficken  has  alwavs  held  and  exemplified  the  finest 
ideals  of  Christian  citizenship  and  has  given  of  his  splendid 
talent  to  civic  affairs  and  to  the  service  of  his  state  and  of 
his  political   party. 

In  1877  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  South 
Carolina  in  which  office  he  served  with  distinction  for  ten  suc- 
cessive years. 

In  1891  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  gave 
the  city  his  time  and  strength  for  the  full  term  of  four  years — 
an  administration  which  is  still  remembered  for  its  reform 
measures  and  for  the  unquestioned  integrity  of  the  city  officials. 

During  a  period  of  ten  years  Colonel  Ficken  served  as  pres- 
ident of  the  Charleston  Library  Society  within  which  period 
the  present  splendid  library  building  on  King  Street  was 
erected.     He  has  also  served  for  a  number  of  years  as  presi- 


Leading  Personalities  271 


dent  of  the  Carolina  Art  Association,  and  in  the  South  Caro- 
lina militia  as  Judge  Advocate  General  with  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  on  the  staff  of  the  Major  General  of  the  division. 

For  many  years  he  has  served  as  president  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  College  of  Charleston  and  has  also  served 
as  a  trustee  of  Newberry  College  and  of  the  Southern  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary. 

For  more  than  a  score  of  years  he  has  been  j)resident  of 
the  Corporation  and  of  the  Church  Council  of  St.  John's  Lu- 
theran Church  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  which  office  he  has  con- 
sistently fostered  the  fine  traditions  of  this  historic  congrega- 
tion and  where  his  judgment  is  eagerly  sought  by  his  fellow 
officers. 

Colonel  Ficken  has  frequently  served  as  a  delegate  to  the 
meetings  of  the  Synod  of  South  Carolina  and  was  honored 
by  an  election  as  delegate  to  the  Washington  Convention  of 
the  United  Lutheran  Church.  He  also  served  as  a  member 
of  a  Joint  Committee  on  Constitution  for  the  United  Lutheran 
Church  which  met  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  in  which  gathering;  his 
wise  counsel  was  gratefully  received  and  freely  acknowledged, 
and  he  is  now  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Ministerial  Relief 
of  the  United  Lutheran  Church. 

Colonel  Ficken's  life  has  been  a  busy,  useful  and  successful 
one  not  only  in  his  chosen  profession  and  in  the  department 
of  civic  affairs  and  large  business  interests  but  preeminently 
so  in  the  service  of  the  Church,  and  in  this  respect  he  is  emi- 
nently worthy  of  the  recognition  which  synod  hereby  accords 
him  in  giving  him  place  in  its  official  history. 

JENNY,  J.  W.,  Capt.— Born  February  24,  1842,  in  Barnwell  County, 
South  Carolina.  He  was  baptized  in  St.  Nicholas'  Church  in 
March,  1842,  confirmed  in  July,  1869,  and  has  spent  his  life 
from  that  time  to  this  as  a  faithful  member  of  that  congre- 
gation. On  March  17,  1879,  he  was  installed  elder,  and  this 
office  he  still  holds.  In  1892  he  was  elected  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Newberry  College,  and  has  faithfully  served  in  that 
capacity  to  this  time — 32  years — and  has  given  time,  money 
and  service  to  the  College,  so  dear  to  his  heart. 

CAPPELMANN,  John  D.,  Esq.— Born  on  July  24,  18S7,  near  Wal- 
halla,  S.  C.  He  was  a  son  of  Eimer  and  Dorothea  Cappelmann, 
who  were  pioneer  settlers  in  Oconee  County  in  1850.  then  a 
part  of  the  old  Pickens  District.  The  first  school  he  attended 
was  conducted  in  the  town  of  Walhalla  as  a  Lutheran  Parish 
School.  From  his  infancy  he  was  taught  the  use  of  the  Ger- 
man  language.      His    course    at   Newberry    College   was   inter- 


272         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


rupted  by  sickness.  He  moved  to  Charleston  in  1879,  where 
he  has  been  active  in  church  work.  He  is  now  a  member  of 
St.  Barnabas'  Church,  which  he  helped  to  organize,  and  super- 
intendent of  its  Sunday  School.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Newberry  College  for  years,  from 
which  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary  located  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Charleston.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  which  organized  the  United 
Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  the  South  at  Roanoke,  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  served  on  a  special  committee  with  the  late 
Dr.  Socrates  Henkel  of  the  old  Tennessee  Synod.  Mr.  Cappel- 
mann  is  fond  of  quoting  Dr.  Henkel's  remark  as  the  report 
of  this  committee  was  agreed  upon;  in  speaking  of  his  co-com- 
mitteemen,  he  exclaimed:  "You  are  better  Lutherans  than  I 
thought  you  were." 

The  United  Lutheran  Church  has  signally  honored  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  by  appointment  to  important  work  of  the 
Church.  At  present  he  is  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Deaconess  Work  and  also  as  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Brotherhood,  for  both  of  which  causes  he 
is  frequently  called  upon  to  speak  at  conventions  and  synods. 

Mr.  Cappelmann  has  always  been  a  devoted  and  loyal  son 
of  the  Church,  and  has  on  all  occasions  rendered  every  pos- 
sible service  in  her  upbuilding.  As  treasurer  of  the  Board  of 
Home  Missions  and  Church  Extension  of  the  United  Synod,  he 
was  a  faithful  and  painstaking  officer,  affable,  courteous,  and 
a  real  friend  of  the  missionaries  on  the  field.  Those  who  hap- 
pened to  be  home  missionaries  could  never  forget  his  cheer- 
ing and  helpful  letters. 

KOHN,  Arthur  Hayne. — Born  at  the  old  homestead,  near  St.  Paul's 
Church  in  Newberry  County,  September  1,  1858.  While  a 
small  boy  he  was  confirmed  in  this  church.  His  father  was 
killed  in  the  War  Between  the  States  and  he  was  denied  the 
privilege  of  a  college  education.  Before  coming  to  Prosperity 
to  engage  in  the  mercantile  business  he  taught  school  several 
terms.  He  married  Mary  Birge  and  they  have  had  five  chil- 
dren. Mr.  Kohn  was  an  active  citizen  of  this  town  until  he 
moved  to  Columbia.  He  served  Grace  Sunday  School  as  super- 
intendent for  twenty  years.  In  1895,  on  the  death  of  Major 
P.  E.  Wise,  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of  synod,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  his  health  forced  him  to  resign  after  twenty- 
two  years  of  faithful  and  efficient  service.  Mr.  Kohn  moved 
to  Columbia  in  1910  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Carolina 
Life  Insurance  Company,  which  position  he  still  holds.     Here 


Leading  Personalities  273 


he  has  identified  himself  closely  with  St.  Paul's  Church  and  its 
many  activities,  acting  first  as  superintendent  and  at  present 
as  teacher  of  a  flourishing  Men's  Bible  Class.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Merger  Convention  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church 
in  America  in  1918  and  has  ever  since  been  a  member  of  the 
Publication  Board.  For  thirty-seven  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  he  also  serves  on  the  Newberry 
College  Board  and  the  Theological  Seminary  Board  of  Trus- 
tees. He  is  the  only  living  South  Carolina  Synod  representa- 
tive present  at  the  Diet  at  Salisbury  in  1884,  out  of  which  grew 
the  United  Lutheran  Synod  in  the  South,  which  convention,  with 
two  exceptions,  he  attended  until  the  merger.  Mr.  Kohn's 
American  ancestor  was  Capt.  William  Frederick  Houseal,  one 
among  the  first  German  settlers  of  Dutch  Fork. 

EFIRD,  C.  M.,  Esq. — A  grandson  of  Rev.  Godfrey  Dreher,  who  was 
the  first  president  of  this  synod  and  whose  name  appears  again 
and  again  in  its  organization  and  in  the  development  of  its 
early  history.  Coming  as  he  does  from  a  noble  ancestry  and 
possessed  of  a  fine  intellect,  he  has  been  a  prominent  figure 
in  the  Church  from  early  life.  He  was  born  December  18, 
1856,  in  Lexington  County,  South  Carolina,  and  graduated 
from  Newberry  College  with  the  A.B.  degree  in  1877.  The 
Master's  degree  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  same  institution. 

After  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  he  was  soon  associated 
with  some  of  the  ablest  lawyers  of  his  native  county  and  state. 
He  was  very  soon  recognized  as  one  of  the  rising  jurists  of 
the  state  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Senate,  in  which 
capacity  he  proved  himself  to  be  one  of  the  strong  and  useful 
men  in  that  body.  He  also  serves  as  one  of  the  special  Judges, 
and  is  characterized  by  ability,  fairness  and  a  strong  judicial 
insight. 

But  it  is  his  character  as  a  churchman  which  is  here  of 
special  interest.  In  his  district  synod  and  in  the  general  body, 
his  advice  and  counsel  have  been  invaluable.  Always  willing 
to  advise  on  all  legal  questions  in  synodical  sessions,  or  else- 
where, he  has  been  a  most  efficient  helper. 

Naturally  he  has  served  on  our  important  boards  of  direc- 
tion, has  been  constantly  elected  delegate  to  the  meetings  of 
both  district  and  general  synods.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee  to  organize  the  United  Lutheran 
Church  in  America,  and  since  its  organization  has  served  con- 
tinuously as  a  member  of  the  Executive  Board.  He  was  for 
many  years  the  treasurer  of  the  Theological  Seminary  Fund, 
resigning  only  because  of  increasing  work  and  cares.  Faith- 
ful in  all  the  relations  of  life,  devoted  to  God  and  the  Church, 
he  is  in  all  respects  a  man  whom  good  men  delight  to  honor. 


274         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


HOUSEAL,  William  Preston. — Born  in  Newberry,  S.  C,  July  30, 
1856.  He  received  his  educational  training  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  town,  including  the  Preparatory  Department  of  New- 
berry College  (1866-68),  embracing  a  period  altogether  of  less 
than  five  years.  With  this  foundation  he  entered,  as  an  ap- 
prentice, the  printing  business  in  1873.  In  due  time  he  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  The  Newberry  News  in  1878. 

Such  was  his  progress  that  in  April,  1881,  he  took  charge 
of  The  Lutheran  Visitor  as  printer  and  publisher.  He  became 
its  owner  from  1882  to  1888;  and  then  a  stockholder  for  six 
years,  under  a  somewhat  changed  management;  and  then  again 
its  owner  until  it  was  sold  to  and  remodeled  by  "The  Lutheran 
Visitor  Company,"  Columbia,  S.  C,  in  1904.  He  was  con- 
nected with  the  paper,  editorially,  from  1881  to  1904,  and  then 
was  the  associate  editor  until  April  21,  1920,  when  that  paper 
was  consolidated  with  The  Lutheran;  thus  rounding  out  a 
period  of  39  years  of  continuous  service  with  the  paper. 

He  was  also  one  of  the  founders  of  The  Newberry  Observer 
in  1883,  its  editor  1898-1901,  and  was  one  of  the  owners  of 
The  Newberry  Herald  and  News,  1887  to  1894. 

In  these  years  and  under  the  influence  of  that  training  and 
experience,  he  acquired  an  education  of  no  mean  proportions. 
Recognizing  this  fact  Newberry  College  conferred  on  him  the 
deserved  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  in  1910. 

His  church  life  has  not  been  less  distinguished.  He  was  a 
faithful  and  efficient  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church  of  the 
Redeemer,  Newberry,  S.  C,  from  1870  until  moving  to  Colum- 
bia, in  1907,  when  he  transferred  his  membership  to  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Columbia.  While  living  in  Newberry  he  was  a 
teacher  in  the  Sunday  School;  and  was  assistant  superinten- 
dent later  on.  He  also  served  as  superintendent  of  St.  Paul's 
Sunday  School  for  several  terms.  These  activities  covered 
50  years  as  pupil,  teacher,  officer,  Sunday  School  worker,  and 
church  worker.  He  was  chairman  of  the  first  convention,  held 
in  Columbia,  1908,  of  the  Laymen's  Interdenominational  Mis- 
sionary Movement,  and  served  on  important  committees  of  the 
convention  of  1916.  He  was  also  secretary  of  the  first  Lu- 
theran Laymen's  Convention  of  the  South  held  in  Columbia 
in  December,  1907. 

As  a  fitting  conclusion  to  this  sketch  it  will  be  of  real  his- 
toric interest  to  make  mention  of  the  ancestral  line  from  which 
he  comes.  One  of  his  ancestors,  Dr.  Bernard  Houseal,  was 
professor  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Heilbronn,  Germany, 
in  1727;  and  the  family  has  been  Lutheran  since  the  Refor- 
mation of  1517.  His  American  ancestor  was  Capt.  Wm.  Fred- 
erick   Houseal,    brother    of    Rev.    Bernard    Michael    Houseal, 


Leading  Personalities  275 


pastor  of  Trinity  Church,  Reading,  Pa.  The  literary  cast 
of  W.  P.  Houseal's  mind  is  traceable  to  that  worthy  an- 
cestry. This  finds  expression  in  newspaper  work,  in  which 
he  is  still  engaged,  being  connected  with  The  State,  Colum- 
bia, S.  C. 

He  was  the  first  publisher  in  Newberry  to  use  steam  and 
gasoline  power  presses  in  the  printing  business,  and  other  ap- 
pliances for  folding  and  mailing.  He  has  spent  51  years  in 
newspaper  work. 

CROMER,  George  B.,  Esq.,  LL.D.— Born  in  Newberry  County, 
South  Carolina,  October  3,  1857,  and  graduated  from  Newberry 
College  in  1877,  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  Immedi- 
ately after  his  graduation  he  was  elected  assistant  in  the  Pre- 
paratory Department,  and  Adjunct  Professor  in  Ancient  Lan- 
guages, an  honor  rarely  conferred  on  any  young  man  so  soon 
after  graduation.  His  advancement  in  the  college  faculty  to  the 
professorship  of  Latin,  History  and  Political  Science  soon  fol- 
lowed; but  in  1881  he  resigned,  and  soon  thereafter  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law,  in  which  profession  he  has  won  sig- 
nal success  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  and 
public  speakers  in  the  South. 

Newberry  College,  however,  could  never  relinquish  her  hold 
on  one  of  such  scholarly  attainments  and  strength  of  charac- 
ter; and  so,  when  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Holland  was  translated  to  his 
heavenly  rest,  September  30,  1895,  the  eyes  of  the  Church  in 
this  State  refused  to  see  any  man  but  Geo.  B.  Cromer,  Esq.,  as 
his  successor;  nor  could  his  great  soul  refuse  this  urgent  call 
of  the  Church.  He  therefore  became  president  of  Newberry 
College  in  1895,  but  he  had  been  secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  for  some  years  previously,  his  interest  in  his  alma 
mater  never  having  wavered. 

He  held  the  presidency  of  the  College  with  great  satisfac- 
tion and  success  up  to  1904;  and  the  president  of  this  synod 
expressed  the  feeling  of  the  whole  Church  in  the  South  when, 
in  his  report,  he  said:  "It  is  with  feelings  of  profound  regret 
that  I  record  the  resignation  of  the  most  worthy  president  of 
the  College,  Dr.  George  B.  Cromer,  and  of  his  retirement  from 
this  work."  But  Dr.  Cromer  did  not  give  up  the  College  abso- 
lutely. Very  soon  he  was  made  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  and  has  been  ever  since  one  of  the  most  efficient  and 
valuable  officers  in  the  entire  history  of  the  College.  As  a 
churchman  he  has  had  few  equals,  with  the  fullest  cooperation 
helping  laity  and  clergy  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the 
Church  of  God.  He  has  served  on  all  the  important  boards 
of  the  synod,  district  and  general;   as  president  of  the  Board 


276        History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


of  Publication  of  the  United  Synod;  as  chairman  of  the  Lay- 
man's Missionary  Movement;  as  chairman  of  the  South  Caro- 
lina Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections;  as  secretary  of  the 
State  Board  of  National  Red  Cross;  as  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Education  of  the  United  Synod;  and  for  many  years  on 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
South. 

In  all  the  relations  of  life  he  has  shown  himself  a  Christian 
gentleman  without  reproach;  a  scholar  of  splendid  ability;  a 
devout  and  humble  child  of  God,  and  a  man  deserving  the 
highest  esteem  and  love  of  all  our  people. 

DERRICK,  Sidney  J.,  A.M.,  LL.D. — Born  in  Lexington  County, 
S.  C,  November  10,  1867.  His  birthplace  is  near  Little  Moun- 
tain, S.  C,  among  a  people  noted  for  industry,  honesty  and 
religious  devotion. 

In  due  time  he  bore  off  one  of  the  honors  of  his  class  at 
Newberry  College,  won  the  Essay  medal,  and  was  one  of  the 
debaters  of  acknowledged  ability.  After  graduation  he  took 
work  at  Cornell  and  Columbia  University.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  as  head  of  the  Preparatory  Department  of  Newberry 
College,  which  he  held  with  signal  success  up  to  1904,  when 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  History  in  connection  with  his  duties 
as  the  principal  of  the  Preparatory  Department.  In  1906  to 
his  chair  was  added  Civics;  in  the  next  session  was  added 
assistant  to  the  chair  of  Philosophy;  and  in  1918  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  College,  which  position  he  has  filled  to  the  pres- 
ent date  with  entire  satisfaction. 

In  recognition  of  his  splendid  ability  some  years  ago  Lenoir 
College,  Hickory,  N.  C,  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws. 

Not  the  least  important  fact  to  his  credit  is  that  he  has  al- 
ways been  devoted  to  the  Church  and  to  all  of  its  activities. 
He  has  been  honored  with  membership  on  the  State  Board 
of  Education;  the  Lutheran  Board  of  Publication;  the  Home 
Mission  Board  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church;  and  during  the 
world  war  he  was  chairman  of  the  Newberry  County  Exemp- 
tion Board;  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Coloni- 
zation Commission. 

Modest,  unassuming,  conscientious,  and  faithful  to  every 
trust,  he  is  held  in  high  esteem,  and  is  deservedly  popular  with 
all  classes. 

COUNTS,  R.  C— Manager  of  the  Southern  Branch  of  the  United 
Lutheran  Publication  House,  located  in  Columbia,  S.  C.  One 
of  the  prominent  laymen  of  our  Church  in  the  South.     He  was 


Leading  Personalities  277 


born  July  18,  1875,  at  Prosperity,  S.  C,  and  graduated  from 
Newberry  College  in  1895.  He  then  took  a  e^pecial  course  at 
Vanderbilt  University.  He  followed  the  profession  of  teach- 
ing for  a  number  of  years,  and  subsequently  became  associ- 
ated with  our  Publication  House  in  Columbia.  He  served  as 
treasurer  of  what  was  called,  "The  One  Day's  Income,"  a  syn- 
odical  organization  for  raising  funds  for  Home  and  Foreign 
Missions;  was  made  treasurer  of  "The  Lutheran  Brotherhood 
Fund",  a  synodical  fund  brought  into  use  for  taking  care  of 
our  soldiers  during  the  World  War;  and  then  he  was  chosen 
treasurer  of  the  $300,000  Newberry-Summerland  College  Edu- 
cation Fund — all  these  offices  evidencing  his  strong  business 
integrity,  his  acknowledged  ability  in  matters  of  business  and 
his  devotion  to  all  the  interests  of  the  Church.  Prominent  in 
the  counsels  of  the  local  church  and  in  the  synod,  district  and 
general,  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  our  leading  laymen.  Faith- 
ful, courteous,  and  helpful  to  preachers  and  congregations 
alike,  he  is  at  once  popular  and  highly  esteemed  as  the  Man- 
ager of  our  Publication  House. 

BAKER,  Kenneth. — Born  in  Adairville,  Kentucky,  October  3, 
1869,  son  of  Leander  Baker,  a  Kentuckian,  and  Martha  Eply 
Baker,  from  Augusta,  Ga.  Early  in  life  the  family  moved 
to  Gaffney,  S.  C,  where  parents  still  reside.  Was  educated 
in  the  High  School  of  Gaffney,  Wofiford  College  (one  year) 
and  University  of  South  Carolina  (two  years).  Taught  school 
for  two  years  and  then  went  into  the  cotton  business,  and  has 
remained  a  cotton  broker  ever  since.  Was  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church  early  in  life  but  soon  after  marriage  with  Miss 
Beulah  Barre  of  Prosperity,  S.  C,  in  1893,  became  a  member 
of  Grace  Lutheran  Church  of  that  place.  For  a  number  of 
years  was  a  teacher  in  Grace  Sunday  School.  In  1902  moved 
to  Greenwood  and,  in  the  absence  of  a  Lutheran  organization, 
taught  in  the  Presbyterian  Sunday  School  for  a  number  of 
years.  Became  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  School  when 
Dr.  S.  T.  Hallman,  Piedmont  missionary,  organized  a  Lutheran 
congregation  in  Greenwood.  Since  the  Immanuel  Lutheran 
Church  was  built  in  1910,  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day School,  a  member  of  the  church  council,  and  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  congregation.  Was  treasurer  of  the  Lay- 
men's Missionary  Movement  of  the  LTnited  Synod  in  the  South. 
Has  been  president  (also  district  president)  of  the  Greenwood 
County  Interdenominational  Sunday  School  Association.  Has 
been  a  trustee  of  Newberry  College  for  a  number  of  years. 
Was  mayor  of  Greenwood  for  6  years  and  president  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  4  years.    Was  a  delegate  to  the  Demo- 


278    History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


cratic  convention  in  1908;  also  a  presidential  elector  from 
South  Carolina.  Served  as  chairman  of  the  County  Board  of 
Exemption  during  the  World  War.  Is  a  member  of  the  State 
Highway  Commission,  and  is  president  of  the  Commercial  Trust 
Company  and  the  Greenwood  Building  and  Loan  Association. 

RAWL,  Mrs.  M.  C— Born  September  15,  1840,  and  died  March 
6,  1895.  She  was  chosen  president  of  the  Woman's  Home  and 
Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod 
of  South  Carolina  at  its  fifth  annual  convention,  which  met  at 
Newberry,  S.  C,  and  continued  to  fill  that  office  until  the  ninth 
convention,  when  on  account  of  ill  health  she  was  compelled  to 
resign.     She  was  very  deeply  interested  in  mission  work. 

In  this  term  of  service,  extending  from  October  24,  1890, 
to  March  6,  1894,  she  greatly  endeared  herself  to  the  whole 
Church  not  only  in  South  Carolina  but  also  beyond  the  bor- 
ders of  the  state. 

Being  a  poetess  of  no  mean  ability,  she  wrote  many  gems 
of  devotional  verse  and  inspired  her  readers  to  noble  deeds. 
A  beautiful  art  window  in  the  Woman's  Memorial  Church, 
Spartanburg,  S.  C,  evinces  the  high  esteem  in  which  she  was 
held,  and  the  love  of  those  who  sorrowed  when  she  left  them 
for  the  home  in  glory. 

KREPS,  Mrs.  M.  0.  J. — This  devoted  servant  of  God,  who  has  given 
twenty-five  years  of  continuous  and  highly  efficient  missionary 
service  in  this  synod  and  to  the  Church  at  large,  is  easily 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  thoroughly  useful  women  in 
the  Lutheran  Church.  Gifted  as  speaker,  writer,  poetess  and 
organizer,  she  is  widely  sought  after  and  is  always  heard  with 
keen   pleasure   and   special    profit. 

In  1899  she  was  made  recording  secretary  of  the  Woman's 
Synodical  Missionary  Society  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  South 
Carolina,  and  was  made  its  president  in  1908,  which  office  she 
still  fills  with  entire  satisfaction.  She  edited  the  Woman's 
Missionary  Department  in  the  Lutheran  Church  Visitor  for 
twenty  years;  is  now  the  editor  of  a  well  conducted  industrial 
magazine,  called  The  Spinner,  at  the  Pacific  Mills,  Columbia, 
and  is  also  president  of  the  King's  Daughters  of  South  Carolina. 

With  all  these  various  agencies  of  service,  she  has  never 
failed  in  fully  measuring  up  to  all  the  demands  made  on  a 
faithful  pastor's  wife.  A  remarkable  woman,  and  in  the  high- 
est degree  a  King's  Daughter — a  child  of  the  Christ! 

Born  in  Fincastle,  Va.,  September  27,  1861,  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  H.  Carper,  and  located  in  Salem,  Va.,  she  be- 
came the  wife  of  Rev.  M.  0.  J.  Kreps,  D.D.,  in  1883;  and  her 


Leading  Personalities  279 


life  has  been  a  benediction  to  her  family,  to  the  Church,  and 
to  all  who  have  had  the  pleasure  of  being  associated  with  her. 

EARGLE,  Mrs.  Kate  [nee  Sarah  Kate  Smeltzer),  daughter  of  that 
godly  man  the  history  of  whose  life  will  long  live  in  the  history 
of  Newberry  College  and  our  Southern  Theological  Seminary, 
was  born  in  Newberry,  S.  C,  May  16,  1865,  soon  after  the  close 
of  the  War  Between  the  States.  Carefully  reared  in  that  Chris- 
tian home  and  educated  under  godly  teachers,  her  life  has  ever 
been  a  ray  of  sunshine,  a  star  of  hope  to  others.  She  has  been 
a  dutiful  child  of  God  from  infancy  and  noted  for  devotion  to 
her  Lord,  to  His  Church,  and  all  the  interests  of  His  Kingdom. 
It  is  nut  surprising,  then,  that  she  has  always  been  prominent  in 
missionary  work.  In  1895  she  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Synodical  Society,  became  corresponding  secretary  in  1896, 
recording  secretary  in  1908,  and  honorary  secretary  in  1919, 
and  this  at  her  own  instance,  slightly  reducing  her  labors,  but 
by  no  means  lessening  her  interest  in  the  great  cause  of  mis- 
sions. 

In  1911  she  organized  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society  in 
the  Greenville  Lutheran  Mission,  and  in  1922,  by  her  instru- 
mentality, led  to  the  organization  of  the  Woman's  Piedmont 
Mission   Conference,   of  which  she  remains   the   president. 

WISE,  Mrs.  J.  L. — Fills  the  important  position  of  Cradle  Roll  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  this  synod. 
She  has  now  been  before  the  Church  in  this  capacity  for  about 
17  years,  and  is  recognized  as  a  thoroughly  efficient  officer. 
Before  the  convention  of  1907  the  women  had  given  attention 
to  the  children's  societies,  but  at  the  convention  held  in  Spartan- 
burg, S.  C,  November  3-5,  1907,  it  was  determined  to  take 
up  in  an  organized  capacity  the  Cradle-Roll  Department,  and 
Mrs.  J.  L.  Wise  was  elected  secretary  and  treasurer  of  this 
Department.  She  is  one  of  our  most  highly  esteemed  work- 
ers; and  no  one  has  a  deeper  interest  in  the  babes  of  the 
Church  than  this  faithful  servant  of  God. 

HABENICHT,  Mrs.  Margaret  Sophia.— The  daughter  of  Capt.  and 
Mrs.  Jno.  C.  Seegers,  and  sister  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Seegers,  D.D.,  a 
professor  in  the  Philadelphia  Theological  Seminary.  In  1906 
she  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Synodical  Missionary  So- 
ciety, and  served  up  to  1912,  when  she  resigned,  but  was  at 
once  elected  honorary  vice-president,  which  office  she  still 
holds. 

In  all  these  years  she  has  given  liberal  financial  support  to 
mission   work,  and  has  kept   in  close  touch   with   our  mission- 


280         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


aries  on  the  field,  and  has  cheered  them  with  letters  and  gifts. 
A  lifelong  member  of  Ebenezer  Church,  Columbia,  she  has  been 
active  in  every  good  work  within  the  congregation  as  well  as 
a  generous  supporter  of  all  the  causes  of  the  Church  at  large. 

ALLWORDEN,  Mrs.  W.  C— A  daughter  of  Capt.  and  Mrs.  John 
C.  Seegers,  of  blessed  memory.  For  many  years  she  has  been 
a  quiet  but  active  mission  worker  in  her  home  church  and  in 
the  synod.  She  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  Woman's  Synod- 
ical  Society  in  1898,  and  filled  this  office  with  marked  ability 
and  faithfulness  up  to  November,  1919,  when  she  resigned,  hav- 
ing most  carefully  looked  after  the  financial  work  of  the  So- 
ciety for  21  years  continuously.  Immediately  upon  her  resig- 
nation she  was  elected  honorary  treasurer  of  the  Society,  and 
this  honorable  title  will  remain  hers  throughout  her  faithful 
and  useful  life. 

SEEGERS,  Mrs.  F.  W. — One  of  the  outstanding  missionary  work- 
ers in  this  synod.  She  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Woman's 
Missionary  Society  of  Ebenezer  congregation,  and  organized 
the  first  children's  missionary  society  of  the  South  Carolina 
Synod,  and  of  the  United  Synod  in  the  South.  She  has  been 
the  leader  of  such  societies, — now  called  "The  Light  Brigade" 
— ever  since  organized,  36  years  ago;  and  is  now  the  treasurer 
of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  this  synod.  In  addi- 
tion to  all  these  activities,  she  is  Superintendent  of  the  Pri- 
mary Department  of  Ebenezer  Sunday  School,  and  holds  mem- 
bership on  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Woman's  Missionary 
Society  of  the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America. 


Leading  Personalities 


281 


H 


onoranus 


Finding  it  impossible  within  the  limits  set  for  this  history,  to 
give  detailed  accounts  of  all  the  deserving  persons  who  have  at 
sundry  times  rendered  valuable  service  in  the  synod's  life,  we  find 
it  necessary  to  group   a   number  of  these  in   condensed  form: 

Dr.  Patrick  Todd  was  treasurer  of  the  Synodical  Widow's  Fund, 
1845-1858.  Joseph  Wingard  was  treasurer  of  the  Seminary  Fund, 
1849-1858,  when  he  died;  he  had  also  been  treasurer  of  the  For- 
eign Mission  Fund,  1838-1849.  John  J.  Dreher  was  treasurer  of 
the  Mission  Fund,  1850-1867.  John  P.  Aull  was  prominent  as  con- 
tributor, trustee,  and  a  liberal  helper  in  the  building  of  Newberry 


CAPT.   GEO.   S.   HACKER 


College,  1857-1878,  and  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Widows'  Fund, 
1867-1871.  Maj.  J.  P.  Kinard  was  treasurer  of  the  Widows'  Fund, 
1858-1869,  and  had  materially  aided  in  the  building  of  Newberry 
College  when  it  was  first  located  in  the  town  of  Newberry,  and  made 
very  important  concessions  when  the  College  was  again  located 
in  Newberry — as  did  also  Wallace  A.  Cline,  one  of  the  builders 
of  the  first  college.  Simeon  Corley  was  treasurer  of  the  synod, 
1856-1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  W.  W.  Houseal,  noted  elsewhere 


282         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


in  Biographies.  F.  C.  Blum,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  was  the  treasurer 
of  the  Disabled  Ministers'  Fund,  1858-1867.  Col.  West  Caughman 
was  elected  treasurer  of  the  synod  in  1835  and  served  to  1847,  being 
succeeded  by  John  Ranch,  and  in  1855  S.  Corley  became  the  treas- 
urer, as  stated  above.  Col.  Thomas  W.  Hollo  war  was  treasurer  of 
the  Widows'  Fund  for  many  years,  and  was  a  trustee  of  Newberry 
College,  and  one  of  its  warmest  supporters  through  a  long  series 
of  years. 

Capt.  Geo.  S.  Hacker,  treasurer  of  Bachman  Endowment  Fund 
one  term,  1885.  Alaj.  Godfrey  Leaphart,  twelve  years  treasurer  of 
Bachman  Endowment  Fund  (1891-1903).  Henry  C.  Holloway,  Esq., 
treasurer  of  General  Endowment  Fund  from  its  foundation  in  1916 
to  present  time.  James  B.  Hunter,  Esq.,  treasurer  of  Semi-Centen- 
nial  Endowment  Fund  (1919),  following  Dr.  0.  B.  Mayer,  to  pres- 
ent time.  U.  B.  Whites,  last  treasurer  of  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
(1871),  when  the  funds  went  into  care  of  synodical  treasurer. 
Robert  F.  Boive  did  efficient  work  as  statistical  secretary  (1915-16) 
in  compiling  synodical  budget,  etc. 

We  find  also  the  name  of  G.  W.  Dingle,  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Charleston,  S.  C,  who  was  treasurer  of  the  Seminary  Fund,  1881- 
1886,  and  otherwise  active  in  the  work  of  this  synod.  Otto  Tiede- 
man,  Jr.,  filled  this  office  1886-1891;  and  last,  but  not  least,  we  note 
that  Dr.  George  Y.  Hunter  has  filled  this  position  with  great  ac- 
ceptability from   1907,  and  continues  to  serve. 

We  thank  God  for  the  life  and  service  of  all  these  brethren  and 
for  all  who  have  been  thus  faithful  to  the  trusts  committed  to  them. 


Chapter  XI 

RETROSPECTIVE  AND  PROSPECTIVE 

A  personal  knowledge  of  many  of  the  ministers  and  lay- 
■^^  men  who  have  been  prominent  in  the  life  of  this  synod 
justifies  the  statement  that  few,  if  any  synods  could  ever 
boast  of  stronger  men,  of  men  more  loyal  to  God  and  to  the 
Confessions  of  the  Church  On  its  roll  have  been  men  of 
broad  scholarship,  deep  learning  and  of  undoubted  piety; 
many  of  her  preachers  were  men  of  power;  and  their  influ- 
ence abides. 

A  noteworthy  fact  is  that  of  the  provision  made  by  our 
sainted  fathers  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  slaves  in  the 
Old  South.  Their  infants  were  baptized,  the  young  people 
instructed  and  confirmed,  and  seating  capacity  was  provided 
in  most  of  the  churches  that  they  might  attend  the  services 
and  hear  the  word  of  God.  In  some  cases  leading  colored 
men  on  the  plantations  were  encouraged  to  preach  the  Gospel 
to  their  fellow-slaves. 

The  heroism  and  the  self-sacrificing  spirit  of  the  early 
founders  of  this  synod  would  put  to  the  blush  many  who  are 
today  easily  discouraged  by  what  they  term  their  "arduous 
labors".  Many,  without  stated  salaries,  served  four  and 
five  congregations,  and  rode  from  twenty-five  to  two  hundred 
miles  on  horseback  to  carry  the  Gospel  to  the  widely-scattered 
Lutherans.  A  case  in  point  was  that  of  Rev.  Michael  Ranch, 
who  rode  two  hundred  miles  from  his  South  Carolina  home 
to  preach  to  the  Salzburgers  in  Georgia.  On  reaching  the 
Savannah  River  he  found  that  it  was  overflowing  its  banks, 
but  he  pleaded  with  the  ferryman  to  put  him  across  the  river. 
At  the  risk  of  life  they  crossed,  landing  two  miles  below 
the  ferry  on  the  other  side;  but  the  Salzburgers  heard  the 
Gospel  at  the  appointed  hour! 

These  men,  like  St.  Paul,  toiled  with  their  own  hands  that 
they  might  "make  the  Gospel  without  charge";  and  we  have 
entered  into  their  labors. 

The  progress  of  this  synod  along  constructive  lines  is  one 
of  the  remarkable  features  of  its  historic  life.     From  sim- 


284         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 

pie  log  houses  it  has  moved  steadily  onward  until  today 
churchly  structures  greet  the  eye  of  the  observer,  and  in 
almost  every  house  of  God  will  be  found  modem  equipment 
of  the  most  approved  pattern.  Its  Sunday  Schools  have  pro- 
gressed from  the  most  primitive  style  of  instruction,  until  the 
courses  of  study  have  reached  a  high  stage  of  efficiency.  The 
number  of  Sunday  Schools  has  increased  step  by  step  with 
the  growing  number  of  congregations,  and  there  has  been 
a  corresponding  increase  in  the  membership  of  both.  A 
more  recent  development  has  been  the  "Summer  School  for 
Church  Workers". 

Sunday  School  Normals  were  held  in  some  of  the  confer- 
ences as  early  as  1909.  For  several  years  these  Normals 
were  authorized  and  conducted  by  the  district  conferences. 
In  1911  synod  adopted  a  report  authorizing  a  synodical  Sun- 
day School  Normal  and  appointed  a  committee  to  conduct 
it,  the  Sunday  Schools  to  bear  the  expenses.  The  churches 
of  the  Tennessee  Synod  on  this  territory  were  invited  to  co- 
operate, and  they  complied.  Now  the  Normal  began  to 
broaden  in  its  operations.  Hitherto  Sunday  School  work  had 
occupied  its  only  efforts.  Other  needs  of  the  Church  claimed 
attention,  and  the  Sunday  School  Normal  changed  its  name 
and  broadened  its  program.  The  Summer  School  for  Church 
Workers  is  now  the  official  name,  with  a  program  for  every 
department  of  church  work. 

For  several  years  the  Summer  School  for  Church  Work- 
ers was  held  in  Newberry  College;  during  recent  years  in 
Summerland  College.  From  the  beginning  of  the  Normal 
the  attendance  and  the  interest  have  been  inspiring  and  prom- 
ising. Watching  closely  the  needs  of  the  Church  and  en- 
listing a  competent  faculty,  the  School  has  grown  to  the  point 
where  dormitory  and  class-room  space  is  at  a  premium.  The 
length  of  the  school  term  has  grown  from  two  to  nine  days. 
While  the  plan  has  greatly  broadened,  the  emphasis  is  where 
it  was  at  the  beginning — training  leaders  for  the  Sunday 
School. 

From  a  partially  trained  ministry  the  synod  now  points 
with  pride  to  a  thoroughly  educated  clergy,  the  equal  of  any 
denomination  in  this  land.     Time  was  when  the  president 


Retrospective  and  Prospective 


285 


could  only  give  spare  moments  to  the  official  business  of  the 
synod.  But  we  have  now  passed  the  experimental  stage  of  a 
salaried  president.  This  office  was  created  by  the  synod  at 
its  convention  in  1919  and  Rev.  H.  J.  Black  was  elected  pres- 
ident, to  serve  for  a  term  of  four  years.  At  its  convention 
in  1923  the  synod  reelected  President  Black  and  recorded  its 
appreciation  of  his  diligence  and  devotion  in  the  great  task 
committed  to  him. 


REV.    H.    J.    BLACK,    D.D. 


Not  the  least  noteworthy  in  the  progress  of  the  synod  is 
the  pleasing  fact  that  the  laymen  and  women  of  the  synod 
now  stand  in  the  front  rank  of  efficiency,  liberality,  and  pro- 
gressive leadership,  and  all  this  is  telling  in  better  and 
greater  work  for  God  and  His  Kingdom. 

The  prospect  promises  greater  things  to  come,  and  the 
next  centennial  year,  we  have  every  reason  to  believe,  will 
"exceed  in  glory". 


APPENDIX 

Ministers   Connected  With   the   South   Carohna   Synod 
from  January,  1824,  to  November,  1924 

Note. — Many  of  the  pastors  named  in  this  list  accepted  calls  into 
other  synods,  but  in  many  cases  they  returned.  To  trace  all  these 
moves   would  be  very   difficult.     It  was  therefore   thought  best  to 

give  the  date  on  which  they  first  entered  this  synod,  and  the  latest 
date  of  their  connection  with  the  synod. 

Connection 
Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

John  P.  Franklow 1824 1829 

John  Y.  Metze  1824 1833 

Godfrey   Dreher  1824 1837 

Michael  Ranch  1824 1869 

Jacob  Moser  1824 1865 

Samuel   Herscher  1824 1825 

John  Bachman  1824 1874 

C.  F.  Bergman  1824 1832 

Jno.  C.  A.  Schoenberg 1824 1826 

Stephen  A.  Mealy  1824 1840 

Jacob  Wingard  1826 1831 

C.  B.  Wessell 1826 1827 

J.  D.  Scheck  1827 1841 

J.  C.  Hope 1827 1853 

J.  G.  Schwartz  1827 1831 

Wm.  D.  Strobel 1829 1831 

Geo.  Haltiwanger,  Sr 1833 1849 

Herman  Aull  1833...: 1852 

Robert  Cloy 1833 1853 

E.  L.  Hazelius 1833 1853 

F.  F.  Harris  1834 1839 

S.  Bouknight  1834 1876 

David    Hunsjerpeler   1836 1840 

Jacob  Kleckley  1836 1860 

E.  A.  Bolles 1836 1893 

J.  P.  Ring  1 836 1852 

Elijah  Hawkins 1836 1837 

P.  A.  Strobel  1836 1855 

Wm.  Berly  1836 1873 

David    Bernhardt    1836 1843 

Levi   Bedenbaugh  1836 1860 

W.  G.  Harter 1837 1841 

Jacob  Grim  1837 1839 

S.  R.  Shepherd  1838 1855 


288         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Connection 
Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

W.  H.  Smith  1839 1843 

J.  P.  Margart  1840 1870 

Geo.  Halliwanser,  Jr 1840 1862 

C.  B.  Thuemmel  .1841 1843 

N.  Aldrich  1841 1866 

F.  Becker  1841 1841 

P.  A.  Strobe!  1 841 1855 

J.  F.  W.  Leppard 1841 1852 

P.  Kistler 1841 1856 

F.  W.  Humsoth  1842 1847 

C.  F.  Bansemer  1 842 1889 

E.  B.  Hort  1842 1863 

G.  H.  Brown  1842 1855 

H.  Stoudenmire 1842 1863 

P.  W.  Hawkins  1843 1851 

G.  H.  Haigler  1844 1860 

Levi  Daily  1844 1855 

E.   Keiffer  1844 1851 

Flijah  Elmore  1844 1860 

David  Shealy 1844 1879 

A.  W.  Lindler 1844 1913 

J.  H.  Bailey 1845 1892 

J.  D.  Stingley  1 846 1855 

S.  Bailey  1848 1855 

E.  DuflFord  1848 1879 

B.  N.  Hopkins  1848 1853 

J.  B.  Lowman  1848 1875 

L.  Mueller  1848 1898 

A.  J.  Karn  1 849 1862 

J.  B.  Anthony  1 849 1858 

R.  Godfrey  1849 1858 

G.  D.  Bernheim 1849 1858 

G.  Guebner  184^ ; 1855 

M.  Posey  1849 1852 

S.  W.  Bedenbaugh  .- 1849 1860 

Emanuel  Caughman  1849 1881 

Jacob  Austin'^ 1849 1920 

W.  H.  Fink  1850 1851 

C.  M.  Shepperson  1851 1853 

T.  S.  Boinest  1 851 1871 

Lewis   Eichelberger   1852 1859 

J.  H.  W.  Wertz 1852 1883 

D.  L  Dreher  1853 1855 

W.  A.  Houck 1853 1874 

R.  J.  Hungerpeler  1853 1856 


Ministers  on  Roll  of  Synod — 1824-1924       289 


Connection 
Naynes.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

W.  Eppin- 1854 1861 

B.  F.  Berry  1854 1889 

C.  H.  Bernheim 1855 1 866 

C.  D.  Austin  1855 

Jacob  Hawkins  1855 1895 

M.  Whittle 1858 1861 

J.  N.  Derrick  1858 1871 

Paul  Derrick  1858 1877 

W.  S.  Bowman  1859 1880 

Theophilus  Stork  1859 I860 

J.  A.  Brown  1859 1862 

J.  F.  Wilken  1860 1865 

D.  M.  Blackwelder  1860 1866 

J.  L.  Smithdeal  1860 1866 

J.  M.  Schreckhise  1860 1866 

Festus  Hickerson  1862 1864 

J.  P.  Smeltzer  1862 1887 

W.  Eichelberger  1862 1867 

A.  R.  Rude 1863 1883 

B.  Kreps  1862 1887 

A.   Angerer  1861 1865 

A.  D.  L.  Moser 1863 1883 

J.  A.  Sli-h 1863 1917 

J.  H.  Cupp  1865 1866 

J.  H.  Honour 1866 1885 

D.  P.  Camman  1867 1881 

D.  Kvser  1867 1895 

Carl  Weber  1867 1869 

S.  T.   Hallman  1868 In  synod  1924 

W.  W.  Hicks  1869 1871 

H.  S.  Wingard  1870 1883 

T.  D.  Shirev 1870 1882 

C.  P.  Boozer  1871 1921 

Geo.  A.  Hou-h  1871 1880 

T.  W.  Dosh  : 1872... 1876 

J.  H.  C.  Shierenbach 1872 1875 

H.  W.  Kuhns 1873 1878 

Geo    W.  Holland  1874 1895 

Z.  W.  Bedenbaugh  1874 1921 

J.  D.  Bowles  1874 1914 

J.  F.  Probst 1874 '. 1890 

S.  S .  Rahn  1874 1889 

E.  A.  Win-ard  1875 1900 

J.  B.  Haskell  1875 1884 

S.  P.  Hughes  1876 1882 


290         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Connection 
Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

Edward  T.  Horn 1 876 1897 

J.  Heckel  1878 1890 

J.  F.  Kiser 1879 1895 

L.  E.  Busby  1878 1896 

Wm.  Stoudenmire  1878 1880 

J.  H.  Wilson  1880 1919 

Peter  Miller   1880 1884 

L.  K.  Probst  1881 1903 

I.  P.  Hawkins  1881 1884 

J.  Q.  Wertz  1881 1889 

J.  Steck  1882 1906 

J.  E.  Bushnell   1884 1917 

M.  0.  J.  Kreps  1884 In  synod  1924 

A.  J.  Bowers  1884 In  synod  1924 

J.  W.  S.  Sheppard  1884 1884 

J.  S.  Moser 1884 1885 

Holmes  Dvsinger  1884 1888 

J.  C.  Brodfuehrer  1885 1889 

A.  B.  McMackin  1885 1887 

A.  G.  Voi-t  1885 1898 

C.  A.  Marks  1886 1890 

J.  B.  Fox       1886 : 1899 

E.  E.  Barclay 1886 1888 

J.  E.  Berly 1886 1890 

M.  M.  Kinard  1887 1903 

W.  A.  Julian  1888 1893 

R.  C.  Holland  1888 1898 

M.  J.  Epting  1888 1895 

W.  C.  Schaeffer  1888 1892 

H.   F.  Schede  1888 1889 

J.  G.  Graichen  1889 1906 

Henry  P.  Counts 1889 1891 

P.  H.  E.  Derrick  1889 ; 1920 

J.  H.  Wyee 1890 1898 

Karl    Bolt   1891 1903 

W.  A.  Deaton  1891 1897 

J.  D.  Shealy  1891 In  synod  1924 

J.   A.   B.   Scherer  1891 1908 

S.  C.  Zettner 1891 1896 

T.  0.  Keister  1891 1895 

S.  L.  Keller  1891 1893 

J.  W.  Butler  1892 1894 

W.  K.  Sli-h 1892 1924 

R.  E.  Livingston  1892 1918 

S.   P.   Shumpert  .1892 1915 


Ministers  on  Roll  of  Synod — 1824-1924        291 


Connection 
Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

924 


W.  A.  C.  Mueller  1892 

G.  J.  Martz  1893 

0.  B.  Shearouse  1893 In  synod 

A.  Freyschmidl  1893 

B.  W.  Cronk  1894 

C.  E.  Weltner  1894 

S .  C.  Ballentine 1894 

N.  D.  Bodie 1894 

C.  M.  Fox  1894 

Geo.  S.  Bearden  ; 1895 

Jas.  D.  Kinard  .1895 

H.  A.  McCullough  1895 In  synod 

S.  L.  Nease 1895 

T.  G.  Schaid  1896 

T.  W.  Horine  1897 In  synod 

T.  C.  Trauser  1897 

T.  W.  Shealy  1897 

H.  J.  Mathias  1898 

T.  J.  Long  1898 In  synod 

Y.  von  A.  Riser 1898 

M.  G.  G.  Scherer  1899 In  synod 

W.  W.  Ritchie  1899 

A.  R.  Taylor  1899 

P.  D.   Risinger  1 899 

W.  H.  Hiller  1899 

Chas.  H.  Armstrong  1900 

W.  H.  Greever  1901 In  synod 

H.  C.  Grossman  1901 

W.  A.  Lutz  1902 

J.  K.  Efird 1901 

W.  L.  Seabrook 1 902 

P.  E.  Monroe 1902 

S.  P.  Koon 1902 In  synod 

Chas.    Koerner 1903 

C.  A.   Freed   1903 In  synod 

L.  P.  Roland  1903 In  synod 

D.  B.  Groseclose  1903 In  synod 

J.  P.  Miller  1903 

J.  L,  Buck  1904 

W.  B.  Aull  1904 In  synod 

J.  B.  Haigler 1905 In  synod 

T.  B.  Epting  1904 

J.  W.   Nease  1905 

V.   C.   Ridenhour  1905 

J.  C.  Wessinger  1905 In  synod 


898 
924 
897 
911 
914 
918 
893 
897 
922 
924 
924 
906 
908 
924 
897 
900 
903 
924 
916 
924 
899 
922 
922 
914 
903 
924 
908 
905 
905 
907 
924 
924 
912 
924 
924 
924 
906 
906 
924 
924 
910 
908 
906 
924 


292         History  of  the  South  Carolina  Synod 


Connection 
Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

Wm.  J.  Finck  1906 1906 

J.  C.  Dietz  1906 1909 

J.  B.  Derrick  1906 1916 

C.  J.  Sox .1906 1907 

J.  B.  Harman  1906 In  synod  1924 

W.  P.  Cline  1907 In  synod  1924 

D.A.Sox 1907 1922 

C.  Armand  Miller  1908 1912 

J.  I.  Miller  1908 1908 

J.  H.  Harms  1908 1918 

Edw.  Fulenwider  1908 1920 

J.  L.  Yonce  1907 1922 

A.  G.  Voigt 1908 1912 

R.  B.  Tarrant  1908 1921 

0.  C.  Petersen  1908 In  synod  1924 

T.  S.  Brown  1909 In  synod  1924 

E.  H.  Kohn  1909 1911 

C.  W.  Hoppe  , 1909 1910 

J.  D.  Mauney  1909 1911 

J.  W.  Oxner  1910 In  synod  1924 

H.  J.  Black  1910 In  synod  1924 

1.  E.  Long  1910 In  synod  1924 

J.  B.  Umberger  1911 1915 

E.  C.  Witt  1911 1916 

W.  E.  Pugh  1911 1913 

E.  W.  Leslie  1911 1921 

J.  A.  Linn  1912 1914 

W.  A.  Dutton  1912 In  synod  1924 

Geo.  J.  Gongaware  1913 In  synod  1924 

C.  L.  Miller  1913 1922 

P.  E.  Shealy  1910 1921 

V.  L.  Fulmer 1913 1915 

H.  R.  Karstens  1913  No  record  after  ordina- 
tion   1913 

H.  M.  Brown 1913 Died  1913 

Bernard  Repass 1913 1916 

M.  L.  Kester  1913 1918 

H.  E.  Beatty  1914 1922 

H.  C.  Bell  .1914 1918 

M.  D.  Huddle  1914 1919 

M.  C.  Riser  1914 In  synod  1924 

W.  J.  Roof  1914 1915 

E.  F.  K.  Roof  1914 1917 

J.  C.  Seegers  1914 1918 

J.  L.  Smith  1913 In  synod  1924 


Ministers  on  Roll  of  Synod — 1824-1924        293 


Connection 

Names.  First  admitted.  to  date. 

L.  A.  Thomas  1914 ]  917 

R.  H.  Anderson  1914 1915 

H.  S.  Petrea  1915 In  synod  1924 

V.  Y.   Boozer  1916 1923 

C.  J.  Shealy 1915 In  synod  1924 

W.  H.  Riser  1917 1924 

E.  C.  Cronk  1917 1921 

A.  M.  Huffman  1917 1919 

W.  A.  Riser 1917 1921 

W.  H.  Roof 1917 1922 

Enoch  Hite  1918 1920 

Geo.  S.  Bowden  1919 1922 

Wm.  K.  Gotwald  1919 1923 

R.  R.  Sowers  1919 1923 

1.  Howard  Worth  1919 In  synod  1924 

Thomas  F.  Suber  1919 In  synod  1924 

C.  K.  Rhodes 1920 1922 

S.  L.  Blomgren  1920 1923 

A.  B.  Obenschain  1920 In  synod  1924 

H.  A.  Kistler 1920 In  synod  1924 

J.  A.  Shealy  1921 In  synod  1924 

R.  A.  Goodman  1921 In  synod  1924 

Geo.  W.  Nelson 1921 In  synod  1924 

P.  D.  Brown  1921 In  synod  1924 

A.  W.  Ballentine  1922 In  synod  1924 

R.  M.  Carpenter  1922 1923 

J.  L.  Cromer  1922 In  synod  1924 

S.  W.  Hahn  1922 In  synod  1924 

E.  H.  Seckinger 1922 In  synod  1924 

T.  M.  Senter 1922 In  synod  1924 

W.  D.  Wise  1922 In  synod  1924 

L.  L.  Lohr  1922 1923 

J.  W.  Mangum  1923 In  synod  1924 

H.   B.   Schaeffer  1923 In  synod  1924 

P.  C.  Sigmon  1923 In  synod  1924 

Henry  A.  Schroder  1923 In  synod  1924 

M.  R.  Wingard  1923 In  synod  1924 

T.  C.  Parker  1924 In  synod  1924 

D.  L.  Miller  1924 In  synod  1924 

F.  K.  Roof 1924 In  synod  1924 

E.  K.  Bodie  1924 In  synod  1924 

F.  G.  Morgan  1924 In  synod  1924 


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(309) 


INDEX 


General 

Abbeville  County,  Lutheran  settlements 
in,    19. 

Acknowledgment,    expression    of,    15. 

Addresses,  cornerstone  laying  at,  New- 
berry  College,   of,    71. 

Allworden,  W.  G.,  82. 

Amelia  Township,  loss  of  Lutherans  in, 
to    Episcopal   Church,    126. 

Ashley  River,  early  Lutheran  settlements 
along,   19. 

Augsburg  Confession,  basis  of  union, 
27 :   adoption   of,   28. 

Aull,  E.  H.,  98. 

Aull,  J.   P.,   70. 

Aull,  Herman,    25,    64. 

Bachman,  John,  24,  34,  59,  60,  61,  70, 
71,    75. 

Bachman  Endowment  Fund,  establish- 
ment of,    110. 

Bailey,    J.    H.,    70. 

Ballentine,   S.   C,   84.  ' 

Bamberg,  J.   G.,  21. 

Bansemer,  C.   F.,  72. 

Barre,    B.   H.,    121. 

Barre,   Matthias,   70. 

Bartholomew  (and  Shiloh),  early  congre- 
gations,   21. 

Bedenbaugh,  J.   L,   89. 

Bedenbaugh,   Levi,   34,   64,   65. 

Bearden,    George    S.,    205,    219. 

Beaufort  County,   Lutherans  early  in,   19. 

Berly,  William,   34,   65,   71,  67,  250. 

Bell,   Charles   K.,   82. 

Bernhardt,   David,   64,   65. 

Bethel,   25. 

Bethlehem,   Broad   River,   25. 

Bethlehem,  Newberry,  25,   41,   125. 

Black,  H.  J.  (first  salaried  president, 
285 )     89 

Blackwelder,' D.    M.,    132,    189. 

Blum,   F.   C,   282. 

Bible  School,  vacation,  first  in  synod,  204. 

Blomgren,    S.    L.,    111. 

Board  of  Publication,  organization  of, 
105. 

Boinest,  T.  S.,  69,   70. 

Roland,   L.   P.,   209. 

Bolles,   E.   A.,   64,   65. 

Book  Corporation,  Southern,  proposed, 
104. 

Book   of  Concord,   in   English,   use  of,   27. 

Book  of  Worship,  introduction  of,  103, 
104. 

Rookhardt,   Henry,    153. 

Boone,    Thomas,    Governor,    deed    by,    136. 

Boozer,    C.    P.,    87,   89. 

Boozer,    J.   D.,   72. 

Boozer,    V.   Y.,    192. 

P.owe,    R.    F.,    282. 

Bowe,    Mrs.   R.    F.,  52. 

Bowers,    A.   J.,    192. 

Bowers,    Mary   Lou,    51. 

Brown,    C.    L.,    45. 

Brown,    J.    A.,    71. 

Bulow,    Joachim,    pioneer   pastor,    130. 

Busby,   L.   E.,   102. 

Cappelmann,  J.  D.,   121,  223. 

Carroll,    Ruth    Efird,    15. 

Caughman,  West,  34,  282. 

Chapman,   H.   D.,   209. 

Charleston,    landing   of   Lutherans   at,    19. 

Chisolm,   Robert  G.,  93,   125. 

Church    discipline,    introduction    of,    28. 


Church    papers,   consolidation   of,    99. 

Church    property,   valuation   of.    111. 

Church    workers,  summer  school  for,  283. 

Classical   school,    establishment   of,    65. 

Cline,   Wallace   A.,   281.  • 

Cline,  W.   P.,  83. 

Cohocs  Falls,  crossing  of  Lutherans  at, 
19. 

Co'ony   Church,   41. 

Colored    (Negro)    members,   121,   113. 

Cloy,   Robert,   64. 

Committee,  Historical,  composition  of,  11. 

Congaree  River,  Lutheran  settlements 
along,    19. 

Congregations,  roll  of,  in  organization  of 
synod,   25  ; 
In    organization    of    Woman's    Mission- 
ary Society,   41  ; 
Members     of,     entering     ministry,     124, 
125,   137,   138,   159,   162,   164,   168,   172, 
178,   180,   185,  187,  188,   193,  201,  209; 
South    Carolina    Conference,    congrega- 
tions   of,    composing    merger     (1923), 
30. 

Contributions,    Foreign   Missions,    to,   34. 
Woman's  Missionary  Society,  total  con- 
tributions  of,    36. 

Copeland,   Josephine,   51. 

Corley,   Simeon,   281. 

Corpus  Evangelicum,  organization  of,  22, 
23,   143. 

Counts,    E.    O.,    121. 

Counts,    R.   C,    106,    121. 

Cromer,   George   B.,   83,   99,   115. 

Ciomer,  Carolyn,   15. 

Cromer,  J.   A.,  87. 

Cronk,    E.   C,    102,    107. 

Cronk,   Mrs.    E.    C,   51,   53,    102. 

Crum,    Jacob,    64. 

Cyclone,    destruction    of   church   by,    159. 

Daser,    Frederick,   21. 

Derrick,   J.    P.,    198. 

Derrick,   Sidney   J.,   85,    111,    121. 

Dingle,   G.   W.,    78,   282. 

Doctrine,    issues   of,    29. 

Dosh,  T.  W.,   95. 

Dreher,    E.    J.,    95. 

Dreher,    Godfrey,    23,    24. 

Dreher,    John,    Sr.,    23,    155. 

Dreher,    J.   J.,    134,   281. 

Duffie,   W.   J.,   96,    104. 

Dunninger,    Carl,    21,   22. 

Dutch   Fork,    Lutheran   settlers   of,    19. 

Eargle,    Mrs.    Kate,    47,    54,    55. 

Education  campaign,  organization  of, 
110. 

Educational    fund,    establishment    of,    110. 

Eichelberger  Home,  first  location  of  The- 
ological  Seminary  in,  61. 

Eichelberger,   John,   34. 

Eichelberger,    Lewis,    71. 

Eichelberger,    Webster,    74. 

Episcopal  Church,  losses  of  Lutherans  to, 
21  :    in    Orangeburg,    126. 

Efird,   C.   M.,   11,    15,   82,   87,   99,   146,  273. 

Efird,   Caro,   54. 

Efird,   D.   F.,  121,   146. 

Ehrhardt,    Conrad,    219. 

Eleazer,   G.   M.,   121. 

Epting,   Jacob,   55. 

Etheridge,   E.    J.,   87,   89. 

Evangelical  Lutheran,  The,  publication 
of,  94. 

Executive  Committee,  Woman's  Mission- 
ary,  organization,   42. 


(311) 


INDEX 


Federal    soldiers,    Newberry    College    used 

as   barracks   by,    74. 
Federation   of   Men,   organization   of,    121. 
Foreign  Missionary  Society,   Pennsylvania 
Synod,   of,   contributions   through,   34. 
Francke,    C.    D.,    gift   of,    36. 
Francke    Home,    establishment    of,    36. 
Franklow,   J.   P., 
Freed,   C.   A.,   82,   99,    102,    107. 
Froelich,   C.   F.,   22. 
Fund,    Bachman    Endowment,    110. 

Educational,    110. 

Holland   Memorial,    110. 

Semi-Centennial    110. 

Silver  Jubilee,   52. 

Garlington,   Robert,   72,   74,   77. 

General   Synod,   membership   of   synod   in, 

34. 
Confederate    States,    of,     Lutheran 

Church,    95. 
United   States,   of,   95. 
George    II,    III.    grants    to    congregations 

by,   130,   136. 
German       Reformed,       congregations      of, 

forming    Corpus    Evangelicorum,    22. 
Giessendanner,   John  Uhich,   21. 
Giessendanner,  J.   U.,   Jr.,    126. 
Gilbert,    D.   M.,   103. 

Girls"    School   in    Japan,    support   of,    53. 
Good   Hope   Church,   34. 
Grace   Church,   Prosperity,  41. 
Greever,  W.  H.,  38,  82,  89,  99,  107. 
Growth,    numerical    and    financial,    synod 

of,   102. 
Guntur    Mission,    early    support    of,    34. 

Habenicht,   C.   C,   117. 

Hacker,   George   S.,   282. 

Hallman,    S.   T.,    11,   28,    77,   97,   98,   99. 

Haltiwanger,    George,   Sr.,   34. 

Harms,   J.   Henry,   85. 

Hawkins,   Elijah,   65. 

Hawkins,    Jacob,   41,    43,    64,   65,   95. 

Hazelius,    E.    L.,   63.   66,   67,   68. 

Henkel,  David,   135. 

Henkel,  Socrates,  publication  Book  of 
Concord  by,   27. 

Herscher,  Samuel,  25. 

Home  Missionary,  first,  first  appoint- 
ment of,   33. 

Holland,  George  W.,  82. 

Holland  Memorial  Fund,  establishment 
of,    110. 

Holland   Memorial    in   Japan    School,    53. 

Holland,  Mrs.   George  W.,  42,  55. 

Holland,   R.    C,   48,   53. 

Holloway,   H.  C,  282. 

Holloway,  T.  W.,  282. 

Holloway,  Mrs.   T.   W.,   42,  44,   55. 

Hockman,   Jacob,   95. 

Hope,   John    C,    34. 

Honour,  J.  H.,  95. 

Horine,  J.  W.,   11,   15,  82,  99,   106. 

Hort,   E.   B.,   70. 

Hotinger,   C.   E.,   40. 

Houseal,    Bernard   Michael,   visit   of,    131. 

Houseal,    William    Frederick,    131. 

Houseal,  W.  P.,  11,  15,  96,  97,  99,  107, 
115. 

Hunter,  J.   B.,   282. 

Hunter,  N.   A.,   70. 

Hunter,   George  Y.,   80. 

Inner  Missions,   36. 
Jubilee   Fund,   Silver,   52. 


Kindergarten,   support  of,   in   Japan,  49. 
Kinard,   James   C,   121. 
Kinard,   J.    D.,    192. 
Kinard,   J.   P.,   70,  282. 
Kinard,    M.    M.,    192. 
Kinard,   Mrs.   M.   M.,   46,   55. 
Kohn,  E.  H.,   192. 
Kohn,   A.    H.,    11,    15,   82. 
Koon,    S.    P.,   87,   89. 
Kieps,   M.   O.   J.,   82. 

Kreps,   Mrs.   M.   O.   J.,   11,   47,   48,   50,   54, 
55. 

Ladies'  Society,  in  St.  John's,  Charleston, 
beneficence  of,   125. 

Leaphart,   Godfrey,   282. 

Light    Brigade,   enrollment   of,   54. 

Lippard,    Mrs.    C.    K.,    49,    54. 

Lowman    Home,    establishment   of,   37. 
Transference  of,  to   United  Synod,   38. 

Lowman,   Mrs.    Malissa,   gift   of,   37. 

Luther   Chapel,    Newberi-y,   41,   42,   43. 

Luther   League,    work   of,   117,    119. 

Lutheran   settlers,   early,    18,   21. 

Lutheran  Visitor,  The,  establishment  of, 
94. 

Lutheran  Visitor  Company,  incorporation 
of,   98. 

Lutheran  Board  of  Publication  (New- 
berry),   organization   of,    99. 

"'■'rgart,   J.    H.,   24. 

Margart,   J.   P.,   70. 

Marks,   Mrs.   C.   A.,   43,   44,   55. 

Martyrs,  Lutheran,  first  on  American 
soil,    18. 

Maver,    Kate,    43. 

Mayer,    O.    B.,    Sr.,    70,    104. 

Mayer,  O.  B.,  Jr.,  memorial  gift  of 
church   by,   213,    282. 

McCullough,  H.  A.,   11,  111. 

McFall,   Laura  E.,   42,  55. 

McMackin,   A.   B.,   98. 

McMackin,   Mrs.   A.   B.,  43. 

Meetze,   J.   Y.,   23. 

Membership,  Communicant,  largest  in 
synod,    167. 

Mil'er,    Henderson   N.,    102. 

Miller,   J.   L,  94. 

Ministers,    roll   of    (1824-1924),    287. 
Increase  in  number  of,   66. 

Mintzing,   Jacob  F.,   34. 

Missionary  Department,  in  Lutheran  Vis- 
itor,  54. 

Missions,  Home,  first  consideration  of,  25. 

Missionary     Society,     Foreign,     formation 
of,   33. 
Won^an's  Synodical,  first  convention  of, 
42. 

Missionaries  in  Japan,  members  of  syn- 
od's  congregations,    36. 

Monioe,    P.    E.,    15,    111. 

Morgan,    C.    I.,    180. 

Morgan,   G.    F.,   91. 

Moser,   Jacob,    23. 

Mt.   Calvary,  41. 

Mt.    Pleasant,    Ehrhardt,   128. 

Muller,   Gerhaid,   70. 

Muller,  Henry,  34  ;  donation  by,  to  The- 
ological Seminary,  66  ;  for  Ebenezer 
Church,   163. 

Mueller,  Louis,  remarkable  parochial  rec- 
ord of,    166. 

Muller,  Washington,  63. 

Newberry    College,    establishment   of,    68. 
Cornerstone,   laying   of,    for   first   build- 
ing,  71. 


(312) 


INDEX 


First  Board  of  Trustees  of,  70. 
Graduates,  number  of,  85. 
Removal  to  Walhalla,   77. 
Return   to    Newberry,    77. 
Newberry    County,    Lutheran    settlers    of, 

19. 
North  Carolina  Synod,   cooperation  of,  in 
Theological    Seminary,    64. 
Delegate   first  elected   to,   25. 
Nease,   Mrs.   S.   L.,   46,   55. 
Negroes,    trained    for    Lutheran    ministry, 
124. 

Offering,   largest  of  local    record,   204. 
Orangeburg    County,    first    Lutheran    con- 
gregation in,  21. 
Lutheran  settlers  in,  19,  20. 
Oswald,    Samuel,    24. 
Our    Church    Paper,    98,    99. 
O.xner.   J.   W.,   198. 

Parochial  table,  first  appearance  of,  in 
minutes,  25. 

Penn  William,  comparison  of  settlers  by, 
17. 

Pennsylvania,  migration  of  Lutherans  to 
South,   from,    19. 

Pennsylvania  Synod,  missionary  contri- 
butions through,   34. 

Peschau,    F.   W.    E.,   207. 

Persecutions  in  Europe,  escape  from,  by 
Lutherans,    19. 

Pifer,   A.   P.,   72,   77. 

Pine  Grove,  42. 

Pearson,  D.  K.,  gift  to  Newberry  Col- 
lege by,   85. 

Pioneers,   heroism  of,  283. 

Population,  slave,  provision  for  spiritual 
welfare  of,  283. 

Presidents,  roll  of.  Woman's  Missionary 
Society,   55. 

Protestant  Methodists,  congregation  of, 
uniting  with   Lutherans,   195. 

Publication  building  (first),  erection  of, 
103. 

Publication  cause,  funds  contributed  to, 
101. 

Publishing  Committee,  members  of,  from 
synod,    99. 

Price,   M.  C,   103. 

Purse,  T.,  34. 

Quantz,  J.  J.,  96. 

Ramage,    C.   J.,    121. 

Rast,   George  D.,  269. 

Rauch,   Jacob,   25. 

Rauch,   John,   66. 

Pauch,    Michael,   23,   31. 

Rawl,   Mrs.   M.   C,  43-45,   55. 

Record,    Chronological,   294. 

Red   Bank,  former  name  of  congregation, 

227. 
Representatives    in    merger,    from    South 

Carolina   Conference,   30. 
Ring,    J.    P.,   64. 
Rives,    Lelia    G.,    43. 
Robertson,   Mrs.    P.,   42,   43,   45,   55. 
Rude,   A.   R.,   93. 

Salem    church,    25. 

Salley,   A.    S.,   Jr.,    134. 

Salzburgers,  services  of  pioneers  for,  283. 

Colony   of,   established,   22. 

Tribute  to,   by   John   Wesley,   22. 
Saxe-Gotha,     township     of,      early     settle- 
ments of  Lutherans  in,   21,   227. 

Descendants  of  settlers  of,  225. 


Schaeffer,  W.   C,   98. 

Scherer,  J.   A.   B.,   45.   83. 

Scherer,  Mrs.   J.  A.   B.,  47,  50,  55. 

Scheck,   J.   D.,   first   home  missionary,   33. 

Schirmer,    E.    H.,    121. 

Schirmer,   Jacob   F.,    111. 

Schreckhise,    J.    M.,    72. 

Schuler,   T.,   34. 

Schumpert,    J.    K.,    70. 

Schwartz,    J.    G.,    first    Seminary,    profes- 
sor,  60. 

Seabrook,   W.   L.,    70,   99,    102. 

Sease,   Elberta,   117. 

Shealy,    C.    J.,    173. 

Self-denial,    special    example   of,    203. 

Semi-Centennial   Endowment   Fund,   foun- 
dation  of,    110. 

Settlers,    Lutherans,    first   in    South    Caro- 
lina,   19. 

Silver   Jubilee,   participation   in   by   Wom- 
an's  Missionary   Societies,   52. 

Simpson,   Gertrude,    117. 

Slave    population,    provision    for    spiritual 
welfare  of,  283. 

Sligh,    J.    A.,    long   pastorate   of,    132,    72. 

Smeltzer,    J.    P.,    74,    75,    77,    78,    80,    82. 

South     Carolina    Conference,     merger    of, 
29. 
Congregations   in   merger   of,   30. 

Southern   Lutheran,   The    (second   English 
Lutheran    Church    paper),    establish- 
ment of,   93. 
(Same   name   of   Sunday    School    paper, 
102.) 

St.    Andrew's,    41. 

St.    Bartholomew,    former    name    of    Mt. 
Pleasant,    Bamberg,    127. 

Steck,   Jacob,   41. 

Steck.   Mrs.   Jacob,   42-44,  55. 

St.    John's,   Calk's   Road,   41. 

St.    Jacob's,  Wate— ,   25. 

St.    John's,     Pomaria,     136 ;      communion 
service   of,    138. 

St.    John's,    Broad   River. 

St.    John's,    Charleston,    123. 

St.    Luke's,    Prosperity,    41. 

St.    Matthew's,    Cameron,    41. 

St.    Michael's,    25,    135. 

St.     Paul's,    Pomaria,    41. 

St.     Paul's,   Hollow   Creek,   25. 

St.    Peter's,    Piney   Woods,    25. 

St.    Philip's,    41. 

Pt.    Nicholas',    126. 

St.    Stephen's,   Lexington,   41. 

Stork,    Theophilus,    71. 

Stoudemayer,   G.    A.,    65. 

Stiobel,    Philip,    65. 

Students,    enrollment    of,    in    Theological 
Seminary,    65. 

Summer,  C.  E.,  J.  H.,  and  G.  W.,  memor- 
ial  gift  of  church  building,  by,   222. 

Summer,   Mrs.   J.   A.,   54. 

Summer,    John    Adam,    pioneer    Lutheran 
pettier,   257. 

Summer,    Henry,    71,   74. 

Summer    Memorial    Church,    gift   of,    222. 

Summerland     College,      establishment     of, 
87. 

Summer    School    for   church    workers,    in- 
terest in,   284. 

Synod,    authority     for    preliminary    meet- 
ing of,   11. 
First   steps   for  organization   of,   23. 
Organization  of,  55. 

Tablet,    memorial,    to    Dr.    Hazelius,    68. 
Taylor.   A.   R.,   214. 


(313) 


INDEX 


Theis,    Christian,   21. 

Theological    Seminary,    establishment    of, 
59-60. 
Directors   of,   election   of,   62. 
Opening   of,   63. 
Cooperation    of    North    Carolina    Synod 

in  support  of,   64. 
Gift   of   Henry    MuUer   to,    66. 
Location    at   Newberry,    69. 
Located   at   Columbia,    78. 
Removal  to   Salem,   Va.,   78. 
Discontinuance   of,    78. 
Transference      to      control     of     United 

Synod,  80. 
Location    of,    at   Mt.    Pleasant,    Charles- 
ton,  81. 
Location  of,   at   Columbia,   82. 
Theological    students,    first   ordination    of, 

64. 
Tiedemann,  Otto,  Jr.,  282. 
Thummel,     C.     B.,    special    commendation 

of,   66. 
Training    School,    missionary,    51. 
Treasury,  synodical,  first  receipts  of,  107. 
Tidings,    Sunday    School    and    missionary 

paper,    publication    of,    102. 
Todd,   -atrick,    71,   281. 
Trinity,    Elloree,    42. 

Trustees,    Poard   of,    first   election   of,    for 
Newberry   College,    70. 
First  election  of,   for   Summerland   Col- 
lege, 89. 

United   Synod,  organization   of,   80. 
United    Synod    Publishing    Company,    or- 
ganization  of,   98. 

Valuation,  synodical  and  college  prop- 
erty,  of.    111. 

Voigt.  A.  G.,  78,  80,  82,  98,  117,  168,  183, 
200,  209. 

Wallburg,  F.  A.,  22. 

Wallern,  Frederick  Joseph,  pioneer  pas- 
tor, 131,  (and  Mrs.  Wallern),  graves 
of,   133. 

Wcssinger,    B.    D.,    87,    198. 

Wessinger,    E.    L.,    198. 

Wessinger,   J.    C,   198. 

We'tner,   C.    E.,   38,   SI. 

Wesley,  John,  commendation  of  Salz- 
burgers,   by,   22. 

Whittle,    M..    71-72. 

Whites,   U.   B.,  282. 

Wilson,   J.   H.,    11. 

Winesett,   W.    J.,    103. 

Wingard,    H.    S.,    77. 

Wingard,   Samuel,    25. 

Wingard,   Joseph,   34,   225. 

Wiggers,   Christopher,   23,   155. 

Woman's  Memorial  Church,  aided  by 
Woman's    Missionary    Society,    48. 

Woman's    Missionary    Society,     synodical, 
organization   of,    43. 
Presidents  of,  55. 

Wulbern,   Alice,   36. 

Wyse,   Mrs.   J.    H.,   45,   55. 

Wyse,   Lottie,   36. 

Yonce,   J.   L.,   204,   223. 
Young    People,    Federation   of,   52. 
Young     People's     Federation,     foundation 
of,    117. 

Achievements   of,    119. 

Members   of,    in    foreign    work,    120. 

Zettner,   S.    C,    186. 
Zion   Church,   24. 


Pastoral   and   Official 

Aldrich,    Nicholas,    192. 

Angerer,   A.,    186. 

Anderson,   R.   H.,   156,    158,   215. 

Anthony,    J.    B.,    132,    141,    156,    165,    168, 

172,   187. 
Armstrong,   C.   H.,   172,   174,   213,   214. 
Aull,    Herman,    133,    155,    158,    162,    168, 

171. 
Aull,    W.    B.,    171,    187,    211,    217,   223. 
Austin,    170,    171,    179,    194,   213. 

Bachman,   John,    169,    181,    194.    195. 
Bailey,  J.  H.,  141,  152,  154,  160.  168,  170. 

177,  194,   197. 

Ballentine,  A.  W.,  120,  149,   175,  187,  219. 
Ballentine,   S.   C,   120,   133,   139.   147,   156, 

158,  170,    184,    198,    207,    211,    215. 
Pamberg,    Isaac,    130,    141,   215. 
Bamberg,   J.   G.,    145,   146,   153. 
Bansemer,    C.    F.,    149,    186. 

Bearden,  George  S.,  148,  152,  159,  162, 
170,    171,    196,   205,   215,   219. 

B?atty,  H.   E.,   189,  213. 

Beck,   A.   R.,    139,   148. 

Becker,   F.,   171,   175,   179,   187,  219. 

Be'l,   H.   C,   192,   194.  220. 

Bedenbaugh,  Levi.  158,  159.  161,  163, 
165. 

Bedenbaugh,    Samuel.    158.    159,    184. 

Bedenbaugh,  Z.  W.,  163,  168,  171,  172, 
191. 

Bergman,   C.   F.,   14. 

Bernheim,   G.   D.,    194. 

Berly,    J.    E.,    133,    147,    154,    187. 

Berly,    William,    132,    133,    141,    156,    158, 

159,  ICO,   165,   168,   172,   174,   175,   181, 
189,    190. 

Bickley,    J.    J.,    209. 

Black,  H.   J.,   158,   194,   197,  210.  212,  224. 

Blackwelder,   D.   M.,   132,    139,    154,   162. 

Blomgren,  S.  L.,  167. 

Bor'ie,    E.    K.,    177. 

Bodie,    N.   D.,    162,    168,    174,    189,   215. 

Bohn.  J.  G.,   186. 

Boinest,    T.    S.,    124,    156.    158,    159,    174 

180,   181,    195. 
Boland,    L.    P.,    161,    168,    172,    177,    178 

194,   209,   211. 
Boozer,    C.    P.,    127.    130,    147,    158,    162 

165,   171,   175,   176,   193,   199,  203,  206, 

216. 
Boozer,    V.    Y.,    147,    170,    179,    192,    198 

207. 
Bouknight,    Samuel,     158,     152,     167,     175 

178,  179,    197. 
Bowden,   G.   S.,  218,   224. 

Bowers,  A.  J.,  163,  168,  174,  176,  192 
202,   206,    214,   218,   222,    225. 

Bowles,  J.  D.,  139,  156,  158,  162,  171 
172,   174,   175,   176,   177,  206. 

Bowman,   W.    S.,    183,    194. 

Brodfuhrer,    J.    C,    186. 

Brown,   G.   H.,   168,    171. 

Brown,   J.   A.,    182. 

Brown,   P.   D.,   163. 

Brown,   T.   S.,    139,    161,   213. 

Buck,   J.   L.,    158,    162,   171,   215. 

Bulow,   Joachim,    130. 

Busby,   L.    E.,    150,    161,   170,    197,   215. 

Bushnell,   J.   E.,   192. 

Butler,   J.   W.,   193. 

Carpenter,   R.   M.,   144,   198. 
Caughman,    Emanuel,    158,    161,    165,    167, 
170,    171,    179,    193,    195. 


(314) 


INDEX 


Chapman,   H.   D.,   209. 

Cline,   W.   P.,   155,   165,  225. 

Cloy,   Robert,   127,   129,   148,   162,   167,   192. 

Counts,    E.    K.,    133. 

Counts,    H.    P.,    133,    147,    161,    168,    176, 

188    202 
Cromer,'    J.    A.,    150,    210,    222. 
Cromer,    J.    L.,    139,    142,    151,    179,    200, 

201,  209,  210,  222,  225. 
Cronk,    B.    W.,    159,    177,   200. 
Crouse,    A.    L.,    146,    151,    179,    180,    197, 

198,   210. 
Cupp,    J.    H.,    141. 

Daser,   Friedrich,   123,    125,    141,    142,    144, 

145,  209. 

Darr,   W.    L.,    142,    144.    198,   209. 

Davidson,   W.   H.,   208. 

Deal,    J.    F.,    142,    198,    209. 

Deaton,  W.   A.,   154,   165. 

Derrick,    J.    B.,    194,   220. 

Derrick,   J.    L.,   158. 

Derrick,    J.    N.,    135,    154,    165,    193,    196. 

Derrick,   J.    P.,    198,   208. 

Derrick,   Paul,    125,  158,   162,   171. 

Derrick,   P.   H.   E.,   141,   202,   206. 

Dietz,   J.   C,   189. 

Dosh,    T.    W., 

Dreher,   D.    I.,    168. 

Dreher,    Godfrey,    125,    134,    135,    140,    142, 

146,  148,     151,     152,     155,     156,     157, 
158,    169. 

Duflford,    E.,    177,    193. 

Dutton,  W.  A.,   158,    171,  211,   215. 

Dutton,   W.   H.,   162,  214,  222. 

Efird,    Adam,    5,    179,    180. 

Efird,     Daniel,     139,     143,     144,     146,     151, 

179,    180. 
Efird,   J.   K.,   139,   148,   151,    176,   209,   210, 

225. 
Eichelberger,   Lewis,    160. 
Eichelberger,  Webster,   190. 
Epting,   M.    J.,    159. 
Epting,    T.    B.,    186,   208,    212,   222. 

Faber,   Charles,    123. 

Faber,   J.    C,    122. 

Faber,   M.   F.   C,   123. 

Fink,   W.    H.,    168. 

Fox,    C.    M.,    193. 

Fox,   J.    B.,   183,   206. 

Franklow,   J.    P.,    125,    134,    135,    146,    155. 

Freed,   C.   A.,    163,    184,   216. 

Friedrichs,   J.   G.,    123,    127. 

Freyschmidt,   A.,    199. 

Froelich,    C.    F.,    139. 

Fulenwider,    Edward,    184,    207. 

Fulmer,    V.    L.,    211. 

Giessendanner,    John    Ulrich,   Sr.,    125. 

Giessendanner,    John    Ulrich,    Jr.,    126. 

Gongaware,   G.    J..    123,    224. 

Greever,   W.   H.,  203,   205. 

Groseclose,     D.     B.,     147,     148,     149,     158, 

162,     171,     179,     186,     198,     215,     217, 

219     21  *? 
Graiche'n,  J.G.,  161,  196,  200. 
Gotwald,  W.    K.,   183. 
Grossman,    189,    208,   217. 

Hahn,   S.   W.,    193. 
Hahnbaum,    J.    S.,    123. 
Haigler,    G.   H.,    125,    173. 
Haigler,   G.   R.,    130. 

Haigler,    J.    B.,    139,    156,    158,    171,    176. 
209,   211,    214,   222. 


170, 
202, 


141, 
154. 


198, 


154. 
168, 


177, 


Hallman,    S.    T.,    125,    139,    156,    168, 

171,    175,   178,   192,   193,  200,  201, 

203,   215,   218. 
Haltiwanger,    George,    Sr.,    135,    139, 

152,    162,    171. 
Haltiwanger,    George,    Jr.,    149,    150, 

156,    160. 
Harter,  W.  G..   130,   132,   148. 
Hartwig,    T.   G.,    167. 
Haskell,    J.    B.,    169. 
Hawkins,  J.  B.,  130,   149. 
Hawkins,    Jacob,    125,    158.    168,    172,    176 

189,    191,   205. 
Heckel,  Johannes,   199. 
Heemsoth,    F.,    166. 
Henkel,   David,    112,   135. 
Henkel,   Paul,   135. 
Herscher,    Samuel,    125,    135,    155. 
Hicks,   W.   W.,    123. 
Hiller,    W.    H.,    192,    200. 
Hite,   Enoch,   139,   142,   144,   156,   158. 

209,   215. 
Hockman,  Harman,   139,   148. 
Hockman,   Lewis,    153. 
Holland,   G.   W.,    156. 
Honour,   J.   H..    123.   194.   195. 
Hope,    John    C.    125,    132,    138,    141, 

156,   157,   158,   159.   160.   162,  163, 

170.   172.   174. 
Hoppe.   C.   F.  W..   199. 
Horine,    J.    W.,    176,    225,    226. 
Horn,    E.    T.,    123. 
Hort,   E.    B.,    124,    163,    177. 
Houck,    W.    A.,    135,    154,    165,    173, 

188 
Hough, 'g.   a.,   125,   165,   188.   193. 
Huddle.    W.    P..    165. 
Huddle,    M.    D.,    155. 
Huffman,  A.   N.,   224. 
Lughes,   S.    P.,    183. 
Hungerpeler,  J.  S.,   130,   173. 
Hungerpeler,    R.    J.,    158,    168,    172. 

Julian,  W.  A.,   158,  206. 

Keister,  T.  O.,  192,  200. 

Kel'er,   S.    L.,    189,    193. 

Kester.   M.   L..   161,    168.  219. 

Kinard.    J.    D..    125,    147,    161,    168,    172, 

175,    192,    198,   207,    210,    218,    226. 
Kinard,   M.  M.,   163,   192. 
Riser,  J.  F.,  189. 
Kistler,    H.    A.,    139,    146,    156,    158,    179, 

215. 
Kistler,    Paul,    130,    150.    162. 
Kleckley,    Jacob,    162,    208. 
Kohn,    E.   H.,    192,   208. 
Koerner,   Charles,    199. 
Koiner,    J.    S.,    142,    144,    198. 
Koon,   S.    P.,   132,    159,   162,   170,  202,  206, 

209,  214,  218,  221. 
Kreps,    B.,    130,    147,    149.    152,    161,    170, 

187,    193,   200. 
Kreps,   M.    O.   J.,    141,   161.    177.    193.    194. 

196,   207. 
Kyzer,  D.,  147,  152,  170,   197,  209. 
Kuhns,    183,    184. 

Leppard,    J.    F.    W.,    125.    141,    160,    165, 

174. 
Leslie,    E.   W.,    177,    192,   211. 
Lindler,    A.    W.,    147,    162,    165,    167,    179, 

187,   199. 
Linn,    J.    A.,    156,    215. 
Livingston,   R.    E.,    141,    174,   214. 
Lohr,   L.   L.,    151,   210. 
Long,    I.   E.,    139,   156,    158,   199. 


(315) 


INDEX 


Long.  J.  J.,  139,  156,  162,  158,  162,  172, 
174,    176,    202,   209,    214,   215,    217. 

Lowman,  J.  B.,  135,  147,  154,  165,  174, 
179,    197. 

Lybrand,  E.  L.,  146,  151,  179,  180,  197, 
200,   201. 

Lutz,  W.   A.,   192,  200. 

ManpTum,    155,   165. 

Marcord,   J.   N.,   146. 

Margart,    J.    P.,    125,    126.    132,    139,    141, 

159,    168,    174,    177,    182,    188. 
Marks,   C.   A.,    192. 
Martin,   J.   N.,    123,    139,   146. 
Martz,    G.    J.,    186. 
Mathias,   H.   J.,   154,   159,   165. 
Mauney,    J.   D.,   205. 

McCuUough,    H.    A.,    125,    187,    199,    205. 
McMackin,    A.    B.,    183. 
Meetze,    J.    Y.,    131,    134,    140,    146,    151, 

153-155 
Miller,   C.    Armand,    123. 
Miller,   C.    Luther,   221. 
Miller,   D.   L.,   148. 
Miller,    J.    I.,    94,    180,    194. 
Miller,    J.    P.,    189. 
Miller,   R.    J.,    155. 
Miller,    Peter,    162. 

Monroe,    P.    E.,    130,    149,    161,    214,    219. 
Moser,   A.   D.    L.,   147,    152,    162,   170.   179, 

198. 
Moser,  Jacob,  138,  139,  144,  155,  159,  161, 

162,   168,   172. 
Mueller,    Louis,    166,    186. 
Mueller,   W.    A.    C,    166,    167. 
Muller,    Washington,    124. 

Nease,   J.   W.,   152,   196,   200. 

Nease,  S.  L.,  139,   154,   165,   176,  177,   209, 

211. 
Nelson,  G.  W.,  200. 

Obenschain,   A.   B.,    161,   209. 

Oxner,    J.    W.,    123,    141,    194,    200,    201. 

Parker,    T.    C,    144,    210. 
Pence,   M.    L.,    148. 
Petersen,    177,    187,    199,    213. 
Petrea,  H.   S.,   194,  207,  211,  220. 
Pilz,  W.,   186. 
Probst,  J.   F. 
Probst,   L.    K. 


125,  130,   149,  186. 
194. 


Pugh,  W.   E.,   213. 

Rahn,    S.    S.,    139,    141,    156,    161,    196. 
Rauch,    Michael,    125,    132,    135,    146,    148, 

153,   155,   156,  157,   160,   162,   165,   171, 

187. 
Repass,    Bernard,    223. 
Rhodes,   C.    K.,   158,   171. 
Ridenhour,   V.   C,    154,   165. 
Ring,   J.   P.,   122. 
Riser,    G.    A.,    133. 
Riser    S    T      133 

Riser!  W.   B..,  89,   148,   161,   189,  209,   211. 
Riser,  Y.   von  A.,   132,   158.   137,  202,  206, 

208,  212. 
Risinger,    P.    D.,    130,    149,    152,    161,    168, 

177,   180,   196,  20,  21,  219. 
Ritchie,    C.   A.,    189. 
Roof,  E.   F.  K.,  130,  149,  219. 
Roof,   F.   K.,    170,   197. 
Roof,   W.   H.,   151,   159,   180,   197. 
Roof,  W.   J.,   142,   198,  201,  202,  209,  214, 

222,  224. 
Roof,  W.   K.,  211. 
Rude,    A.    R.,    163,    183,    195,    211. 


Schaeffer,    H.    B.,    166. 

Schaeffer,    W.   C,    168,    183. 

Schaid,   J.   G.,    148,   186. 

Scheele,   H.   F.,   201. 

Scherer,   James,   A.    B.,    125,    194. 

Scherer,    Paul,    193. 

Scherer,   M.   G.   G.,    144,    184. 

Scherer,   Simeon,    144,   184. 

Schroder,  H.   A.,  227. 

Schuette.    W.    E.,    147,    198. 

Schwartz,    J.    G.,    124.    125,    131,    138,   158, 

161. 
Seabrook,    W.    L.,    184. 
Seckinger,   E.   H.,    142,   144. 
Senter,  J.  M.,   142,   144,  209,  225. 
Shealy,   C.   J.,   173,   192,  223. 
Shealy,    David,    147,    152,    167,    170,    179, 

297 
Shealy, '  P.    E.,    168,    172,    174,    189,    217. 
Shealy,   J.  A.,  213,  214,  222,   226. 
Shealy.    J.    D..    152,    156,    158,    170,    172, 

179,   180,   187,   194,   199,   209,  213,  214, 

222. 
Shealy,   T.   W.,   197. 
Shearouse,   O.   B.,   142,   144,   152,   158.   162. 

171,   176,  196,  201,  209. 
Sheck,  J.  D.,   125,  130,  157,  141,  144,,  161. 
Shepherd,  S.   R.,   158,   168.   171,   172,   179. 
Shierenbeck,   J.   H.   C,   186. 
Shumpert,   S.   P.,   170,    179,    197,   209,   214. 
Sligh,   J.   A.,   132.   158,   173,   174,   175,   176, 

190,   200.  202,   205. 
Sligh,    W.    K.,    168,    172,    174,    202,    206. 
Smith,    J.    L.,    190. 
Sox,   C.   J.,   162,   187,  215,  227. 
Sox,    E.    J.,    139,    148,    151,    184. 
Sox,    D.    A.,    161,    168,    219,   220. 
Sowers,  R.  R.,   155,   165,   177,  211. 
Steck,    Jacob,    183,    202. 
Stingley,  J.  D.,   132,   135,   139,   154. 
Stockman,    J.    E.,    209. 
Stoudemayer,    G.    A.,    151,    168,    221,   225. 
Stoudenmire,   William,   125,   168. 
Storch,    C.    A.    G.,    135. 
Stork,    Theophilus,    182. 
Streit,    Christian,    123. 
Strobel,    Philip,    130,    163. 
Strobel,    W.    D.,    124,    130,    149,    152,    160, 

161,    163. 
Stroup,   B.   L.,   139,   148,   180. 
Suber,  T.   F.,   159,   171,  220,  226. 
Sumstine,  D.   R.,  207. 

Taylor,  A.  R.,   170,   197,  209,  214. 
Thomas,    L.    A.,    161. 
Thummel,   C.    B.,   160. 
Tise,    J.    M.,    162. 
Trauger,   J.    C.,    208,   212. 

Umberger,   J.    B.,   187. 

Wallburg,  F.   A.,   145. 

Wallern,   F.   J.,    131,   135,   148. 

Weber,   Carl,    186. 

Weltner.    C.    E.,   217. 

Wertz,   J.  H.  W.,   158,   162,   168,   170,   177, 

187,   189,   196. 
Wertz,   J.    Q.,    147,    158,    161. 
Wessinger,   B.  D.,   139,   148,   151,  198,  210, 

211,   223,   225. 
Wessinger,   B.   J.,   180.  209,   211. 
Wessinger,    E.    L.,    198. 
Wessinger,   J.   C,   139,    144,   180,   197,   198, 

202,  206,  210,  220. 
Whittle,   M.,    162,    182. 
Wike.    Jacob.    142,    182. 
Wilson,    J.    H.,    125,    130,    149,    189,    193, 

217. 


(316) 


INDEX 


Wingarcl,   E.   A.,    130,   149,  203. 

Winsard,    Jacob,    125,    132,    141,    153,    163. 

WinKard,   H.   S.,    156,    174,   189,   191,   201. 

WitiKard.   M.   R.,   218. 

Winkhouse,    M.,    135,    153,    148. 

Wise.    W.    D.,    147,    170,    180,    187,    197. 

Witt,    E.    C,    149,    213,    214,    222. 

Wordman.  H.  G.  B.,   122. 

Worth,    J.    Howard,    194. 

Wyse,   J.  H..   156,    158,   171,   176,  202,  211. 

Yonce,    J.    L.,    125,   212. 

Zettner,   S.   C,   186. 

ADDENDA 
Brown,  H.  M.,  pastor  of  St.  Michael's 
and  St.  Andrew's  (pp.  155  and  165), 
January  1,  1913,  until  his  death, 
July  22,  1913.  (Name  inadvertently 
omitted  in   list  of  pastors. ) 


Biographical 

Allworden,    Mrs.    W.    G.,    280. 
Aull,  W.   B.,  229. 

Bachman,    John,    247. 
Bachman,    W.    K.,   263. 
Baker,   Kenneth,   277. 
Ballentine,    A.    W.,    229. 
Berly,   J.    E.,   255. 
Berly,   William,   250. 
Black,   H.   J.,  229,  250. 
Blomgren,  S.   L.,  229. 
Bodie,   E.  K.,  230. 
Boinest,   T.   S.,   248. 
Boland,   L.   P.,  230. 
Boozer,    C.    P.,    253. 
Boozer,    D.    L.,   265. 
Bowers,    A.    J.,    230. 
Brown,   P.   D.,   230. 
Brown,    T.    S.,    231. 

Cappelmann,    J.    D.,   271. 
Chisolm,   R.   G.,   264. 
Cline,   W.    P.,   231. 
Cromer,   J.   A.,   231. 
Cromer,   J.    L.,   232. 
Cromer,  George  B.,  275. 

Derrick,    S.    J.,   276. 
Dreher,   Godfrey,  247. 
Dutton,   W.   A.,   232. 
Button,  W.   H.,   233. 

Efird,   C.   M.,   273. 
Eargle,   Mrs.    Kate,   279. 
Epting,    Jacob,   266. 

Ficken,    John    F.,    270. 
Freed,    C.    A.,   233. 

Greever,   W.   H.,    234. 
Gongaware,   G.   J.,   233. 
Goodman,   R.   A.,  233. 
Groseclose,   D.   B.,  234. 

Habenicht,   Mrs.   M.   S.,   279. 
Haltiwanger,   A.  D.,   269. 
Hahn,  S.  W.,  234. 
Haigler,    J.    B.,   234. 
Hallman,   S.   T.,  234. 
Harman,   J.   B.,  236. 
Hawkins,    Jacob,    250. 
Hazelius,   E.   L.,  248. 


Holland,   G.  W.,  252. 
Houseal,   W.    P.,   274. 
Houseal,  W.   W.,  259. 
Horine,   J.   W.,   236. 
Horn,   Edward   T.,   253. 

Jenny,   J.   W.,   271. 

Kohn,    A.    H.,    272. 
Kinard,  J.   D.,   237. 
Kistler,    H.    A.,   237. 
Koon,   S.   P.,  237. 
Kreps,   M.   O.    J.,   238. 
Kreps,   Mrs.   M.   O.   J.,   278. 

Long,   I.   E.,   238. 
Long,   J.   J.,  239. 

Mangum,    J.   W.,    239. 
Mayer,    O.    B.,    Sr.,    262. 
McCullough,   H.   A.,  239. 
Miller,   D.    L.,   239. 
Monroe,   P.   E.,   239. 
Morgan,  F.  G.,  240. 
Muller,    Henry,    257. 

Nelson,  G.  W.,   240. 

Obenschain,    A.    B.,   240. 
Oxner,    J.   W.,   240. 

Parker,  T.  C,  241. 
Petrea,  H.  S.,  241. 
Petersen,   O.   C,   241. 

East,  George  D.,  269. 
Rawl,   Mrs.   M.   C,   278. 
Riser,    M.    C,    241. 
Roof,   F.   K.,   242. 
Roof,   W.   J.,   242. 
Rude,   A.    R.,   249. 

Schirmer,   Jacob   F.,   260. 
Seegers,  Mrs.   F.  W.,  280. 
Seegers,   John    C,    Sr.,   261. 
Schaeffer,    H.    B.,   242. 
Scherer,    M.    G.    G.,    242. 
Schroder,    H.    A.,    243. 
Seckinger,    E.   H.,   243. 
Senter,    J.    M.,    243. 
Shealy,    J.    D.,    243. 
Shearouse,  O.   B.,  243. 
Smeltzer,   J.    P.,   244. 
Smith,    J.    L.,    244. 
Sox.   C.   J.,   245. 
Summer,   Henry,   257. 

Wessinger,    J.    C,    245. 
Wilson,    J.    H.,    256. 
Wingard,   E.   A.,   245. 
Wingard,   M.   R.,   279. 
Wise,   Mrs    J.   L.,   279. 
Wise,   P.    E.,   261. 
Wise,   W.   D.,   248. 
Worth,   J.   Howard,   248. 


Congregational 

Bachman    Chapel,    205. 
Bethany,    Edmund,    196. 
Beth   Eden.   171. 
Bethel    (High   Hill),   134. 
Bethlehem,    Lexington,    169. 
Bethlehem,    Pomaria,   155. 

Cedar  Grove,  179. 

Church   of   the   Ascension,   224. 


(317) 


INDEX 


Church  of  the  Incarnation,   226. 
Church  of  the   Redeemer,   180. 
Church  of  the   Resurrection,   173. 
Colony,    174. 
Corinth,  170. 

Ebenezer,    162. 
Emanuel,   Lexington,   179. 
Epiuhany,    223. 
Fhrhardt,   219. 
Enon,    214. 

Fairfax,  217. 

Good   Hope,    167. 

(^ood   Shepherd,   223. 

Grace   Church,    Gilbert,   210. 

Grace  Church,   Rock  Hill,  227. 

Grace   Church,    Prosperity,    189. 

Holy  Trinity,  Little  Mountain,  209. 
Holy  Trinity,  New  Brookland,  220. 
Holy   Trinity,   Pelion,    225. 

Immanuel,    Greenwood,    218. 
Immanuel,    Ridge   Spring,    226. 

Nazareth,    151. 

Macedonia,   175. 

Mayer  Memorial,  213. 

Mt.  Calvary,   161. 

Mt.   Hebron,  213. 

Mt.  Hermon,   New   Brookland,   222. 

Mt.   Hermon,    Peak,    206. 

Mt.   Pleasant,    Ehrhardt,    128. 

Mt.   Pleasant,    Gilbert,    198. 

Mt.   Pleasant,    Saluda,    215. 

Mt.   Tabor,    Newberry,    200. 

Mt.  Tabor,    New    Brookland,   201. 

Mt.  Vernon,  211. 

Orangeburg   Church,    187. 

Pine  Grove,    176. 
Pisgah,  200. 
Pomaria  Church,  214. 
Providence,    196. 

Salem,   146. 
Sandy   Run,    140. 
Silver    Street,   221. 


St.   Andrew's,    Blythewood,    200. 

St.   Andrew's,   Charleston,    194. 

St.   Andrew's,   Lexington,   165. 

St.   Barnabas',  223. 

St.  David's,    143. 

St.  Jacob's,   143. 

St.   James',    Jalapa,    168. 

St.  James',    Graniteville,    192. 

St.   James',    Saxe-Gotha. 

St.   James',    Summit,    197. 

St.   James',    Sumter,    207. 

St.   Johannes',    199. 

St.  John's,    Calk's   Road,    164. 

St.   John's,   Charleston,    123. 

St.   John's,    Clinton,    225. 

St.   John's,    Irmo,    225. 

St.   John's,   Johnston,    218. 

St.   John's,  Walhalla,   186. 

■^t.   Luke's,    Florence, 

St.   Luke's,   Prosperity,    159. 

St.   Luke's,   Summerville,   210. 

St.  Mark's,    Leesville,    157. 

St.  Mark's,   Fort  Motte,   211. 

St.  Matthew's,   Calhoun,    125. 

St.  Matthew's,    Charleston,    166. 

St.  Matthew's,    Lexington,    209. 

St.  Matthew's,   Newberry,    158. 

St.  Michael's,    153. 

St.  Nicholas',    153. 

St.   Paul's,    Aiken,    220. 

St.   Paul's,    Columbia,    202. 

St.   Paul's,    Gilbert,    150. 

St.   Paul's,    Pomaria,    130. 

St.   Peter's,    Batesburg,    178. 

St.   Peter's,   Meetze's,   152. 

St.   Peter's,    Piney   Woods,    147. 

St.   Philip's,  201. 

St.   Stephen's,    160. 

St.   Thomas',  198. 

Summer  Memorial,  222. 

Trinity,    Elloree,    221. 
Trinity,    Greenville.    222. 
Trinity,    Saluda,   162. 

Union,    187. 

Woman's   Memorial,    215. 
Wittenberg,    197. 


(318) 


